You wish to purify an ATP-binding enzyme from a crude extract that contains several contaminating proteins. To purify the enzyme rapidly and to the highest purity, you must consider some sophisticated strategies, among them affinity chromatography. Explain how affinity chromatography can be applied to the separation, and explain the physical basis of the separation
Answers
Answer:
With affinity chromatography, the specific enzyme can easily be purified. The crude extract should be in the mobile phase of the chromatography, and in the static phase, which is a solid matrix in a column, should be the ligand for the ATP binding enzyme.
As the mobile phase runs through the column containing the static phase, the ATP-binding enzyme will bind to the ligand while the other proteins will not or will bond very loosely. After this process finishes, a buffer solution washes all the weakly attached molecules present in the stationary phase. As a result, we have a matrix with the ATP-binding enzyme and ligand. To have only the enzyme, the scientist has to wash the matrix with a buffer that dissociates the enzyme-ligand union, and we obtain the enzyme in the buffer solution.
Explanation:
Affinity chromatography is a method that scientists use to separate specific molecules in a solution with different components. To separate them, it uses a particular molecule that binds to the other molecule. The strong interactions between these two elements are what make the separation from other components possible. It does not use charges or sizes like other methods, only the specific molecule.
Related Questions
What are 3 thing created by genetic engineering??
Answers
The process of a cell increasing its size, doubling its contents, dividing into 2 independent cells, and repeating the process over and over again. a meiosis b interphase c mitosis d cell cycle
Answers
Answer:Mitosis
Explanation:
Decide which of the following are true about green plants.
Green plants can make their own food.
Green plants need chlorophyll and sunlight to make food.
O Green plants get carbon dioxide from the roots.
All plants take in water and minerals from the roots
All plants have chlorophyll.
Answers
Answer:
Green plants can make their own food
Explanation:
Green plants need chlorophyll and sunlight to make food is not the answer because it also needs CO2.Green plants get carbon dioxide from the roots is not the answer because they get CO2 from the leaves through stomata.All plants take in water and minerals from the roots is not the answer.All plants do not have chlorophyll because Cuscuta is a parasitic plant that does not have chlorophyll.I hope this answer deserves a like : )
In physical map the distance was measured by
Answers
The map provides a direct description of the chromosomal DNA molecule because the distances are measured in nucleotides. On physical maps, the separation between landmarks along a chromosome is specified.
What do you understand by a physical map?In the context of genomics, a physical map is a graphic representation of the actual positions of landmarks or markers (such as genes, variations, and other interesting DNA sequences) on a chromosome.
The genetic distance along the chromosomes is measured in centimorgans, often known as genetic map units (mu) [94]. In molecular biology, the physical map method is employed to determine the physical arrangement and separation of DNA base pairs using DNA markers.
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20 POINTS
In the _____ the virus can reproduce so rapidly that it causes the cell membrane to disintegrate.
a lysogenic
b lactic
c lymphatic
d lytic
Answers
In the lytic cycle, the virus introduces its genome and replicates after that it assembles a new virus body and ruptures the cell membrane, hence option d is correct.
What are the lytic and lysogenic cycles?In a lytic cycle, the virus transfers its genome into a host cell and starts replication by seizing control of the host's cellular machinery.
When the infection is finished, the host cell is lysed, releasing the freshly duplicated and assembled virus particles into the surrounding waters.
The virus replicates by integrating its genome with the genome of the host cell during the lysogenic cycle, which is also known as a non-virulent infection.
Therefore during the lytic cycle, the virus-cell membrane is disintegrate and the lysogenic cycle happens without killing the host, hence option d is correct.
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Changing a sentence from "The cat ate the rat" to "The ata tet her at" is similar to what type of
mutation?
deletion mutation
insertion mutation
point mutation
silent mutation
Answers
1st question ??? biology
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Early groups of hunter gatherers continued to move south. They would eventually settle down in areas such as central america, with civilizations such as the Aztecs and the Mayans.
Answer: if you ask me I would say d if Im correct
Explanation:
20. Some urea diffuses out of the collecting duct, because the tubule is permeable to urea. This adaptation allows the interstitial fluid of the inner kidney to become more concentrated than the filtrate. In turn, more water is reabsorbed by blood. What a perfect system! The filtrate reaching the collecting duct is called urine. Is urine more or less concentrated than the initial filtrate
Answers
Answer:
Urine is more concentrated than initial filtrate. Urine is, in fact, four times more concentrated than initial filtrate.
Explanation:
The urinary system is the one in charge of filtrate blood and propduce urine. The main stars in the system are kidneys and the functional unit of them are the nephrons.
There are many steps in producing urine. Fluid goes between different parts of the kidney: renal tubule, renal corpuscle, bowman's capsule, etc. We have through all these parts these following steps: filtration, reabsorption to blood, secretion from blood and excretion.
From filtrate, the boody reabsorbs sodium chloride, glucose, water and amino acids. When the fluids moves down the loop of Henle, it becomes less concentrated, so it is full of water. At the end, urine is four times more concentrated than initial filtrate.
The
cloud surrounds the nucleus of the atom.
Answers
Answer:
electron cloud
Explanation:
in an atom, there is the nucleus, which is in the center of the atom, and the cloud that is surrounding it is called the electron cloud
NEED HELP ASAP! Biology
Answers
An organism's body cells ALL have the same set of Genes
Genes can be blocked by Transcription Factors
Genes can be activated by Transcription Factors
Gene off: No transcription and/or translation ---> Gene Repression = No Protein(s)
Gene on - transcription- mRNA - translation ---> Gene Expression = Protein(s)
What are gene expression and gene repression?The mechanism by which a gene is activated in a cell to produce RNA and proteins is known as gene expression. It could be determined by examining the RNA, the protein produced from the RNA, or the function of the protein in a cell.
Gene repression is the process of turning off specific genes whose byproducts are required to keep a cell functioning, such as the creation of essential cofactors or enzymes. This is crucial if the end products of these genes are short-lived, degrade, or are digested.
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A golfer hits a golf ball with a club. The mass of the ball is 0.05 kg. The ball accelerates at 2000 m/s2. What is the net force, to the nearest newton, that accelerates the ball?
Answers
Hello!
\(\large\boxed{F = 100N}\)
Use the equation F = m · a (Newton's Second Law) to solve:
We are given the mass and acceleration, so plug these values into the equation:
F = 0.05 · 2000
F = 100 N
In a female, the labia minora are two outer, hair-covered folds of skin that enclose the delicate, hair-free folds called the labia majora.
Answers
False. In a female, the labia minora are thin textured and smaller in size than the labia majora.
In female reproductive system there are labia which are folds of skin that form the vulva on the outside of the vagina. The labia consist of the labia majora and labia minora. The labia majora are elongated on both sides of the vulva. The middle part forms the pudendal slit and the outer part, is thick and fatty in texture and has fine hairs.
Labia minora are thin textured and smaller in size. Labia minora are located inside the lips of the vagina, precisely in the labia majora and surround the vaginal opening and urethra. The labia minora serve as a protective covering for the clirotis, urethra, and vagina.
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What THREE things did Robert Boyle confirm about air?
Answers
The information from the brain travels down to the effector site through
A) Sensorial neuron
B) Interneuron
C) Motor neuron
D) Oligodendrocyte
Answers
Answer:
Motor neuron
Explanation:
Motor Neurons (effector neurons) relay information from the CNS to other organs terminating at the effectors. It takes the information from the brain to the effector.
Hope it helped!!!
Human caused climate change (most notably, global warming) has many positive feedback loops intrinsic to itself. Please describe at least one of these loops and explain how it is potentially dangerous for habitability of the earth.
Answers
When we burn fossil fuels to produce electricity, heat, and more, they emit greenhouse gases (GHGs) like carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane. These gases trap the sun’s energy in Earth’s atmosphere as heat. As more and more GHGs are released, more heat gets trapped and the planet warms up, disrupting the long-standing, delicate climate systems that have made life on Earth possible.
The stronger storms and longer droughts we see becoming a dangerous new normal are a direct result. But how these impacts play off each other is far more nuanced. In many cases, the wildfires or disappearing glaciers we see in the headlines have unseen knock-on effects that lead to, well, more wildfires and disappearing glaciers.
Think of it like dominos lined up in an infinite spiral – once one domino falls, it creates a reaction that pushes over another and then another right on down the line.
Suppose in a strain of soybeans, high oil (H) content in the seeds is dominant to low oil content and four seeds (E) in a pod is dominant to two seeds in a pod. A farmer crosses two soybean plants, both with (High oil / four seeds: High oil / two seeds: Low oil / four seeds: Low oil / two seeds). What genotype were the parent plants?
Answers
The genotype of the parent plants in this cross is HhEe.
Based on the given information, we can determine the genotypes of the parent plants by examining the phenotypes of their offspring.
Let's denote the high oil content allele as H and the low oil content allele as h. Similarly, let's denote the four seeds allele as E and the two seeds allele as e.
The given parent plants have the following phenotypes:
- High oil / four seeds (unknown genotype)
- High oil / two seeds (unknown genotype)
- Low oil / four seeds (unknown genotype)
- Low oil / two seeds (unknown genotype)
From this information, we can deduce the possible genotypes of the parent plants by analyzing the inheritance patterns observed in their offspring.
If we cross two plants with the genotype HhEe (High oil / four seeds), we would expect the following ratios in their offspring:
- High oil / four seeds: 9/16
- High oil / two seeds: 3/16
- Low oil / four seeds: 3/16
- Low oil / two seeds: 1/16
Since the observed ratio matches the given phenotypes of the parent plants, it is likely that both parent plants have the genotype HhEe (High oil / four seeds).
Therefore, the genotype of the parent plants in this cross is HhEe.
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what are 2 examples of how ordinary citizins created significant social change
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Civil Rights Movement and Women's Suffrage Movement are 2 examples of how ordinary citizens created significant social change.
Civil Rights Movement in the United States: The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s saw ordinary citizens, such as Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr., and countless others, playing crucial roles in challenging racial segregation and discrimination. Through peaceful protests, civil disobedience, and grassroots activism, they brought attention to the injustices faced by African Americans and fought for equal rights, leading to significant changes in legislation and societal attitudes.
Women's Suffrage Movement: The women's suffrage movement fought for women's right to vote and brought about significant social change. Ordinary citizens, including suffragettes like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, organized rallies, protests, and campaigns to advocate for women's suffrage. Their persistent efforts, spanning several decades, eventually led to the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920, granting women the right to vote in the United States.
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Which statement best describes the relationship of photosynthesis and energy? 1. The process of photosynthesis is energy-storing because the process converts light energy into chemical energy, which is stored in the bonds of glucose. 2.The process of photosynthesis is energy-releasing because the process converts light energy into free energy that can be used for cell functions. 3.The process of photosynthesis is energy-conserving because no energy is used throughout the process of forming glucose and oxygen molecules. 4.The process of photosynthesis is energy-wasting because photosynthesis is an inefficient process that depletes the cell of energy stored in the bonds of glucose.
Answers
Answer:
3 is appropriate statement that describes photosynthesis
the correct answer for this question is 1. The process of photosynthesis is energy-storing because the process converts light energy into chemical energy, which is stored in the bonds of glucose.
What feature of bacteria makes them more capable of causing disease?
Answers
Answer:
They reproduce quickly in your body. Many give off chemicals called toxins, which can damage tissue and make you sick.
Hope this helps!
the individual blades are called a) simple leaf b) compound leaf c)leaflets d) leaf gap
Answers
The individual blades are called leaflets. The leaflets are also referred to as
foliole.
The leaflets is referred to as the individual leaf and is usually not attached
directly to the main stem of the plants.
A simple leaf has only one blade while a compound leaf has two or more
blades which are divided into parts which we call leaflets. Leaflets are
usually in groups in plants and can be plucked individually from the
branches of trees.
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What is flagellate rotation
Answers
Answer:
Bacterial flagella are filamentous organelles that drive cell locomotion. They thrust cells in liquids (swimming) or on surfaces (swarming) so that cells can move toward favorable environments.
Explanation:
why is cycling carbon important
Answers
Answer:
The carbon cycle describes the way the element carbon moves between the Earth's biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere. It is important for a few reasons: Carbon is an essential element for all life, so understanding how it moves helps us to understand biological processes and factors that influence them.
Explanation:
Answer: Emissions of Carbon and other greenhouse gasses are a majoy factor in Gloabal Warming.
Match the characteristics below to either gymnosperms or angiosperms.
____________nonflowering
_____________exposed seeds
____________garden flowers and tomatoes
______________seeds enclosed in fruit
______________pine or fir trees
______________flowering
*Choose from either Gymnosperms or Angiosperms*
Answers
Answer:
Gymnosperms:-
non-flowering, exposed seeds, pine, or fir fruit.
Angiosperms:-
flowering, seeds enclosed in fruit, garden flowers, and tomatoes
Explanation:
Gymnosperm
Nonflowering and exposed seed
Gymnosperms are the group of plants that do not possess or produce the egg in the enclosed seed which makes there seed naked or exposed
Pine or fir trees
Fir and pine are trees, and more specifically conifers, which belong to the family Pinaceae. of the gymnosperm
Angiosperms
Garden flowers and tomatoes
Tomato plants and garden flowers are the plants that belong to flowering plants or angiosperms.
Seeds enclosed in fruit
In angiosperms, there is a closed ovary that enclosed the egg to protect it. After fertilization ovary turns into a fruit.
Flowering
Angiosperms are the plants that also known as the flowering plant that means these plants are able to produce flowers that are sexual organs of the plant and help in reproduction.
What are Bald eagle homologous structures
Answers
The wing of a bald eagle is homologous to the wing of a penguin. Homologous structures are structures that are of similar evolutionary origin.
How do we explain?Homologous structures are described as anatomical features found in different species that have a common evolutionary origin. These structures may have different functions in different organisms, but they share a similar underlying structure and can be traced back to a common ancestor.
The wing of a bald eagle and the wing of a penguin are considered homologous structures because they both evolved from a common ancestral structure, even though they serve different purposes which is flight in the case of the bald eagle and swimming in the case of the penguin.
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Which describes how light waves can interact with wood
Answers
Light waves interact with wood by absorption and reflection because wood is opaque to visible light.
What are light waves?It is impossible to see through the wood, some substances are transparent to some light wavelengths but opaque to others.
Depending on the nature of the element a light wave can be transmitted, reflected, absorbed, refracted, polarized, diffracted, or dispersed when it comes into contact with a surface.
Therefore absorption and reflection describe light waves' interaction with wood.
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Which statement best explains why the development of a new area of science can lead to changes in a theory? A.A new area of science attracts new scientists who study old theories for flaws. B.A new area of science promotes experimentation from a different point of view. C.A new area of science allows old theories to be reworded using new terminology. D.A new area of science encourages scientists to replace old theories with modern ones.
Answers
A new area of science promotes experimentation from a different point of view. thus option B is correct.
What is the role of science in daily life?Cooking, eating, breathing, driving, playing, and other activities all include science. Everything we use and wear, including our brushes, toothpaste, shampoo, talcum powder, and body oils, is a result of scientific innovation. Without all of this, life is inconceivable since it has become essential.
Because everything else explains why a new field of science is developing, which might improve an existing theory but isn't precisely the "best" one, it encourages experimentation from a different angle.
Therefore, option B is most likely your outcome.
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After ingestion and digestion by the lactase enzyme, the monosaccharides glucose and galactose are taken up by cells of the small intestine.
Order these molecules from lowest to highest ability to pass through a phospholipid bilayer:
Group of answer choices
glucose, water, molecular oxygen, a sodium ion
a sodium ion, molecular oxygen, glucose, water
molecular oxygen, water, a sodium ion, glucose
glucose, a sodium ion, molecular oxygen, water
a sodium ion, glucose, water, molecular oxygen
Answers
The order of the molecules from lowest to highest ability to pass through a phospholipid bilayer is: molecular oxygen, water, a sodium ion, glucose.
The ability of molecules to pass through a phospholipid bilayer depends on their size, polarity, and charge. Here's the order from lowest to highest ability to pass through a phospholipid bilayer:
1. Molecular oxygen (O2) - small and nonpolar, can easily pass through.
2. Water (H2O) - small and polar, can pass through but slower than molecular oxygen.
3. A sodium ion (Na+) - small but charged, has difficulty passing through without help from channels or transporters.
4. Glucose - large and polar, has the lowest ability to pass through without help from specific transport proteins.
So, the correct order is: molecular oxygen, water, a sodium ion, glucose.
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Alma is planning on joining the track team this year. In preparation for the season, Alma decides she wants to start running on her own to get in shape.
One day, Alma eats a granola bar and then runs a few quick laps around the track. How does her body obtain energy from food that will help her while exercising? Drag the following events in order based on what is happening in her body’s cells as she runs.
Sequence the events so that the first event is on the top and the last event in on the bottom.
Answers
The order in which Alma's body obtains energy from the food while she exercises is A. A glucose molecule enter the body cell-A glucose molecule is broken down in the cytoplasm-smaller molecules enter the mitochondrion-Oxygen is used to break down molecules- A large amount of energy is released
How is energy obtained from food ?Cellular respiration is an exceedingly proficient process. A single glucose molecule has the potential to yield a considerable amount of energy. Cells require oxygen access to function effectively. If deprived of oxygen, cells would be unable to generate adequate energy to maintain their existence.
The cellular respiration process is intricately complicated. It requires a multitude of processes and a multitude of enzymatic reactions. The significance of possessing a multitude of mitochondria for cells cannot be understated. The organelles in charge of cellular respiration are called the mitochondria.
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Options include:
A glucose molecule enter the body cell-A glucose molecule is broken down in the cytoplasm-smaller molecules enter the mitochondrion-Oxygen is used to break down molecules- A large amount of energy is released
A glucose molecule is broken down in the cytoplasm-smaller molecules enter the mitochondrion-Oxygen is used to break down molecules- A large amount of energy is released- A glucose molecule enter the body cell
A glucose molecule enter the body cell-A glucose molecule is broken down in the cytoplasm- A large amount of energy is released-smaller molecules enter the mitochondrion-Oxygen is used to break down molecules
A glucose molecule enter the body cell-Oxygen is used to break down molecules- A glucose molecule is broken down in the cytoplasm-smaller molecules enter the mitochondrion- A large amount of energy is released
which nucleotide base is specifically modified to make a dna building block? what is the modification? what exact cofactor is used to accomplish this critical modification?
Answers
Uracil is modified to make thymine nucleotides (question 2), which involves the methylation as chemical modification (question 2) and it requires 5,10 methylene tetrahydrofolate as a cofactor (question 3).
What is the methylene tetrahydrofolate enzymatic component?The 5-10 methylene tetrahydrofolate is a cofactor used by enzymes in many different reactions which include the generation of thymine from uracil, the first being a nucleotide base exclusive of DNA, while uracil is found in RNA.
It is well known that the addition of a methyl group to the uracil nucleotide base present in RNA is able to generate thymine nucleotide base, which is exclusively found in the DNA molecule.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that thymine and uracil bases are interchangeable depending on the presence of a methyl group, which is catalyzed by enzymes that use 5,10 methylene tetrahydrofolate as a cofactor of such chemical reactions.
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The Hawaiian Islands are chain of volcanic islands nearly 2000 miles away from the nearest plate boundary. At which location does the movement of tectonic plates form isolated volcanic islands such as Hawaii?
subduction zone
divergent boundary
hot spot
transform boundary
_______________
As early as the 1600s, scientists noticed that the continents appeared to fit together like puzzle pieces. The idea that the continents were once together and had drifted apart was not widely accepted. In the 1940s, technology used on submarines led to evidence of continental movement. This radar technology allowed the scientists to do which of these?
to explain the causes of continental movement
to determine fossil evidence of continental drift
to reject theories of continental drift
to prevent further movement of continents
_________________________________
When an earthquake occurs, the speed of the seismic waves changes as they what?
are pulled by the force of gravity.
lose energy to surrounding rocks.
reflect off of boundaries.
move through different materials.
__________________________
The continental crust floats on top of the mantle because the crust is _____.
made up of oxygen which is a light element.
made of a liquid material.
separated from the mantle by a layer of water.
____________________________________
Which best describes the mantle of Earth?
a thin layer that is located on the surface
a solid layer made of iron and nickel
the largest layer between the crust and outer core
the smallest layer that is made up of molten rock
15 points.
Answers
Answer:
1. Hot spot
2. To explain the causes of continental movement
3. Move through different materials
4. Separated from the mantle by a layer of water. (Not a good answer, but the other two are entirely wrong!) It is because of density
5. The largest layer between the crust and outer core
Explanation:
Volcanoes can also form in the middle of a plate, where magma rises upward until it erupts on the seafloor, at what is called a “hot spot.” The Hawaiian Islands were formed by such a hot spot occurring in the middle of the Pacific Plate. While the hot spot itself is fixed, the plate is moving.
They based their idea of continental drift on several lines of evidence: fit of the continents, paleoclimate indicators, truncated geologic features, and fossils.
Seismic waves travel more quickly through denser materials and therefore generally travel more quickly with depth. Anomalously hot areas slow down seismic waves. Seismic waves move more slowly through a liquid than a solid.
Continental crust floats higher in the mantle than ocean crust because of the lower density of continental crust.
The mantle is about 2,900 kilometers (1,802 miles) thick, and makes up a whopping 84 percent of Earth's total volume.