You test-cross plants you suspect to be AaBb dihybrids and look at 100 offspring, with the following results: Phenotype AB 22 Ab 28 aB 29 ab 21 100 total1. You wish to test the hypothesis that the data are best explained as a dihybrid test cross AaBb x aabb. For a chi-square test, what expected number would you use for the aB class?2. Calculate the chi-square value for these data given the model that the results are from a dihybrid test cross of two genes on separate chromosomes.3. Using the chi-square table provided, determine the probability that the model would give the observed data. Degrees P Values
of freeom | 099 | 090 | 050 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.001
1 - 002 .45 2.71 3.84 6.64 10.83
2 0.02 0.21 1.39 4.61 5.99 9.21 13.82
3 0.11 0.58 2.37 6.25 7.81 11.35 16.25
4 0.30 1.03 3.36 7.78 9.49 13.28 18.47
5 0.55 1.61 4.35 9.24 11.07 15.09 20.524. Given this probability, would you accept or reject your model?
Answers
Answer:
- 002 .45 2.71 3.84 6.64 10.83
2 0.02 0.21 1.39 4.61 5.99 9.21 13.82
3 0.11 0.58 2.37 6.25 7.81 11.35 16.25
4 0.30 1.03 3.36 7.78 9.49 13.28 18.
Explanation:
From the test cross and X² test, I assume the individual is dihybrid and genes are in separate chromosomes. 1)25 aB. 2)X²=2. 3)P₀.₀₅=7.81. 4)Accept the model.
What is a test cross?A test cross is a cross we use to determine the genotype of individuals whose phenotype we already recognize.
The cross occurs between the individual of an unknown genotype and a recessive h0m0zygous individual. We want to know if the unknown genotype is heter0zyg0us or h0m0zyg0us dominant for a single gene.
Considering only one gene involved in the cross,
if the individual is heter0zyg0us, the progeny will be 50% heter0zyg0te and 50% h0m0zyg0te expressing the recessive trait.The phenotypic and genotypic ratio is 1:1
if the individual is h0m0zyg0us dominant, the whole progeny will be heter0zyg0us.Considering two genes that assort independently are test crossed,
If the individual is a dihybrid -heter0zyg0us for both genes-, the progeny will express equal phenotypic and genotypic ratio, 1:1:1:1.If more than one gene are involved, we can also determine if these genes assort independently, or if they are linked.
If genes are located in different chromosomes or are far from each other in the same chromosome, they assort independently, and their phenotypic and genotypic ratios are 1:1:1:1If these genes are linked, after the test cross, the distribution of phenotypes among the progeny differs from 1:1:1:1.When phenotypes appear in different proportions than the expected ones, we can assume that these genes are linked.
However, the difference between the observed and the expected data can be by random chance. This means that genes could assort independently, but by chance, the observed ratios vary from the expected ones.
To analyze these situations and determine is the difference is by chance or because genes are linked, we need to perform a chi-square test.
---------------------
Now, let us answer the question.
Available data:
Test cross
F1 = 100 individuals
AB 22 Ab 28 aB 29 ab 211) What expected number would you use for the aB class?
To answer this question, we assume genes assort independently, so if this is the case, genotypic ratio should be 1:1:1:1, or 25% AB : 25% aB : 25% Ab : 25% ab
100% ------------- 100 individuals
25% -------------X = (25% x 100) / 100% = 25 individuals AB
25% -------------X = (25% x 100) / 100% = 25 individuals aB
25% -------------X = (25% x 100) / 100% = 25 individuals Ab
25% -------------X = (25% x 100) / 100% = 25 individuals ab
So, accordig to our calculations, the expected number for the aB class is 25 individuals.
----------------------------
2) Calculate the chi-square value.
Model: dihybrid test cross of two genes on separate chromosomes -assort independently-.
AB Ab aB ab
Observed, O 22 28 29 21
Expected, E 25 25 25 25
(O-E)² / E 0.36 0.36 0.64 0.64
X² = Σ(Obs-Exp)²/Exp = 0.36 + 0.36 + 0.64 + 0.64 = 2
X² = 2
The chi-square value is X² = 2
-------------------------
3) Determine the probability that the model would give the observed data.
Freedom degrees = n - 1 Where n is the number of classes ⇒ 4.
Freedom degrees = 4 - 1 = 3
Significance level = 0.05
Conventionally, we use 0.05 = 5% as the significance level.
Critical value (table value) = 7.81
Considering a significance level of 0.05 and 3 freedom degrees, the critical value equals 7.81.
--------------------------
4) would you accept or reject your model?
X² = 2P₀.₀₅ = 7.81X² < P₀.₀₅ ⇒ 2 < 7.81
p value is greater than X², so there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. The ungenotype might be a dihybrid, and there might be independent assortment.
I would accept the model.
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Related Questions
A sample of well water is tested for its bacterial content in a plate count assay. A one-milliliter sample of the water is diluted in a 1:10 dilution series. One milliliter of the fourth dilution tube is plated in a pour plate. After incubation, the plate has 83 colonies, indicating that the original water sample contained
A. 830,000 cells per milliliter.
B. 83 cells per milliliter.
C. 83,000 cells per milliliter.
D. 8,300 cells per milliliter.
E. 830 cells per milliliter.
Answers
The presence of 83 colonies on the plate after incubation indicates that the original water sample contains about 830,000 cells per milliliter. The required number is option A.
Dilution is the process that helps to make the solution less concentrated. In microbiology, this helps to reduce the bacterial concentration so that it will be easier to count the colonies while plating.
Let T₁, T₂, T₃, and T₄ be the test tubes. The T₁ has a concentration of 10⁻¹ mL⁻¹, T₂=10⁻² mL⁻¹, and so on.
Let x be the number of colonies in an original water sample. Given that the T₄ has about 83 colonies per mL. And the concentration in T₄=10⁻⁴ mL⁻¹. Then,
\(\begin{aligned}\frac{\text{conc. of original water}}{\text{conc. of 4th dilution}}&=\frac{\text{colonies in original water}}{\text{colonies in 4th dilution}}\\\frac{1}{10^{-4}}&=\frac{x}{83}\\x&=83\times 10^4\end{aligned}\)
Then, the required number is 830,000 cells per milliliter. So the required option is A.
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What keywords would be used about ecosystems marine so that future scientists could access this information through description of my database.
Answers
Marine ecosystem, ocean ecology, marine conservation, and marine biodiversity are just a few of the terms and phrases connected to marine ecosystems that could be used to guide future researchers in finding material in a database.
What are the marine ecosystem's main components?The ecosystem's exposure to sunlight, the amount of oxygen and nutrients that are dissolved in the water, the distance from land, the depth, and the temperature are all significant abiotic factors. Plants, animals, and microorganisms are examples of biotic factors.
In your own words, define marine ecology.The interplay between organisms and the sea environment is referred to as a marine ecosystem. Marine refers to something generated by or from the sea or ocean. The phrase refers to the planet's salty oceans.
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Question:
What are some keywords and phrases related to marine ecosystems that could be used to guide future scientists in finding information in a database?
When the hilum of the kidney faces anteriorly, posteriorly, or laterally instead of medially, it is called
Answers
Answer:
Answer: skeletal system. When the hilum of the kidney faces anteriorly, posteriorly, or laterally instead of medially, it is called. a malrotated kidney.
Explanation:
The following growth pattern occurs under ideal conditions where organisms have no competition for space, mates or resources.
options
1.Logistical Growth
2.Linear Growth
3.Exponential Growth
Answers
Logistical growth pattern occurs under ideal conditions where organisms have no competition for space, mates or resources.
What do you mean by logistical growth?A logistic function or logistic curve is a common S-shaped curve with equation where x_{0}, the x value of the sigmoid's midpoint; L, the supremum of the values of the function; k, the logistic growth rate or steepness of the curve.
Logistic growth takes place when a population's per capita growth rate decreases as population size approaches a maximum imposed by limited resources, the carrying capacity( K).
Logistic population growth occurs when the growth rate decreases as the population reaches carrying capacity. Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals in a population that the environment can support.
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how come one type of matter can be converted to a totally different type
Answers
Answer:
the type of matter probably turned into a whole different chemical thing
Explanation:
Why is it advantageous for a redwood tree to reproduce sexually when it could reproduce asexually instead?
Answers
Sexual reproduction has several advantages over asexual reproduction, even for organisms like redwood trees that have the ability to reproduce asexually.
Genetic diversity: Sexual reproduction generates genetic diversity in offspring, as each parent contributes half of the genetic material for the offspring. This genetic diversity can allow for greater adaptability to changing environmental conditions and help the species evolve over time.
Resistance to diseases: Sexual reproduction can result in offspring that have greater resistance to diseases and pests, as they may inherit resistance genes from both parents.
More robust seedlings: Redwood seeds produced through sexual reproduction tend to develop into more robust seedlings than those produced asexually. This is because sexual reproduction allows for the shuffling and recombination of genes that can lead to more successful growth and development.
Therefore, due to Genetic diversity, resistance to diseases, and robust seedlings, it is advantageous for a redwood tree to reproduce sexually.
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why transcription and replication always happens in 5' to 3' direction?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Transcription and replication occur in the 5' to 3' direction due to the inherent structure and properties of DNA and RNA.
First, let's understand the basics of DNA structure. DNA is made up of two strands that are complementary to each other and are antiparallel. The strands are oriented in opposite directions, with one strand running in the 5' to 3' direction and the other in the 3' to 5' direction. The 5' end of a DNA strand has a phosphate group attached to the 5' carbon of the deoxyribose sugar, while the 3' end has a hydroxyl group attached to the 3' carbon of the deoxyribose sugar.
During DNA replication, the DNA molecule is unwound, and each of the original strands serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. Enzymes called DNA polymerases synthesize new DNA strands by adding nucleotides in a complementary fashion to the existing template strands. The DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand because it catalyses the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3' hydroxyl group of the last nucleotide in the growing strand and the 5' phosphate group of the incoming nucleotide. This means that DNA replication must proceed in the 5' to 3' direction, as the polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end.
Similarly, during transcription, a DNA strand serves as a template for the synthesis of an RNA molecule. RNA polymerases catalyse the synthesis of RNA by adding nucleotides to the growing RNA strand. Again, the RNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing RNA molecule. Therefore, transcription also occurs in the 5' to 3' direction.
The requirement for DNA and RNA polymerases to add nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand is a fundamental biochemical constraint based on the catalytic properties of these enzymes and the chemical structure of DNA and RNA. As a result, both transcription and replication occur in the 5' to 3' direction.
PLS MARK ME BRAINLIEST
Which of the following is an example of statistical interference?
A. having a sample size that is too large
B. calculation errors
C. selecting one demographic for surveying
D. selecting a representation of a population and translating it to a larger group
Answers
Answer:
D). Selecting a representation of a population and translating it to a larger group.
Explanation:
Statistical inference is described as the method of employing data analysis to draw conclusions about the characteristics/properties of a population on the basis of a casual sample collected from the population. Such a method is primarily employed to learn the characteristics of a large population size.
As per the question, 'selecting a representation of a population and translating it to a larger group' would exemplify statistical inference as a sample is collected as a representation of the population for learning the characteristics and applying it to the entire group. Thus, option D is the correct answer.
Click to review the online content. Then answer the question(s) below, using complete sentences. Scroll down to view additional questions. "Personality Changes Throughout Life" According to the article, how and why does personality change later in life?
Answers
Answer:
cultural identity: Aspect of identity that involves identifying oneself as part of a specific culture.
ethnic identity: Aspect of identity that involves the awareness and acceptance of being part of a particular ethnic group.
gender identity: Aspect of one's identity that involves the personal sense of being masculine or feminine.
gender roles: Social expectations for how an individual should behave and think based on one's gender assignment.
Explanation:
Answer:
Multiple studies have shown that, in general, from early adulthood to midlife people tend to have increases in the traits of conscientiousness and extraversion. Conscientiousness increased the most during people’s 20s, whereas agreeableness tended to increase the most during people’s 30s. Most personality traits show no differences between men and women, but young women do score higher than young men on neuroticism. However, neuroticism declines as women get older. The trait of openness declines over time in both men and women. The levels of change in these two traits seem to model what would make sense with adult role. Conscientiousness grows as people mature and become better at managing their jobs and relationships, and agreeableness changes most in your 30s when you’re raising a family and need to be nurturing
Explanation:
i just copied and pasted from the link to edge and it gave 100 - sorry for being late tho but good luck to future students and ily <3
Cold air usually pushes warm air because cold air has a _____________.
A. higher density
B. lower density
C. lower pressure
D. higher molecule speed
Answers
Reptiles are closely related to birds. Which of the following characteristics do birds and reptiles share?
Answers
hurrrrrrrrrryyyyyyyyyy!!!! 100 pointsssssssssss
Write an argumentative report (4-5 paragraphs long) that describes the impact humans have on the environment. Assume your audience is the general public, and your goal is to convince them to make positive changes. Be sure to also research and include details of what actions humans can take to affect positive change for the environment. Support your argument and suggestions for change with evidence from the Internet sources you have read and viewed. You do not need to use all the sources, only the ones that most effectively and credibly support your position and your calls for change.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Humans have had a significant impact on the environment in recent times, and it is essential that we take immediate action to make positive changes to protect our planet. The burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and the overuse of natural resources have led to increased carbon emissions, air and water pollution, and the destruction of habitats for wildlife. Climate change, caused by human activities, is causing sea levels to rise, extreme weather events to occur more frequently, and is affecting the biodiversity of our planet.
One of the most significant actions humans can take to affect positive change for the environment is to reduce our carbon footprint. This can be achieved by using renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, instead of fossil fuels. Additionally, individuals can reduce their carbon footprint by using public transportation, carpooling, or biking instead of driving, and by using energy-efficient appliances and light bulbs. According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, if we act now, we can still limit the global temperature increase to 1.5°C, thus avoiding the worst consequences of climate change.
Another way humans can make a positive impact on the environment is by reducing our consumption of meat and dairy. Agriculture is one of the leading causes of deforestation and water pollution. According to the World Wildlife Fund, if we all reduce our meat consumption by 50%, we could prevent the extinction of several species, increase food security, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Lastly, humans can make a positive impact by supporting companies that prioritize the environment and sustainability. Consumers have the power to vote with their dollars and support environmentally friendly products and companies. They can also advocate for more environmentally friendly policies and regulations, and support conservation efforts such as reforestation and habitat restoration.
In conclusion, humans have had a significant impact on the environment, and it is essential that we take immediate action to make positive changes to protect our planet. By reducing our carbon footprint, reducing our consumption of meat and dairy, and supporting environmentally friendly companies and policies, we can make a positive impact on the environment. It's time for us to take responsibility for our actions and make the necessary changes to protect our planet for future generations.
true or false- the cerebral cortex controls complex thoughts.
Answers
Answer:
True
Explantion:
My explanation may not be great. I just think it sounds appropriate with the word.
A fly has two alleles for the color of its eyes. The green allele is recessive, and
is represented by q. The blue allele is dominant, and is represented by p. If 28
of 100 organisms are green, what is p?
Homozygous dominant+ Heterozygous + Homozygous recessive = 1
OA. 0.72
B. 0.28
C. 0.53
D. 0.47
✓
p+2pq+q² = 1
Answers
The frequency of the dominant blue allele, represented by p, is D. 0.47. This means that 47% of the creatures in the population have the blue eye colour allele.
The equation p + 2pq + q² = 1 represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation, which describes the frequencies of alleles in a population.
In this case, p represents the frequency of the dominant blue allele, q represents the frequency of the recessive green allele, and p + q = 1 because these are the only two alleles in the population.
Given that 28 out of 100 organisms are green (q² = 28/100), we can find the value of q. Taking the square root of q², we get q = √(28/100) = 0.53.
Since p + q = 1, we can substitute the value of q to find p. Therefore, p = 1 - q = 1 - 0.53 = 0.47.
So, the value of p, representing the frequency of the dominant blue allele, is 0.47. This indicates that 47% of the organisms in the population have the blue allele for eye color. Therefore, Option D is correct.
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Explain how diffusion restored homeostasis during the dialysis treatment.
Answers
During dialysis, diffusion facilitates the movement of waste products and excess fluids out of the blood, restoring homeostasis.
During dialysis treatment, diffusion plays a crucial role in restoring homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to the body's balanced state, where the levels of various substances are maintained within a narrow range. In the context of dialysis, diffusion refers to the movement of solutes across a semipermeable membrane.In hemodialysis, the patient's blood is circulated through a dialyzer, which contains a semipermeable membrane. On one side of the membrane, the patient's blood flows, while on the other side, a dialysate fluid flows. Due to a concentration gradient, solutes like urea, creatinine, and excess electrolytes in the blood diffuse across the membrane into the dialysate fluid.This diffusion process helps remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood, bringing it closer to the normal physiological range. By restoring the balance of solutes and maintaining proper fluid levels, diffusion in dialysis aids in restoring homeostasis and promoting the overall well-being of the patient.For more such questions on Dialysis:
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The Amazon rainforest in South America is the largest rainforest ecosystem in the world. Ecuador's Yasuni National Park, which is in the Amazon rainforest, has many different species of plants, birds, and mammals.
Which statements describe the Yasuni National Park ecosystem? Select all that apply.
A) It has soil that is poor in nutrients
B) it has year-round rain and warm temperatures
C) it has many different types of organisms
Answers
Answer:
B & C, because the Amazon rainforest is warm and has rain all year. Also it has many different varieties of plants and animals. Since Yanuni National Park is in the Amazon rainforest, it would be the same.
Explanation:
Brainliest, Please! (And Happy Halloween!)
Answer:
b and c
Explanation:
because the Amazon rainforest is warm and has rain all year. Also it has many different varieties of plants and animals. Since Yanuni National Park is in the Amazon rainforest, it would be the same.
Brainliest, Please!
describe how impulse are transmitted across a synapse
Answers
A tiny electric message moves through a long part of a brain cell called the axon. When a message goes to the end of a nerve, it sends chemicals called neurotransmitters. These substances move through a tiny gap and attach to special parts of another nerve cell's outer covering.
What are the impulse?Messages called impulses are sent from one nerve cell to another through a connection called a synapse. This process is called synaptic transmission. Synapses are connections between nerve cells or between nerve cells and other cells, like muscles or glands.
The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron. When a signal travels down a nerve cell, it causes little sacs called vesicles to release chemicals called neurotransmitters.
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Pls help with these two anatomy questions
A. The calcaneus is __ to the toes
B. The scapula is __ to the sternum
Answers
The words that best complete the sentences are:
A. The calcaneus is proximal to the toes.B. The scapula is distal to the sternum.What is the Proximal?A. Proximal refers to a body part being closer to the center of the body, or closer to the point of attachment to the trunk of the body. The calcaneus, or heel bone, is proximal to the toes because it is located closer to the body and nearer to the point of attachment to the lower leg bones.
B. Distal refers to a body part being farther away from the center of the body, or farther away from the point of attachment to the trunk of the body. The scapula, or shoulder blade, is distal to the sternum, or breastbone, because it is located farther away from the center of the body and farther away from the point of attachment to the clavicle (collarbone).
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A crane has a sharp and pointed beak while the duck has a flat beak.Explain why
Answers
Answer:
The crane has a sharp and pointed beak adapted for catching and grasping prey. The sharp beak allows the crane to effectively stab and pierce its prey, such as fish, frogs, or small animals. The pointed shape helps the crane to accurately target its prey and secure a firm grip.
On the other hand, the duck has a flat beak, which is better suited for its specific feeding habits. Ducks are primarily filter feeders, and their flat beak enables them to sift through water or mud to collect small organisms, insects, and plants. The flat beak acts like a sieve, allowing the duck to strain out food particles while retaining water.
The difference in beak shape between the crane and the duck reflects their distinct feeding strategies and ecological roles. Each species has evolved its beak shape to optimize its ability to capture and consume the specific types of food sources available in their respective habitats.
Question: Characteristics of styrofoam cup before placing it in water
Subject: Science
Answers
Styrofoam cups are utensils made of polystyrene foam that are used for drinking purposes. The physical properties of the cups before placing in water are firm and hard in shape.
What are physical characteristics?Physical characteristics are the properties that are not manifested by the chemical reactions and include the measurable and visible state, including conductivity, hardness, solubility, shape, malleability, melting points, color, etc.
Styrofoam cups are thermoplastic which allows them to remain solid at RT and liquid at the boiling point. They can be arranged and molded into various shapes and sizes according to the need.
The cups are stiffer and stronger before they are placed in water, but after they are placed in water they lose their firmness and become soft.
Therefore, the styrofoam cups are solids and a little firm before placing in water.
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The Offspring produced by a cross between two given types of plants can be any of the three genotypes denoted by A, B, and C. A theoretical model of any of the three genotypes denoted by A, B, and C should be in the ratio 1:2:1. For experimental verification, 100 plants are bred by crossing the two given types. Their genetic classifications are recorded. Do these data contradict the genetic model
Answers
Complete question:
The offspring produced between two given types of plants can be any of the three genotypes, denoted by A, B and C. A theoretical model of gene inheritance suggests that the offspring of types A, B and C should be in a 1:2:1 ratio (meaning 25% A, 50% B, and 25% C). For experimental verification, 100 plants are bred by crossing the two given types. Their genetic classifications are recorded in the table below.
Genotype Observed frequency
A → 18 individuals
B → 55 individuals
C → 27 individuals
Do these contradict the genetic model?
Use a 0.05 level of significance.
Determine the chi-square test statistic.
Answer:
Do these contradict the genetic model? No, according to the chi-square test, there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis of the population being in equilibrium.
Explanation:
Available data:
Crossed genotypes: twoGenotypes among the offspring; Three → A, B, and CExpected phenotypic ratio → 1:2:1Total number of individuals, N = 100A = 18 individualsB = 55 individualsC = 27 individualsSo, let us first state the hypothesis:
H₀= the population is equilibrium for this locus → F(A) = 25%, F(B) = 50%, F(C) = 25% H₁ = the population is not in equilibriumNow, let us calculate the number of expected individuals, according to their expected ratio.
4 -------------- 100% -------------100 individuals
1 --------------- 25% -------------X = 25 individuals A
2 -------------- 50% -------------X = 50 individuals B
1----------------- 25%--------------X = 25 individuals C
A B C
Observed 18 55 27 Expected 25 50 25 (Obs-Exp)²/Exp 1.96 0.5 0.16(Obs-Exp)²/Exp
A) (18 - 25)²/25 = 49/25 = 1.96
B) (55 - 50)² / 50 = 25/50 = 0.5
C) (27 - 25)²/25 = 4/25 = 0.16
Chi square = X² = Σ(Obs-Exp)²/Exp
∑ is the sum of the terms O are the Observed individuals: 2 in chamber B, and 18 in chamber A. E are the Expected individuals: 10 in each chamberX² = ∑ ((O-E)²/E) = 1.96 + 0.5 + 0.16 = 2.62
Freedom degrees = 2
Significance level, 5% = 0.05
Table value/Critical value = 5.99
X² < Critical value
2.62 < 5.99
These results suggest that there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. We can assume that the locus under study in this population is in equilibrium H-W.
How can two species that that Look very different Form each Other be More closely relatet that other two
Answers
Answer:
not all animals from the same group have the same feature, they could differ in various ways
Explanation:
Which of the following best explains why cytosolic NADH can yield potentially less ATP than mitochondrial NADH?
Answers
The answer to the question is D. There is an energy cost for bringing cytosolic NADH into the matrix. This energy cost is not present when NADH is already in the mitochondrial matrix, which is why it can potentially yield less ATP than mitochondrial NADH.
NADH, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, is an important electron carrier molecule in cellular respiration. It can be found in both the cytosol and mitochondrial matrix. When NADH is found in the cytosol, it can potentially yield less ATP than when it is found in the mitochondrial matrix. This is because there is an energy cost for bringing cytosolic NADH into the matrix, which is one of the steps in the electron transport chain process. This energy cost is not present when NADH is already in the mitochondrial matrix.
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A. Cytosolic NADH always loses energy when transferring electrons.
B. Once NADH enters the matrix from the cytosol, it becomes FADH2.
C. Electron transfer from cytosol to matrix can take more than one pathway.
D. There is an energy cost for bringing cytosolic NADH into the matrix.
A barista is asked to make a customer an iced tea. They pour a cup of cold
water, add ice cubes and a teabag. Fifteen minutes later the brew is not yet
ready, and the customer is getting annoyed. They fetch their boss who tells
them that iced tea is made by adding the teabag to hot water first and then
cooling it down. Why is this?
Answers
One must use hot water because the temperature allows to extract the flavour in a more efficient way.
Why we must use hot water?The process of making iced tea by adding the teabag to hot water first and then cooling it down is a common practice for several reasons:
Extraction of Flavor: Hot water helps to extract the flavor compounds from the tea leaves more efficiently. When tea is steeped in hot water, the heat causes the compounds responsible for flavor and aroma to dissolve into the water more readily, resulting in a stronger and more flavorful brew.
Infusion of Tea Leaves: The hot water allows the tea leaves to fully infuse and release their flavors, oils, and other components into the water. This process contributes to a more robust and well-rounded taste profile.
Dilution and Consistency: When iced tea is made with hot water first, it is usually brewed to be slightly stronger than desired. This is because the ice added later will dilute the brew to the desired strength. By initially brewing the tea with hot water, the dilution caused by adding ice cubes ensures that the final drink is not weak or watery.
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1.Stomata are:______
A)pores in plant cells
B)pores on the leaves of a plant
C)photosynthetic organ
D)none of the above
2.Blue black coloration on leaves during test for photosynthesis is_________
A)confirmation of release of oxygen
B)confirmation of carbohydrate formation
C)confirmation of the formation of Water molecules
D)None of the above
Answers
Answer:
1) b - pores on the leaves of a plant
2) d - none of the above
Explanation:
1) Stomata are pores on the leaves of a plant that help in taking in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.
2) Blue black coloration on leaves during test for photosynthesis is used to indicate the presence of starch in leaves.
Help me out here? 10 Points!
Answers
Answer:
I did that yesterday
i can help
The genetic code is based upon a triplets, where certain codons code for the same amino acid and are therefore redundant. Suppose instead that the genetic code is based upon a doublets. Given a nucleotide composition of four unique bases, determine the total possible number of codons.
Answers
three nucleotides—called a triplet or codon—codes for one particular amino acid in the protein. The nucleotide sequence in the DNA is first transcribed into a molecule of messenger RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Every time you sample the population
during a population sampling study, you
need to
A. collect individuals randomly
B. collect only the females
C. collect the largest individuals first
D. collect only the healthiest-looking individuals
Answers
Answer:
collect randomly
Explanation:
all others are a biased sample there fore inaccurate
To move charges there needs to be a motive or
Answers
To move charges, there needs to be a motive or a driving force that facilitates the flow of electric charges through a conductor. This motive can be provided by various factors and mechanisms.
One of the primary motives for the movement of charges is the presence of an electric field. An electric field exerts a force on charged particles, causing them to move in a particular direction. This force can be generated by applying a voltage difference across a conductor, creating an electric potential difference. The charges will naturally move from an area of higher potential to an area of lower potential, driven by the electric field.
In addition to electric fields, other motives for charge movement can include electromagnetic induction, where a changing magnetic field induces a current in a conductor, and chemical reactions, such as in batteries or fuel cells, where the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy creates a motive for charge flow.
Ultimately, the motive for moving charges is provided by the presence of a force or potential difference that can overcome any resistances or obstacles in the conductor, allowing the charges to move and establish an electric current.
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1. What is cultural control? What are the practices done in this approach? What are the advantages and disadvantages of cultural control.
2. Do you think cultural approach is an effective approach in managing pest? Justify your answer
3. What is the significance of sanitation in pest management? What are the advantages of this approach?
Answers
1.a.In agriculture cultural control is the practice of modifying the growing environment to reduce the prevalence of unwanted pests. Examples include changing soil pH or fertility levels, irrigation practices, amount of sunlight, temperature, or the use of beneficial animals or insects.
1.b. Cultural control is using the production or utilization methods of a commodity with a concern for insect management. Cultural control practices are usually multipurpose technical procedures that create environments that either avoid high-risk situations for infestations or develop unfavorable conditions for pests.
1.c.Simplicity and low cost are the primary advantages of cultural control tactics, and disadvantages are few as long as these tactics are compatible with a farmer's other management objectives (high yields, mechanization, etc.).