Why does lithium have a higher ionization energy compared to sodium?
Answers
Answer:
There are 11 protons in a sodium atom but only 3 in a lithium atom, so the nuclear charge is much greater. ... The only factor left is the extra distance between the outer electron and the nucleus in sodium's case. That lowers the ionization energy.
Related Questions
A glass cup of orange juice is found to have pOH of 11.40. Calculate the concentration of the hydrogen ions in the juice.
Answers
Answer: The concentration of hydrogen ion is 2.5 x 10∧-3.
Explanation:
It is well known that; pH + pOH = 14
∴ pH + 11.40 = 14
pH = 14 -11.40 = 2.60
Remember that,
pH = - Log [ H+ ]
2.60 = - log [H+]
To get the hydrogen ion concentration, we take the anti-log of 2.60.
[H+] = Antilog 2.60 = 2.5 x 10∧-3.
chemistry A Gases unit test
Answers
Answer:
gas is composed to particles and has a mass.
BRAINLIEST AND FIVE STARS WITH A THANKS IF YOU ATLEAST ANSWER
Why are sedimentation ponds useful for reducing the affects of soil erosion?
A. They provide a place to raise fish that can be used to replace fish harmed by sedimentation.
B. They provide a water source that can be used for irrigation of crops.
C. They provide a place to collect soil sediment so that it doesn’t reach ponds, lakes and rivers.
D. They help transport soil sediments to rivers, ponds and lakes.
Answers
Answer:
I think D
Explanation:
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Sediment, as a physical pollutant, impacts receiving waters in the following principal ways: High levels of turbidity limit penetration of sunlight into the water column, thereby limiting or prohibiting growth of algae and rooted aquatic plants.
in the intestine, amino acids of the same general type compete for the same absorption sites, so a large dose of any one amino acid can limit the absorption of another
Answers
In the intestine, amino acids of the same general type compete for the same absorption sites, so a large dose of any one amino acid can limit the absorption of another. The given statement is true.
Organic substances known as amino acids have both functional groups for amino and carboxylic acids. Alpha-amino acids, which make up proteins, are by far the most significant amino acids in nature, despite the fact that there are hundreds of other types. The genetic coding only contains 22 alpha amino acids. The components of proteins are called amino acids. You need 20 of these for your body to function properly. They are the molecules that all living things require to build protein.
The use of traditional Chinese medicines at large doses has become more and more popular recently. However, the scientific significance of applying a large dose has not yet been fully elucidated.
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Identify two issues that can arise when measuring heat changes for a chemical reaction using a calorimeter.
Answers
Long-term heat loss to the calorimeter is a problem, especially for slow-moving processes.
How does a calorimeter work as a heat meter?The water iscontained in a tank whose thermal capacity and weight were predete partially rmined before the experiment began. Calculating heat and flow rates involves measuring the rise in water temperature and volume over a predetermined period of time.
What takes place when a calorimeter absorbs heat?In contrast, if the reaction absorbs heat, heat is transmitted from the calorimeter to the system, lowering the calorimeter's temperature.
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A mixture contains only NaCl and Al2(SO4)3. A 1.68-g sample of the mixture is dissolved in water and an excess of NaOH is added, producing a precipitate of Al(OH)3. The precipitate is filtered, dried, and weighed. The mass of the precipitate is 0.116 g. What is the mass percent of Al2(SO4)3 in the sample
Answers
The precipitate is collected, filtered, dried, and weighed.. The mass of the precipitate is 0.116 g.
What is dissolved?Dissolved refers to a solute that is completely dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a homogeneous mixture. When a solute, such as a salt, is dissolved in a solvent, such as water, the molecules of each component are dispersed evenly throughout the mixture. This process can be reversed by evaporating the solvent, leaving the solute behind. The amount of solute that can be dissolved in a particular solvent is known as its solubility.
Mass of Al2(SO4)3= Mass of sample- Mass of precipitate
Mass of Al2(SO4)3= 1.68-0.116=1.564 g
Percent of Al2(SO4)3= (1.564/1.68)*100= 93.45 %
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In a chemical reaction, mass is conserved. This means that...
O A. The mass of the reactants stays the same during a chemical reaction
OB. The mass of the products stays the same during a chemical reaction
OC. The tpye and number of atoms in the reactants equals the type and number of atoms in the products
OD. The mass of the products is always twice the mass of the reactants
Answers
Answer: D
Explanation:
True or false. test tubes, spot and/or well plate will be used to combine substances in bottles and form a reaction.
Answers
The answer is true.
What is a Chemical reaction?Chemical reaction is the transformation of one or more chemicals (the reactants) into one or more distinct compounds (the products). Chemical elements or chemical compounds make up substances. In a chemical reaction, the atoms that make up the reactants are rearranged to produce various products.When one or more chemicals are transformed into one or more other compounds, a chemical reaction takes place. Example: the formation of rust when iron and oxygen combine. Sodium acetate, carbon dioxide, and water are produced when vinegar and baking soda are combined.Nuclear reactions are processes involving the atomic nucleus. Reactants are the chemicals that take part in a chemical reaction. The resulting materials are referred to as products. The reactants' characteristics are different from those of the products. Also Known As: Chemical Change, Reaction.
True or false. test tubes, spot and/or well plate will be used to combine substances in bottles and form a reaction.
The answer is true.
All are related to reactions their monitoring and purification.
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What name is given to substances (both soluble and insoluble) such as metal hydroxides and metal oxides that can neutralise acids?
Answers
The name given to the substance such as metal hydroxides and metal oxides that can nuetralise acids is Base or Alkali.
A base is a proton-accepting molecule or ion, according to chemists. That makes OH- a base. They continue to refer to bases dissolved in water as "alkali." Sodium hydroxide, for example, dissolves in water and separates into Na+ and OH-ions. The result is an alkali, and it is a source of the base OH-.
Some properties of bases are given below:
Bases taste bitter Bases release a hydroxide ion in a water solution.Bases neutralise acids in a neutralisation reaction Bases denature protein Bases turn red litmus to blueLearn more about bases here:
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What are the three bacterial shapes?
List the five types and draw an example of each one
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Answers
Answer:
Ans1) Common Shapes of Bacteria
Coccus: spherical or round
Bacillus: rod shaped
Spiral: curve, spiral, or twisted
Ans2) Bacteria are classified into five groups according to their basic shapes:
spherical (cocci),
rod (bacilli),
spiral (spirilla),
comma (vibrios) or corkscrew
(spirochaetes)
4.- Fluorine gas initially at 12 L, .9 atm, and 35°C undergoes a change so that its final volume and temperature are 7 L and 25°C. What is its final pressure? Moles remain the same.
Answers
To solve this problem, we can use the combined gas law:
(P1 x V1) / (T1) = (P2 x V2) / (T2)
Where P1, V1, and T1 are the initial pressure, volume, and temperature, and P2, V2, and T2 are the final pressure, volume, and temperature.
We are given the initial values for P1, V1, and T1, and the final values for V2 and T2. We need to solve for P2.Substituting the given values into the equation, we get:
(0.9 atm x 12 L) / (35°C) = (P2 x 7 L) / (25°C)
Simplifying and solving for P2, we get:
P2 = (0.9 atm x 12 L x 25°C) / (35°C x 7 L)
P2 = 1.23 atm
Therefore, the final pressure of the fluorine gas is 1.23 atm.
To find the final pressure of the fluorine gas, you can use the combined gas law formula, which is:
(P1 × V1) / T1 = (P2 × V2) / T2
Given initial conditions: P1 = 0.9 atm, V1 = 12 L, and T1 = 35°C
Final conditions: V2 = 7 L, and T2 = 25°C
First, convert the temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin:
T1 = 35°C + 273.15 = 308.15 K
T2 = 25°C + 273.15 = 298.15 K
Now, plug the values into the combined gas law formula and solve for P2 (final pressure):
(0.9 atm × 12 L) / 308.15 K = (P2 × 7 L) / 298.15 K
Rearrange the equation to solve for P2:
P2 = (0.9 atm × 12 L × 298.15 K) / (308.15 K × 7 L)
P2 ≈ 1.106 atm
The final pressure of the fluorine gas is approximately 1.106 atm.
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4A1 + 302 →
2Al2O3. How many grams of oxygen (O2)
are needed to produce 95 grams of
aluminum oxide (Al2O3)?
Answers
Answer: 44.706g Al2O3
Explanation:
4A1 + 302 → 2Al2O3
3×(16×2) 2{(27×2)+(16×3)}
= 96 = 204
So
To produce 204g of Al2O3,We need . 96g of O2
To produce 1g of Al2O3,We need
. (96÷204)= 0.47g of O2
To produce 95g of Al2O3,We need
. (0.47×95)= 44.706g of O2
.
So, 44.706 grams of oxygen (O2)
are needed to produce 95 grams of
aluminum oxide (Al2O3).
Barium-131 is used in the detection of bone tumors. The half-life of barium-131 is approximately 12 days. How long will it take for the radiation level of barium-131 to drop to 1/4 of its original level?.
Answers
Barium-131's radiation level won't reach 1/4 of its initial level for 24 hours.
ln[A] t = -kt + ln[A] 0 is the integrated rate rule for the first-order reaction A's products.
A straight line is produced when the natural log of [A] is plotted as a function of time since this equation has the form y = mx + b.
How is the length of a half-life determined?
The amount of time needed for the reactant concentration to drop to half its initial value is known as the half-life of a reaction. A first-order reaction's half-life is a constant that is correlated with its rate constant:
t 1/2 = 0.693/k.
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A clown is trying to lift a refrigerator of wigs a height of 2 meters. It would take him a force of 80
Newtons to lift the fridge without a simple machine.
a. How much work would be required to lift this
fridge of wigs without a machine? Don’t forget
a unit for your answer!
b. Assuming no friction, how much effort force would be required to lift the fridge of wigs with a lever that has a mechanical advantage of 4? Don’t forget a unit for your answer!
Answers
a. The work required to lift the fridge of wigs without a machine is 160 Joules. b. The effort force required to lift the fridge of wigs with a lever that has a mechanical advantage of 4 is one-fourth (1/4) of the weight of the fridge.
What is work?Work is defined as the energy transferred to or from an object by means of a force acting on the object, causing it to move in the direction of the force.
a. To lift the fridge of wigs without a machine, the clown would need to apply a force of 80 Newtons over a distance of 2 meters. The work done would be given by the formula:
Work = Force x Distance
Therefore, the work required would be:
Work = 80 N x 2 m = 160 Joules
So, the work required to lift the fridge of wigs without a machine is 160 Joules.
b. If the lever has a mechanical advantage of 4, it means that the effort force required would be one-fourth (1/4) of the weight of the fridge of wigs. Since the weight of the fridge is not given, let's assume it to be W Newtons.
According to the principle of the lever, the product of the effort force and its distance from the fulcrum is equal to the product of the load force (the weight of the fridge) and its distance from the fulcrum. Assuming that the effort force is applied at a distance of 0.5 meters from the fulcrum, we can write:
Effort force x 0.5 m = (1/4)W x 2 m
Simplifying the equation, we get:
Effort force = (1/4)W x 2 m / 0.5 m = (1/4)W x 4
Effort force = W Newtons / 4
Therefore, the effort force required to lift the fridge of wigs with a lever that has a mechanical advantage of 4 is one-fourth (1/4) of the weight of the fridge.
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Bella is writing a research paper on ocean currents. Which two sources should she consult?
Answers
Articles published by universities or government agencies. 3. Article published in 2015 and updated a research week ago.
Which two sources should she consult?When it comes to digging deeper into scientific research, books and scientific journals are usually your best bet. Academic journals are often the best place to find reliable and authoritative content and are considered one of the most authoritative sources to use when writing academic papers.Most studies use both primary and secondary sources. They complement each other and help build a compelling argument. Primary sources are more reliable as evidence, while secondary sources show how your research relates to existing research. Books provide more detailed information than encyclopedias or websites. It is written by authors selected by publishers for their expertise and is therefore a reliable source of information. Information is also checked by other experts and editors before publication.To learn more about research from the given link:
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What type of weather is typically associated with the air pressure system located
near Salem?
Answers
According to common weather maps of the region surrounding Salem, Massachusets, the weather typically associated with the air pressure system is rain.
Air pressure systems define areas where the interaction between temperatures and air currents creates weather. Air pressure systems can be of two types:
Low-pressure systemsHigh-pressure systemsGiven the nature of warm air and its tendency to rise, warmer regions tend to fall under the low-pressure system category. These systems, due to the movement of the warm air, have lower pressure at their center than in the areas surrounding them.
As the wind blows towards the low-pressure air systems, the cooler and warmer air meet within the atmosphere, which causes the water vapor to condense and form clouds. Oftentimes, these clouds then precipitate, causing rain.
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EZ POINTS HELP PLEASE
Identify the CORRECT statement below:
A. The mass number of an atom is the number of electrons plus protons in the atom.
B. Atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
C The neutron has a negative charge.
D Two different elements can have the same number of protons.
Answers
Answer:
I`m pretty sure that B is right
Explanation:
Which is NOT TRUE of minerals? They cannot be made by any plant or animal. They are in the simplest chemical form when we eat them. The minerals in our food supply come from our environment and the earth. They are broken down when exposed to heat and oxygen.
Answers
The correct answer is (d) They are broken down when exposed to heat and oxygen.
The minerals are inorganic substances which are obtained from earth's crust. It is a naturally occurring inorganic element or compound having an orderly internal structure and characteristic chemical composition, crystal form, and physical properties.
Common minerals include quartz, feldspar, mica, amphibole, olivine, and calcite. They are used by plants and animals to perform various physiological functions. Plants obtain minerals from the soil. Animals get minerals from plants or other animals.
Therefore, options (a), (b), and (c) are correct because minerals are not produced by plants and animals. Minerals are in their simplest chemical form, and minerals are obtained from the earth's crust and environment. They are not broken down when exposed to heat and oxygen. So, option (d) is incorrect. Hence, the correct option is (d) They are broken down when exposed to heat and oxygen.
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Which is a better nucleophile?
CH3O- or CH3OH in DMSO
Answers
In DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), the better nucleophile between CH3O- (methoxide ion) and CH3OH (methanol) is CH3O-.
Nucleophilicity is a measure of a species' ability to donate an electron pair and form a new bond with an electrophile. Factors that influence nucleophilicity include charge, electronegativity, and the solvent in which the reaction takes place.
In this case, CH3O- has a negative charge on the oxygen atom, making it a stronger nucleophile compared to CH3OH, where the oxygen atom only has a lone pair of electrons without any formal charge. The negative charge on the oxygen in CH3O- indicates a higher electron density, which increases its ability to donate electrons and form a bond with an electrophile.
Additionally, DMSO is a polar aprotic solvent, meaning it does not have any acidic protons that can participate in hydrogen bonding. Polar aprotic solvents tend to favour the nucleophilicity of anions over neutral species like CH3OH. This further supports CH3O- being the better nucleophile in DMSO compared to CH3OH.
In summary, CH3O- is a better nucleophile than CH3OH in DMSO due to its negative charge and the solvent's polar aprotic nature, which enhances the nucleophilicity of charged species.
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What are the three basic forms of matter?
Answers
Answer:
Solid, Liquid, and Gas!
Explanation:
Identify a cation. Group of answer choices an atom that has lost a proton. an atom that has gained an electron an atom that has lost an electron an atom that has gained a proton.
Answers
Answer: An atom that has gained an electron.
Explanation:
The number of protons in an atom cannot change except for some exceptional circumstances.
Cations (or metal ions) are formed when atoms lose electrons, as they want to form a complete outer electron shell to become as stable as possible.
For example, potassium is a 1+ ion, because it has one electron in its outer shell (and in group one). Therefore, to become more stable that electron is lost to become an ion or cation. As one electron is lost, the potassium cation charge is 1+ as the charge of an electron is 1-.
I need some help with this. I’m so confused on what to do and an explanation to what the answer is and why would be ideal.
Answers
Answer:
who do I submit my questions to there is no submit or done sign I download this app for help not to waste my money and time. I need help with math please don't let us start off on the wrong foot
what is the difference between nitrite and nitrate
Answers
Answer:
Nitrite:
Formula : NO₂⁻1 nitrogen molecule and two oxygen molecules with an excess electron.Angular shapeNitrate:
Formula: NO₃⁻1 nitrogen molecule and three oxygen molecules with an excess electron.Trigonal planar structure.\(\rule[225]{225}{2}\)
Hope this helped!
~AH1807why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water? a) the majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. b) the majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. c) they exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity. d) they are less dense than water.
Answers
Water is a polar molecule due to its bent molecular geometry and the electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen.
The oxygen atom in water is more electronegative than hydrogen, resulting in an uneven distribution of charge within the molecule.Since the majority of hydrocarbon bonds are nonpolar, they do not readily interact with polar substances like water. The nonpolar nature of hydrocarbons leads to a lack of significant electrostatic interactions between the hydrocarbon molecules and water molecules. As a result, hydrocarbons are generally insoluble in water.It is important to note that option c) they exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity, and option d) they are less dense than water, are not accurate explanations for the insolubility of hydrocarbons in water. The solubility of hydrocarbons in water primarily depends on the polarity of the hydrocarbon molecules and their ability to interact with water molecules.
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Calorimeter initially contains 225.0 ml of water at 18.6oc. when 0.722 g li is added to the water, the temperature of the resulting solution rises to a maximum of 53.4oc. the reaction that occurs is:________
Answers
The reaction that occurs when lithium (Li) is added to water is a single displacement reaction.
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
2Li + 2H₂O -> 2LiOH + H₂
In this reaction, lithium (Li) displaces hydrogen (H) from water, and forms lithium hydroxide (LiOH) by releasing hydrogen gas (H₂).
From the given information, the calorimeter initially contains 225.0 ml of water at 18.6°C. When 0.722 g of lithium (Li) is added to the water, the temperature of the resulting solution rises to a maximum of 53.4°C.
The reaction between lithium and water is highly exothermic, means it releases a significant amount of heat. The rise in temperature observed in the calorimeter is due to the heat released during the reaction between lithium and water.
Hence, the reaction that occurs when 0.722 g of lithium is added to the water in the calorimeter is the single displacement reaction between lithium and water, resulting in the formation of lithium hydroxide (LiOH) and the release of hydrogen gas (H₂).
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Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq) --> MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
Use the balanced chemical equation above to determine the number of moles of hydrogen gas that would be produced if 3.50 moles of solid magnesium reacted. please show all work and record your answer with proper units and significant figures.
Pls help
Answers
Answer:
2Mg + 4HCl (aq) --> 2 MgCl2 (aq) + H2
Explanation:
balanced...
What is the maxlmum number of electrons that can be present in each principal energy level of hydrogen?
Answers
Answer:
Two electrons
Explanation:
8) F2(g) + CaBr2(g) -> CaF2(g) + Brz(g)
What type of reaction is shown above?
A) synthesis
B) decomposition
C) single replacement
D) double replacement
Answers
) What is the pH of 0.001 M LiOH?
Answers
The pH of 0.001 M LiOH is 11.
What is pH?
pH is negative logarithm of concentration of H⁺ ions. pH is a scale that has a range of 0 to 14. 0 to 6 range represents acidic solution whereas 8 to 14 range represents basic solution. 7 value of pH represents neutral solution.
pH is very useful for our daily life. There must be a balanced pH for the water we drink or in our blood or in our surrounding air or soil etc.
It can be represented as-
pH = -log[H⁺]
pH = 14 - pOH
Given,
Concentration of LiOH = [OH] = 0.001 M
pOH = -log[0.001] = 3
Hence, pH = 14 - 3 = 11
Therefore, the pH of 0.001 M LiOH is 11.
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If the solubility of calcite decreases with increasing water temperature, how can this help in washing clothes
Answers
The solubility of calcite decreases with increasing water temperature, this can help in washing clothes as the calcite will get deposited at the bottom because of its less solubility and clothes can be washed easily.
Calcite also known as calcium carbonate is nearly insoluble in water because of the strong electrostatic force of attraction that exists in the calcium carbonate molecules. Thus, when a system's water temperature rises, less carbon dioxide (CO₂) dissolves in the water, which leads to calcite precipitating. The degree of solubility of calcium carbonate falls as the water temperature rises.
Hence, when the temperature rises the calcite precipitates and thus gets deposits at the bottom, and hence for hard water circumstances, which have an acidic environment, calcium carbonate soaps are excellent. To eliminate undesirable, intractable stains, calcium carbonate generates an alkaline medium that is perfect for detergents. Thus clothes are washed easily.
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