Which are true of influenza virus? Choose all that apply. antigenic drift is due to mutations in hemagglutinin or neuraminidase antigenic shift is due to reassortment of the gene segments in a mixing vessel it enters the respiratory tract but moves to the brain type A infects animals including birds, pigs and mammals antigenic drift may lead to pandemics
Answers
All of the options are true of influenza virus. The influenza virus is a RNA virus that causes influenza, an acute respiratory illness. There are two types of influenza viruses: type A and type B.
Influenza virus is highly contagious, and it enters the respiratory tract but can spread to other parts of the body, such as the brain. Influenza viruses have two proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, on their surface that are the targets of the immune response.
Both antigenic drift and antigenic shift are ways that influenza viruses can change their surface proteins so that they can evade the immune response. Antigenic drift is due to mutations in hemagglutinin or neuraminidase. Antigenic shift is due to reassortment of the gene segments in a mixing vessel. Type A influenza virus can infect animals including birds, pigs, and mammals. Antigenic drift may lead to pandemics.
Therefore, all of the options are true of influenza virus: Antigenic drift is due to mutations in hemagglutinin or neuraminidase. Antigenic shift is due to reassortment of the gene segments in a mixing vessel. It enters the respiratory tract but moves to the brain. Type A infects animals including birds, pigs, and mammals. Antigenic drift may lead to pandemics.
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Related Questions
LESSON REVIEW
1.
What do all workers in all scientific disciplines have in common?
They seek answers to questions about the natural world.
They rely on experiments performed in laboratories to collect
data.
C. They follow identical procedures for analyzing information.
D. None of the above; different disciplines have nothing in
common.
2.
A scientist carefully conducts a well-designed experiment, but she
collects data that do not fit with current theory. What should
she do?
A. discard records of the results
B. record the results, but not attempt to publish them
C. try to publish the results as accurately as possible and wait for
responses from other scientists
D. announce in a publication that the current theory is wrong
3. How does publishing scientific research develop a consensus among scientists in a field of research
4. How does sharing scientific research eliminate bias in scientific conclusions
Please helpp ASAPPPP
Answers
What do convection currents mean?
Answers
Answer:
Convection currents transfer heat from one place to another by mass motion of a fluid such as water, air or molten rock.
Explanation:
where does the energy in an ecosystem come from
Answers
Answer:the vast majority of energy originate from the sun
Explanation:
E If you increase the surface area of a rock, how will it affect the rate at which it weathers? It will weather more quickly. b. It will have no effect because surface area is not a factor in weathering. It will weather more slowly. d. It will have no effect because a rock does not have a surface area. C.
Answers
Answer:
it will weather more quickly
Answer:
It's A
Explanation:
dominant and recessive pattern of inheritance. false true
Answers
Answer:
true
Explanation:
because there is existence of fittest
in which bacterial structure would you find the protein pilin?
Glycocalyx. Lipopolysaccharide
Gram-positive cell walls. Flagella. Fimbriae.
Answers
Pilin is a protein that is found in the bacterial structure called the flagella.
Flagella are helical structures that are responsible for propelling the bacterium forward and allow it to move through liquids. They are composed of a protein called pilin which is embedded in a structure known as the glycocalyx.
The glycocalyx is a sugar-based coating that helps the bacterium attach to surfaces and also provides protection from harsh environments. Gram-positive cell walls also contain pilin, as well as other proteins such as fimbriae and lipopolysaccharides.
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The statement, it is a matter of chance which homolog goes to which daughter cell best describes _____.
Answers
Answer:
independent assortment;
Explanation:
During metaphase I, maternal and paternal homologs line up randomly at the metaphase plate.
hope this helps!!
What does the following correctly arranges the taxa are the biological classification system, ranking them from the broadest to the most specific?
A. order, class, phylum, Genus, species, family, kingdom
B. Kingdom, phylum, class, order, Family, genus, species
C. class, family, genus, kingdom, phylum, order, species
D. species, genus, family, class, order, phylum, kingdom
Answers
Answer:
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Explanation:
The classification system helps scientists keep order in the natural world and describes how different animals and plants are related.
PLEASE ANSWER! Will give brainliest ❤️
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
I would say Z
some common predators include mustelids, felids, arboreal snakes, owls, and raptors (stafford & ferreira 1995; kinzey 1997; sussman 2000)
Answers
Some common predators in the animal kingdom are mustelids, felids, arboreal snakes, owls, and raptors. These predators have developed specific adaptations that allow them to hunt and capture their prey effectively.
1. Mustelids: Mustelids include animals like weasels, badgers, and otters. They are known for their agility and speed, which enables them to chase down and capture their prey.
2. Felids: Felids are a family of mammals that includes big cats like lions, tigers, and leopards. They have sharp claws, powerful jaws, and keen senses, which help them stalk, pounce, and kill their prey.
3. Arboreal snakes: Some snake species, like the green tree python, are arboreal, meaning they live and hunt in trees. These snakes use their strong bodies and excellent camouflage to ambush and capture their prey, which often includes small mammals and birds.
4. Owls: Owls are nocturnal birds of prey that have specialized adaptations for hunting. Their silent flight, powerful talons, and excellent vision allow them to swoop down on their prey, often small mammals or birds, without being detected.
5. Raptors: Raptors, or birds of prey, include eagles, hawks, and falcons. They have sharp beaks and talons, as well as incredible eyesight, which allows them to spot and capture their prey while in flight.
These common predators play an important role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems by controlling populations of prey species. By preying on weaker or slower individuals, they help to ensure the survival of the fittest and maintain the overall health of the ecosystem.
In conclusion, some common predators in nature include mustelids, felids, arboreal snakes, owls, and raptors. Each of these predators has unique adaptations that enable them to successfully hunt and capture their prey. Understanding the role of these predators in ecosystems helps us appreciate the complexity and balance of the natural world.
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A species of moss would be most closely related to: O A bacteria O A protist A fungus O An animal
Answers
A species of moss would be most closely related to a fungus.
Characteristics of moss:
Both moss and fungus are non-vascular plants and share similar characteristics such as being able to thrive in moist environments and having simple reproductive structures. Bacteria and protists are not closely related to moss as they have distinct differences in their cellular structure and mode of reproduction.
Protists, in particular, are a diverse group of organisms that include single-celled organisms such as amoebas and algae, which are more distantly related to moss than fungi. A species of moss would be most closely related to a fungus. Moss belongs to the plant kingdom, while protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms, and they share some similarities with plants. Fungi and animals are more distantly related to mosses in comparison to protists.
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Explain the process of finding the volume of irregular solid in laboratory with diagram
Answers
Answer:
If the object has an irregular shape , the volume can be measured using a displacement can . The displacement can is filled with water above a narrow spout and allowed to drain until the water is level with the spout. As the irregular object is lowered into the displacement can, the water level rises.
Explanation:
The fibers of the inner layer of smooth muscle are oriented ______ around the GI tract, and are called the inner ______ layer
Answers
The fibers of the inner layer of smooth muscle are oriented circularly around the GI tract, and are called the inner circular layer.
The inner layer of smooth muscle within the gastrointestinal tract is oriented circularly around the GI tract. This layer is known as the inner circular layer. It consists of fibers that are arranged in a circular pattern, allowing them to contract and relax in order to help facilitate the movement of food through the GI tract.
These fibers also help to control the diameter of the lumen within the GI tract. It is important to note that the inner circular layer is not the only layer of smooth muscle within the GI tract, as there is also an outer longitudinal layer which consists of fibers that are arranged longitudinally and contract in order to move food along the GI tract.
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Which of the following prompts are correct regarding a mitochondrion? Check All That Apply Powerhouse of the cell Only organelle to use oxygen U Site of photosynthesis Energy is released when C-C bonds of nutrients are broken U Converts pyruvate or acetyle CoA to CO2 Uses CO2 from the air
Answers
Regarding mitochondria, the correct statements are - Powerhouse of the cell, Only organelle to use oxygen, Energy is released when C-C bonds of nutrients are broken, Converts pyruvate or acetyl CoA to CO2.
The powerhouse of the cell: Correct.The mitochondrion is often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because it plays a crucial role in generating cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the process of cellular respiration.
Only organelle to use oxygen: Correct.Mitochondria are the primary organelles involved in aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
Site of photosynthesis: Incorrect.Mitochondria are not involved in photosynthesis. Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts in plant cells, while mitochondria are present in both plant and animal cells and are responsible for cellular respiration.
Energy is released when C-C bonds of nutrients are broken: Correct.Mitochondria participate in the breakdown of nutrients, such as glucose, through a series of biochemical reactions, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation.
During these processes, carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds are broken, releasing energy.
Converts pyruvate or acetyl CoA to CO2: Correct.In the citric acid cycle, pyruvate, derived from glycolysis, is converted to acetyl CoA, which then enters the cycle. In this process, carbon dioxide (CO2) is released as a byproduct.
Uses CO2 from the air: Incorrect.While plants utilize carbon dioxide from the air during photosynthesis, mitochondria do not directly utilize CO2 from the environment. They primarily use oxygen (O2) in cellular respiration.
Based on the correct statements, the options would be: The powerhouse of the cell, the Only organelle to use oxygen, Energy is released when C-C bonds of nutrients are broken, and it Converts pyruvate or acetyl CoA to CO2.
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which is not a way that ancient people classified plants and animals
Answers
One way that ancient people did not use to classify plants and animals is based on their genetic or evolutionary relationships.
Ancient classifications of plants and animals were typically based on observable characteristics such as appearance, behavior, and usefulness. They relied on morphological features like shape, size, color, and habitat to group organisms together.
Ancient classifications often focused on practical aspects such as medicinal uses, edible properties, or cultural significance. For example, plants might have been classified based on their healing properties or their suitability for food or construction materials. Animals might have been categorized based on their physical traits, such as their ability to fly or swim.
However, ancient people did not have access to the scientific understanding of genetics or the tools to study DNA sequences, which are fundamental in modern taxonomy. They lacked the knowledge of shared ancestry and evolutionary relationships that form the basis of modern classification systems such as cladistics and phylogenetics.
Therefore, the genetic or evolutionary relationships between organisms were not considered in ancient classifications, distinguishing them from the approach used in modern biological taxonomy.
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What happens in meiosis I that does not occur in meiosis II?
-cytokinesis takes place
-nuclei divide
-DNA is copied
-haploid cells form
Answers
DNA replication only take place in meiosisI
Answer:
DNA is Copied
Explanation:
for each trait, how many alleles do the gametes carry?
Answers
For each trait, the gametes carry one allele.
During meiosis, chromosome pаirs аre split аpаrt аnd distributed into cells cаlled gаmetes. Eаch gаmete contаins а single copy of every chromosome, аnd eаch chromosome contаins one аllele for every gene. Therefore, eаch аllele for а given gene is pаckаged into а sepаrаte gаmete. For exаmple, а fly with the genotype Bb will produce two types of gаmetes: B аnd b. In compаrison, а fly with the genotype BB will only produce B gаmetes, аnd а fly with the genotype bb will only produce b gаmetes.
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What is the role of the superior colliculus in the midbrain?
Answers
Explanation:
The superior colliculus (SC) is a midbrain area where visual, auditory and somatosensory information are integrated to initiate motor commands.
Hello, Please answer these questions I rwally need them by today if anyone can help!!
1. Fill in the blanks below with the correct words to make a true statement:
Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that use energy from the sun to convert water and _____________ into glucose sugar and _____________.
2. Fill in the blanks below with the correct words to make a true statement:
Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into energy stored in the molecule _________. Aerobic respiration requires the presence of Oxygen___________ and releases water and _________________ as waste products.
3. In the space below, write at least one complete sentence briefly describing why we need cellular respiration to survive.
Please if you do know the answer to this please replay i really really need them by today... Thank you!
Answers
Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that use energy from the sun to convert water and Carbon-dioxide into glucose sugar and Oxygen.
Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into energy stored in the molecule C6H12O6. Aerobic respiration requires the presence of Oxygen and Hydrogen releases water and carbon dioxide as waste products.
Cellular respiration serves the straightforward objective of giving cells the energy they require to function. Food would be completely useless if living beings couldn't obtain the energy they required from it. No matter the type or quantity of nourishment, all living beings will eventually perish.
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which two technologies use reflected sound waves
Answers
Answer:
one of them is SONAR
Explanation:
Other one is megaphone
Answer: There are 3 of them that are: radar, sonar and lidar.
Explanation: I used google to answer this
Burch is a medical examiner examining a body that had died from poisoning. He knows that the victim was depressed prior to her death and that she had a violent husband. Which two classifications of death does he suspect? Burch suspects that the victim may have died of a(n) which is a death caused by another’s intent to harm the victim. The victim may also have died of a(n) , which is a self-inflicted injury.
Answers
Answer:
Probably self-inflicted?
Explanation:
I'm not too sure it's not my expertise so I hope someone better at this comes along but I kind of doubt that the abuser would kill the victim I think it's self-inflicted but please don't trust this too much. I hop it helped anyways.
One of the functions of the ozone layer within our atmosphere is to...
A. create ocean currents.
B. protect us from harmful ultra-violet radiation.
C. create atmospheric currents.
D. protect us from carbon dioxide buildup.
Will give brainlyest if correct. thanks
Answers
Answer:
B. Protect us from harmful ultraviolet Radiation.
Explanation:
I did this in 6th grade. The ozone layer contains a high concentration of ozone, which absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth from the sun.
which of the following best describes the cellular process illustrated in figure 1 ? responses sister chromatids separating during anaphase of mitosis sister chromatids separating during anaphase of mitosis chromosomes lining up along the midline of the cell during mitosis chromosomes lining up along the midline of the cell during mitosis reducing the chromosome number during anaphase i i of meiosis reducing the chromosome number during anaphase 1 of meiosis chromatids failing to separate during meiosis
Answers
Statement (C) The biological process depicted in Figure 1 can be best described as a reduction in the number of chromosomes during metaphase I of meiosis.
What are DNA vs. chromosomes?Chromosomes are formations that like threads and house the DNA molecule in each cell's nucleus. Each chromosome is constructed from DNA that has been tightly wound around histone proteins several times to sustain its shape.
How many DNA molecules make up a chromosome?One DNA molecule and one protein make up each chromosome. Histone proteins allow for the nucleus to be compacted with chromosomes of various sizes.
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Wolves and coyotes are very closely related and live in many of the same areas, but they feed mostly on differently prey. What best explains why this happens
Answers
Wolves and coyotes are closely related and live in many of the same areas, but they primarily feed on different prey. This phenomenon can be best explained by a combination of factors, such as differences in body size, hunting strategies, and the concept of niche partitioning.
Wolves are larger and more powerful than coyotes, enabling them to take down larger prey such as deer, elk, and moose. In contrast, coyotes, being smaller and more agile, tend to focus on smaller prey like rodents, rabbits, and birds. This difference in body size contributes to their preference for different prey. Additionally, hunting strategies vary between these two species. Wolves often hunt in packs, which allows them to tackle larger animals and share the food among pack members. Coyotes, on the other hand, usually hunt alone or in small groups, targeting prey that is easier to catch and consume independently.
Niche partitioning also plays a role in their feeding preferences, this ecological concept suggests that when two species coexist in the same area, they will evolve to utilize different resources to minimize competition. By targeting different prey, wolves and coyotes can coexist without directly competing for food, allowing both species to thrive in their shared habitats. This division of resources contributes to the maintenance of biodiversity in the ecosystem.
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conventional and kilohertz-frequency spinal cord stimulation produces intensity- and frequency-dependent inhibition of mechanical hypersensitivity in a rat model of neuropathic pain.
Answers
The study demonstrates that both conventional and kilohertz-frequency spinal cord stimulation can effectively reduce mechanical hypersensitivity in a rat model of neuropathic pain. The intensity and frequency of the stimulation play a crucial role in determining the extent of inhibition of hypersensitivity.
The study shows that both conventional and kilohertz-frequency spinal cord stimulation can reduce mechanical hypersensitivity in rats with neuropathic pain. This means that these two types of stimulation, when applied to the spinal cord, can decrease the sensitivity to mechanical stimuli in rats experiencing neuropathic pain.
The inhibition of hypersensitivity depends on the intensity and frequency of the stimulation. Higher intensities and frequencies result in greater inhibition of mechanical hypersensitivity.
For example, if a rat with neuropathic pain is subjected to conventional spinal cord stimulation with a high intensity and frequency, it will experience a stronger reduction in mechanical hypersensitivity compared to a lower intensity and frequency. Similarly, kilohertz-frequency spinal cord stimulation at higher intensities and frequencies will also produce a more significant decrease in hypersensitivity.
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How is volvox different from paramecium and euglena?
A) Volvox is composed of multiple cells, while paramecium and euglena are both composed of single cells.
B)Volvox uses a different way of moving from both paramecium and euglena.
C)Volvox takes in food from the environment, while paramecium and euglena make their own food.
D)Volvox does not have a nucleus, while both paramecium and euglena do have a nucleus.
Answers
Volvox is composed of multiple cells, while paramecium and euglena are both composed of single cells.
The primary distinction between volvox, paramecium, and euglena is that volvox is a green alga that lives in freshwater colonies, whereas paramecium is a ciliate protozoan that resembles the shape of a shoe, and euglena is a single-celled flagellate eukaryote with both plant and animal characteristics.
A volvox is a colony of cells, whereas a euglena is a single cell. A volvox moves with flagella, whereas a euglena moves with cilia. A volvox must capture its food, whereas a euglena can make its own. A euglena reproduces only sexually, whereas a volvox reproduces only asexually. Euglena obtains food through photosynthesis, whereas Volvox obtains food through pseudopods that surround it.
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b) How does S. enterica balance energy metabolism and carbon assimilation in your pathway?
Answers
Salmonella enterica balances energy metabolism and carbon assimilation through its central carbon metabolism pathway. This pathway includes glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and reducing power in the form of NADH. The pentose phosphate pathway generates NADPH, which is used for biosynthesis and oxidative stress defense. The tricarboxylic acid cycle utilizes pyruvate and other intermediates to produce more ATP and NADH.
S. enterica also uses carbon assimilation pathways, such as the Calvin-Benson cycle, to fix carbon dioxide and produce organic compounds. The energy and carbon sources are regulated by the availability of nutrients and the needs of the bacteria. S. enterica can use aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, or fermentation, depending on the oxygen levels and the electron acceptors present. Overall, S. enterica balances energy metabolism and carbon assimilation to maintain cellular homeostasis in different environments.
The microscopic anatomical unit of excretion found in the kidney is the
A. nephron.
B. glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.
C. glomerulus.
D. alveoli.
E. microvilli.
Answers
The microscopic anatomical unit of excretion found in the kidney is the nephron. It is a complex structure responsible for filtering blood, reabsorbing necessary substances, and excreting waste products through the formation of urine.
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for the processes involved in excretion. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons, which work together to maintain the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body.
The nephron consists of several components, including the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule, glomerulus, renal tubules, and collecting ducts. The glomerular capsule is the initial structure of the nephron and surrounds the glomerulus, which is a tuft of specialized capillaries. These structures form the renal corpuscle, where blood is filtered to create a fluid called filtrate.
The filtrate then passes through the renal tubules, including the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule. Along these tubules, essential substances such as water, glucose, and electrolytes are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream, while waste products and excess substances are further excreted into the tubules.
The collecting ducts receive the filtrate from multiple nephrons and carry it towards the renal pelvis, where it eventually becomes urine. The nephron's intricate structure and functions ensure the regulation of fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and the removal of metabolic waste products from the body through urine formation.
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why shouldnt you move the objective lense towards the stage when focusing
Answers
A scientist is comparing the dna sequences of three different organisms. which evidence would support the conclusion that all three organisms are closely related?
Answers
If a scientist is comparing the DNA sequences of three different organisms and wants to conclude that all three organisms are closely related, they would look for evidence of similarity in their DNA sequences
They would specifically search for the following proof:
High degree of sequence similarity: If there is a great deal of similarity between the DNA sequences of the three organisms, this may indicate that they are closely related and had a common ancestor.
Shared genetic characteristics: The existence of particular genes or genetic markers in all three creatures shows that they are closely related and descended from a single species.
Genes or sequences that are conserved: If the three creatures contain genes or sequences that are conserved, it is likely that they have a common evolutionary history and are related.
Geographical distribution: If all three organisms are present in the same area, this is indicative of their close kinship and same ancestry.
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