The capacitance of a portion of a circuit is to be reduced from 4000 pF to 1600 pF. What capacitance can be added to the circuit to produce this effect without removing existing circuit elements? Must any existing connections be broken to accomplish this?
Answers
a. The capacitance of a portion of a circuit is to be reduced from 4000 pF to 1600 pF can be added to the circuit to produce the effect without removing existing circuit elements is 2666.67 pF.
b. Any existing connections must not need to be broken to accomplish this.
To reduce the capacitance of a portion of a circuit from 4000 pF to 1600 pF, we can add another capacitor in series with the existing capacitor. This is because the total capacitance of capacitors in series is given by the formula:
1/Ctotal = 1/C1 + 1/C2
Where Ctotal is the total capacitance, C1 is the capacitance of the first capacitor, and C2 is the capacitance of the second capacitor.
We can rearrange this formula to solve for C2:
1/C2 = 1/Ctotal - 1/C1
Substituting the given values:
1/C2 = 1/1600 pF - 1/4000 pF
1/C2 = 0.000625 - 0.00025
1/C2 = 0.000375
C2 = 1/0.000375
C2 = 2666.67 pF
Therefore, a capacitor with a capacitance of 2666.67 pF can be added in series with the existing 4000 pF capacitor to reduce the total capacitance to 1600 pF. And no existing connections need to be broken to accomplish this.
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Related Questions
A 5.00-kg object is attached to one end of a horizontal spring that has a negligible mass and a spring constant of 420 N/m. The other end of the spring is fixed to a wall. The spring is compressed by 10.0 cm from its equilibrium position and released from rest. What is the speed of the object when it is 8.00 cm from equilibrium?
Answers
A 5.00-kg object is attached to one end of a horizontal spring that has a negligible mass and a spring constant of 420 N/m. The spring is compressed by 10.0 cm from its equilibrium position and released from rest. the speed of the object when it is 8.00 cm from equilibrium is 0.88 m/s.
To resolve this issue, we can employ energy conservation. Initially, the object is at rest and the spring is compressed by 10.0 cm from its equilibrium position. The spring now possesses potential energy provided by:
Us = \((1/2)kx^2\)
where x is the spring's compression and k is the spring constant.
Us = \((1/2)(420 N/m)(0.100 m)^2\) = 2.10 J
When the spring is released, this potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as the object moves towards its equilibrium position. At any point during the motion, the total energy is the sum of the potential and kinetic energies:
E = Us + Uk
where Uk is the kinetic energy. The object has its highest kinetic energy and no potential energy in the equilibrium position. The potential energy has now all been changed into kinetic energy. Therefore, the kinetic energy at any point during the motion can be found by subtracting the potential energy at that point from the total initial potential energy:
Uk = E - Us
When the object is 8.00 cm from equilibrium, the compression of the spring is x = 0.100 m - 0.080 m = 0.020 m. Therefore, the potential energy at this point is:
Us = \((1/2)(420 N/m)(0.020 m)^2\) = 0.17 J
When we substitute kinetic energy into the equation, we obtain:
Uk = E - Us = 2.10 J - 0.17 J = 1.93 J
The kinetic energy is related to the speed of the object by the equation:
Uk = \((1/2)mv^2\)
where the object's speed is v and its mass is m.
Solving for v, we get:
v = \(\sqrt{(2Uk/m)}\) = \(\sqrt{(2(1.93 J)/(5.00 kg)) }\)= 0.88 m/s
Therefore, the speed of the object when it is 8.00 cm from equilibrium is 0.88 m/s.
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In a glass of flat coca cola, the cola is considered a _______ mixture because its composition is ________.
Answers
In n a glass of flat coca cola, the cola is considered a Homogeneous mixture because its composition exists uniform.
What is meant by Homogenous Mixture?A mixture is said to be homogenous if its composition is constant throughout. Because the dissolved salt is evenly distributed throughout the whole salt water sample, the salt water described above is homogenous. Milk, Kool-Aid, blood, lotion, window cleaner, glue, and other homogenous substances. Pizza, cereal with milk, beach rocks, banana splits, and other heterogeneous foods are examples. While heterogeneous combinations can be separated, homogeneous mixes cannot.
A combination is said to be heterogeneous if its composition is not constant throughout. Vegetable soup is a complex concoction. Each mouthful of soup will have differing percentages of the various veggies and other ingredients.
Hence, In n a glass of flat coca cola, the cola is considered a Homogeneous mixture because its composition exists uniform.
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Which Period 2 element would you expect to have the highest electrical and
thermal conductivity?
A. Oxygen (0)
B. Fluorine (F)
C. Nitrogen (N)
D. Lithium (LI)
Answers
Answer:
Lithium
Explanation:
The required highest electrical and thermal conductivity is of D. Lithium (Li).
What are period 2 elements?Period 2 elements are the chemical elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table of elements. These elements include:
Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), Boron (B), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O) , Fluorine (F), and Neon (Ne).
Period 2 elements have some similarities in terms of their electronic configurations and chemical properties, but there are also significant differences between the elements due to variations in the number of electrons, electron configuration, and bonding behavior.
Here,
The element in Period 2 with the highest electrical and thermal conductivity is Lithium (Li), which is a metal. Metals generally have high electrical and thermal conductivity due to the mobility of their electrons, which can easily move through the lattice structure of the metal. Oxygen, Fluorine, and Nitrogen are nonmetals and do not have the same level of conductivity as metals.
Therefore, the correct answer is D. Lithium (Li).
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Determine the magnitude of the component force (f) in the figure below and the magnitude of resistant force fr : f fr i directed along the positive y _ axis scale 1 cm= 20n
Answers
Answer:
if f = 20n then force must be impatient and it must solve for nutrulization so to do that formula = 1cm = 20n is really prehalf into the stuff to calculate magnitude we will determine cosplay which will rather not do something instead its like finn balor winning nxt.
Explanation:
A company wishes to produce two types of souvenirs: Type A and Type B. Each Type A souvenir will result in a profit of $0.80, and each Type B souvenir will result in a profit of $1.60. To manufacture a Type A souvenir requires 2 minutes on Machine I and 1 minute on Machine II. A Type B souvenir requires 1 minute on Machine 1 and 3 minutes on Machine II. There are 2 hours available on Machine I and 5 hours available on Machine 11. (a) For a meaningful solution, the time available on Machine II must lie between 90 X and x min. (Enter your answers from smallest to largest.) (b) If the time available on Machine II is changed from 300 min to (300 + k) min, with no change in the maximum (150 - A) capacity for Machine 1, then Ace Novelty's profit is maximized by producing Type A souvenirs 540 5 and 2(223+ *). 3 Type B souvenirs, where -225 1x ** $ 150 X X (c) Find the shadow price for Resource 2 (associated with constraint 2). (Round your answer to the nearest cent.)
Answers
The time available on Machine II must lie between 1 minute and 3 minutes. The shadow price for Resource 2 (associated with constraint 2) is $3 per minute.
(a) To determine the range of available time on Machine II, we need to consider the constraints provided. The time available on Machine II must be between the time required for Type A souvenirs and the time required for Type B souvenirs.
Time required for Type A souvenir on Machine II: 1 minute
Time required for Type B souvenir on Machine II: 3 minutes
Therefore, the time available on Machine II must lie between 1 minute and 3 minutes.
The meaningful solution for the available time on Machine II is 1 min ≤ Machine II ≤ 3 min.
(b) To maximize the profit, we need to determine the optimal production quantities for Type A and Type B souvenirs given a change in the available time on Machine II.
Let's assume the change in available time on Machine II is represented by k.
To maximize the profit, we need to find the production quantities that maximize the total profit. Let's denote the production quantity for Type A souvenirs as x and the production quantity for Type B souvenirs as y.
The objective function for the profit can be expressed as:
Profit = 0.80x + 1.60y
Subject to the following constraints:
2x + y ≤ 120 (Machine I constraint)
x + 3y ≤ (300 + k) (Machine II constraint)
Using linear programming techniques, the optimal solution will depend on the value of k.
The statement "Ace Novelty's profit is maximized by producing Type A souvenirs 540 5 and 2(223+ *). 3 Type B souvenirs, where -225 1x ** $ 150 X X" seems to be incomplete and unclear. The specific production quantities and profit cannot be determined without knowing the value of k.
(c) To find the shadow price for Resource 2 (associated with constraint 2), we can perform sensitivity analysis.
The shadow price represents the change in the objective function's value per unit increase in the availability of Resource 2 (Machine II in this case). We can determine it by evaluating the sensitivity of the objective function to changes in the constraint.
Since the constraint is x + 3y ≤ (300 + k), the shadow price associated with Resource 2 is the coefficient of the Machine II term, which is 3.
Therefore, the shadow price for Resource 2 (associated with constraint 2) is $3 per minute.
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As you hold a book at rest in your hand two forces are being exerted on the book
Answers
Answer:
a. gravity & hand on book
b. yes - 3rd law
c. no, the are acting on the same object
Hope this helped!
Answer:
The first force is your hand holding the book up, and the other one is gravity pulling the book down. Hope i helped :D
Explanation:
You are on a skateboard not moving when your friend throws you a basketball and you catch it. The 0.50kg basketball was going 5 m/s when you catch it. You weigh 55kg with the skateboard. After you catch the basketball you, the basketball, and the skateboard are moving.
a. What is your mass with the basketball and skateboard?
b. What is your new velocity after you catch the basketball?
Answers
Answer:
a. Your mass with the basketball is 55.5 kg
b. Your new velocity is 0.045 m/s
Explanation:
We first add your weight and the basketballs weight to get 55.5 kg.
Then to find b. we use the equation: v final = (m1 * v1) / (m1 +m2)
So m1 is the basketball which is 0.5 kg and v1 is 5 m/s. So the top half is (0.5 * 5)
The bottom half is just our weights added together.
Answer:
a) 55.5 kg
b) .045 m/s
Explanation:
Using conservation of momentum, we can set the initial momentum of the skateboard-person-basketball system equal to the final momentum of the skateboard-person-basketball system.
m1 = skateboard + person = 55 kg
m2 = basketball = .50 kg
v1_i = 0 m/s
v2_i = 5 m/s
Solve for v_f (same as v1_f or v2_f since the system is moving together -- assuming perfectly inelastic collision).
m1v1_i + m2v2_i = m1v1_f + m2v2_f
m1v1_i + m2v2_i = v_f (m1 + m2)
Substitute known values into the equation.
(55)(0) + (.5)(5) = v_f (55 + .5)
2.5 = v_f (55.5)
v_f = .045 m/s
Your new velocity after catching the basketball is .045 m/s.
rita accelerates a 0.40-kg ball from rest to 9.0 m/s during the 0.15 s in which her foot is in contactwith the ball. what average force does she apply to the ball during the kick?
Answers
Rita applies an average force of 24 Newton to the ball during the kick.
What is acceleration?Acceleration is rate of change of velocity with time. Due to having both direction and magnitude, it is a vector quantity. Si unit of acceleration is meter/second² (m/s²).
Given that Rita accelerates a 0.40-kg ball from rest to 9.0 m/s during the 0.15 s.
The acceleration of the ball = change in speed / time interval
= ( final speed - initial speed) / time interval
= ( 9.0 m/s - 0 m/s)/0.15 s
= 60m/s^2.
Hence, according to Newton's 2nd law of motion:
The average force applied to the ball = mass × acceleration
= 0.40 kg × 60m/s^2.
= 24 Newton.
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What is carried by a wave?
Answers
Answer
Energy
Explanation
wave is a disturbance which travels through a medium carrying energy from one point to another without causing any permanent displacement in that medium. So energy is carried by a wave.
A jet of air issues from the nozzle with a velocity of 349 ft/sec at the rate of 5.54 ft^3/sec and is deflected by the right-angle vane. Calculate the force F required to hold the vane in a fixed position. The specific weight of the air is 0.07530 lb/ft^3.
Answers
When a jet of air issues from the nozzle with a velocity of 349 ft/sec at the rate of 5.54 ft³/sec and is deflected by the right-angle vane, the force required to hold the vane in a fixed position can be determined using the principle of linear momentum.
Given, Velocity of air, V = 349 ft/s
Volume of air, Q = 5.54 ft³/s
Density of air, ρ = 0.07530 lb/ft³
Consider the flow of air before and after it strikes the vane as shown in the diagram below. Before striking the vane, the mass of air that flows per second is:Mass = Density * Volume = ρQ = 0.07530 * 5.54 = 0.417 lb/similarly, the mass of air after striking the vane is:
Mass = Density * Volume = ρQ = 0.07530 * 5.54 = 0.417 lb
From the principle of linear momentum, the rate of change of momentum of the air before striking the vane is equal to the rate of change of momentum of the air after striking the vane.
Mathematically,Force = (Mass flow rate) x (Exit velocity - Inlet velocity)
F = Mass x (Vf - Vi)Where F is the force required to hold the vane in a fixed position, Vf is the exit velocity and Vi is the inlet velocity.
Substituting the given values of mass, inlet and exit velocities in the above formula,Force = 0.417 * (0 - 349)Force = -145.93 lbHence, the force required to hold the vane in a fixed position is -145.93 lb. The negative sign indicates that the force is acting in the opposite direction of the jet of air.
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a boy throws a ball straight up into the air. it reaches its highest point after 4 seconds.how fast was the ball going when it left the boy's hand
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The most important thing to remember about parabolic motion in physics is that when an object reaches its max height, the velocity right there at the highest point is 0. Use this one-dimensional motion equation to solve this problem:
v = v₀ + at and filling in:
0 = v₀ + (-9.8)(4.0) **I put in 4.0 for time so we have more than just 1 sig fig here**
0 = v₀ - 39 and
-v₀ = -39 so
v₀ = 39 m/s
A positive charge of 0.049 C moves horizontally to the right at a speed of 272.4 m/s and enters a magnetic field directed vertically downward. If it experiences a force of 22.394 N, what is the magnetic field strength ?
Answers
The magnitude of the force F experienced by a charge q that moves in a direction perpendicular to a magnetic field B with a speed v is given by:
\(F=qvB\)Isolate B from the equation:
\(B=\frac{F}{qv}\)Replace F=22.394N, q=0.049C and v=272.4m/s to find the strength of the magnetic field:
\(B=\frac{22.394N}{(0.049C)(272.4\frac{m}{s})}=1.6778...T\approx1.7T\)Therefore, the magnetic field strength is approximately 1.7T.
What is a software program that contains DNA profiles of convicted offenders, missing persons, crime scene evidence, and other sources?
Group of answer choices
AFIS
ABLE
CODIS
GGNST
Answers
Answer:
CODIS should be the answer
How could you increase the gravitational potential energy of an object without changing its mass and gravity?
A. Make the object larger
B. Raise the object farther off the ground
C. Lower the object towards the ground
D. Allow the object to roll on the ground
Answers
Answer:
B Raise the object farther off the ground
Help please I need help fassttttt
Answers
The distance -time graph of object D shows a linear relationship. Thus it moves with a constant speed. Whereas, object C shows a non-linear relation of distance and time thus, it moves with a changing speed.
What is velocity?Velocity is a physical quantity that measures the distance covered per unit time. Velocity is a vector quantity and is having both magnitude and direction.
Velocity is the ratio of distance to the time. Thus, if the change in distance is linear with the change in time, there will be no change in velocity and the object is said to be moving with constant velocity.
If the distance and time are non-linear thus, thus, change in distance is not coinciding with change in time, then the velocity changes each time.
Therefore, object C has a changing speed and object D has a constant speed.
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what was the history of a trebuchet
Answers
Answer:
The trebuchet was invented in France and was first reported to be used in 1124AD in the siege of Tyre (in present-day Lebanon) during the Crusades. As it was much more powerful than a catapult, a trebuchet became the siege weapon of choice.
Explanation:
Most people think that the trebuchet is a medieval weapon, but actually, it has its origins in ancient China. The ancient Chinese trebuchet could throw huge boulders up to 250 pounds, a distance of 200 feet. In addition, it was lightweight and mobile which was crucial as it could be moved around the battlefield with ease. The thing I love about the chinese trebuchet is that it pushes the boundaries of ancient engineering to create a ballistics revolution - a flexible, portable, killing machine.
what is more reactive calcium or strontium?
Answers
Answer:
Calcium is less reactive than strontium.
hope it helps
A box is 2 cm long, 3 cm wide, and 4 cm high. How many cubic centimeters of water can it hold?
(In other words, what is the volume? Don’t forget UNITS!)
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
A rock dropped off a bridge takes 5 seconds to hit the water. Which of the following best represents the rock's speed just before impact?
Answers
The rock's speed just before impact is 49 m/s and it will be the maximum speed of the rock.
What is the rock's speed before the impact?
The velocity of the rock before the impact is the final velocity of the rock and it depends on the initial velocity of the rock, time of motion and acceleration due to gravity.
The speed of the rock before the impact is calculated as follows;
v = u + at
where;
v is the final velocity of the rocku is the initial velocity of the rockt is the time of motiong is acceleration due to gravitySubstitute the given parameters and solve for the final velocity.
v = 0 + 9.8 m/s² x 5 s
v = 49 m/s
Thus, the rock's speed just before impact is 49 m/s and it will be the maximum speed of the rock.
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why are illegal drugs dangerous
Answers
Answer:
Illegal drugs are dangerous because once someone starts doing drugs they go insane for more and their demand for my drugs can be so dangerous that they would even sometimes harm the people close to them and, In some cases people start to hate them selves and some even killed themselves.
The Rodriguez family roasted marshmallows over a campfire one night. They noticed that they all had to help carry the logs to the backyard, but only one of them had to sweep up the ashes and carry them away. In other words, the mass of the ashes was much less than the mass of the original logs. The mass of the logs was 10Kg before burning and after combustion, the ashes had a mass of 1Kg
Write a CER for this please!
Answers
The total mass of the system after combustion is therefore 1Kg (ashes) + 9Kg (gases and water vapor) = 10Kg, which is the same as the total mass before combustion.
What is law of conservation of mass?Therefore, if the mass of the logs before burning was 10Kg, the total mass of the system before combustion was 10Kg (logs) + 0Kg (oxygen) = 10Kg. After combustion, the mass of the ashes was 1Kg, so the mass of the remaining gases and water vapor released into the atmosphere was 10Kg - 1Kg = 9Kg.
What are the three laws of energy conservation?There are three fundamental quantities in mechanics that are conserved. These are power, forward motion, and angular momentum.
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two rectangular tanks contain air that have a constant temperature and are connected by a single valve. one tank is holding moist air, while the other is holding dry air. once the valve is opened, what is most likely to happen?The two air masses will remain stationary and not mix. The two air masses will mix until an equilibrium is reached The moist air will become even more moist, and the dry air will become even more dry None of the answers are correct
Answers
The right response is That dry air will get drier and the moisture will get even more moist.
What are masses in maths?Mass is a physical quantity. This unit of mass measuring is an object's weight. It is measurable in conventional mass units such milligrams, kilograms, and pounds. Although smaller things are measured in grams, the kilogram is the actual SI mass unit.
What is mass in physics with example?The best way to grasp mass is the amount of matter that any item or body is made of. There is mass in everything we are able to see. A table, a chair, your bed, the ball, a cup, or even air are examples of items with mass. Everything is therefore either lighter or heavy.
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this is my question
Answers
Answer: left and applied force
Explanation:
The distance between the centers of two planets is 5 x 10^10 km, if the planets move and the distance changes to 2 x 10^10 km, what would happen to the gravitational force between the planets? Decrease or Increase. Explain
Answers
Given:
Original distance between the planets, d1 = 5 x 10¹⁰ km
Distance after the planets moved, d2 = 2 x 10¹⁰ km.
Let's determine what would happpen to the gravitational force between the planets.
Apply the formula:
\(F=G\frac{m_1m_2}{d^2}\)Let F1 be the gravitational force before the movement.
Let F2 be the gravitational force after the movement.
\(\begin{gathered} F_1=\frac{Gm_1m_2}{d^2_1} \\ \\ F_2=\frac{Gm_1m_2}{d^2_2} \end{gathered}\)Equate both equations
Now, for the two gravitational forces, we have the equations:
\(\begin{gathered} F_1=\frac{Gm_1m_2}{(5\times10^{10})^2} \\ \\ F_2=\frac{Gm_1m_2}{2\times10^{10}} \end{gathered}\)The relationship between the gravitational force between planets and the distance is:
\(F=\frac{1}{r^2}\)The gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the planets.
Thus, we have:
\(\begin{gathered} F_1=\frac{1}{(5\times10^{10})}=4\times10^{-22}\text{ N} \\ \\ F_2=\frac{1}{(2\times10^{10})^2}=2.5\times10^{-21}N \end{gathered}\)We can see the force after the movement F2 is greater than the force before the movement F1.
Therefore, the gravitational force will increase.
ANSWER:
Increase.
if an electric field of magnitude 25 V/m makes an angle of 30 degrees with a path of length 10m, then the integral of E.dl over this path has a value of ?
Answers
The value of the line integral ∫E · dl over the given path is 125√3 V.
To find the value of the line integral ∫E · dl, where E is the electric field and dl is a differential element of the path, we need to consider the dot product between E and dl along the given path.
Magnitude of the electric field (E) = 25 V/m
Angle between the electric field and the path (θ) = 30 degrees
Length of the path (l) = 10 m
The dot product E · dl can be expressed as E * dl * cos(θ), where dl * cos(θ) represents the component of dl in the direction of the electric field.
In this case, dl is the differential element along the path, so we can consider it to be dl = dx, where dx represents a small displacement along the path.
The integral of E · dl over the entire path is then given by ∫E · dl = ∫E * dx * cos(θ).
Since E and θ are constant along the path, we can take them outside the integral:
∫E · dl = E * cos(θ) * ∫dx.
The integral of dx over the path is simply the length of the path, so we have:
∫E · dl = E * cos(θ) * l.
Substituting the given values:
∫E · dl = 25 V/m * cos(30 degrees) * 10 m.
Evaluating this expression, we get:
∫E · dl = 25 V/m * √3/2 * 10 m = 125√3 V.
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An atom of lithium (Li) forms an ionic bond with an atom of chlorine (Cl) to form lithium chloride. How are the valence electrons of these atoms rearranged to form this bond?
A few valence electrons are shared between the atoms.
Many valence electrons are shared between the atoms.
Electrons are transferred from the chlorine atom to the lithium atom.
Electrons are transferred from the lithium atom to the chlorine atom.
Answers
Answer:
electrons are transferred from the lithium atom to the chlorine atom
Answer:
D
Explanation:
I just took the test :)
What would a series circuit be used for?
A. to power a battery
B. to light a lamp
C. as a voltage divider
D. convert chemical energy to thermal energy
Answers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
a series circuit would be an odd choice to power a battery or light a lamp when a direct would be much more efficient, and it's not converting types of energy, so C is the best possible answer
Compare the amount of current entering a junction in a parallel circuit with that leaving the junction. (A junction is a point where three or more conductors are joined.)
Answers
In a parallel circuit, the amount of current entering a junction is equal to the total current leaving the junction. This is known as Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) and is based on the principle of conservation of charge.
KCL states that the sum of currents entering a junction must be equal to the sum of currents leaving the junction, regardless of the number of branches or components in the circuit. In other words, the total current flowing into a junction must be equal to the total current flowing out of the junction.
This property of parallel circuits allows for the independent operation of each branch and is utilized in a wide range of applications, from household wiring to complex electronic circuits.
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The average distance between the Sun and Mercury is 58 x
106 km. Convert this distance to astronomical units
(AU), and write it with two significant figures. Include the unit
in your answer.
Answers
The average distance between the Sun and Mercury is approximately 0.39 AU. The astronomical unit (AU) is a unit of measurement commonly used in astronomy to represent distances within the solar system.
One AU is defined as the average distance between the Earth and the Sun, which is about 150 million kilometers (93 million miles). To convert the distance between the Sun and Mercury to AU, we divide the given distance (\(58 \times 10^6 km\)) by the average distance between the Sun and Earth.
\(\[\text{{Distance in AU}} = \frac{{58 \times 10^6 \, \text{{km}}}}{{150 \times 10^6 \, \text{{km}}}} \approx 0.39 \, \text{{AU}}\]\)
Rounding to two significant figures, the average distance between the Sun and Mercury is approximately 0.39 AU. This means that, on average, Mercury is about 0.39 times the distance from the Earth to the Sun.
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You have a wooden bench in your living room. You set your backpack on the bench and lean your hand against the wall. Name two action-reaction pairs that are present in this situation
Answers
The action-reaction pairs in the given situation are:
the backpack and the bench the and and the wallWhat are action-reaction pairs?Action-reaction pairs are two forces which are equal but oppositely directed in their line of action.
Action-reaction pairs are according to Newton's third law of motion.
The action-reaction pairs in the given situation are:
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