which of the statements below is not part of the scientific method? a. observation and measurement b. formation of a hypothesis c. testing of a hypothesis by experimentation d. refinement of a hypothesis as needed e. all of the above steps are part of the scientific method.

Without hybridization, boron can form 4 bonds

Hybridisation is phenomenon of combining two atomic orbitals to give a new degenerate hybrid orbital which have same energy levels. Hybridization increases the stability of bond formation than unhybridized orbitals. We can predict the shape of molecules by its hybridization.

With hybridization , boron can form 3 bonds.

Hence, without hybridization, Boron donates the lone pair of electrons to form the fourth bond. In addition to that Boron is a second period element hence, which makes it small in size and d-orbitals are unavailable as well. Hence, Boron can only form 4 bonds with hybridization.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

Because mol of water is high

The number of millimoles of acetate (the conjugate base of acetic acid) needed is 3162.28 mmol

This is simply a measure of the acidity / alkalinity of a solution.

The pH measures the hydrogen ion concentration while the pOH measures the hydroxide ion concentration

pH = pKa + Log[conjugate]/[acid]

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

pH = pKa + Log[conjugate]/[acid]

5.09 = 4.74 + Log[conjugate]/ 10

Collect like terms

5.09 - 4.74 = Log[conjugate] / 10

0.35 = Log[conjugate] / 10

Cross multiply

Log[conjugate] = 0.35 × 10

Log[conjugate] = 3.5

Take the anti-log

[conjugate] = anti-log 3.5

[conjugate] = 3162.28 mmol

Thus, the number of millimoles of acetate (the conjugate base of acetic acid) needed is 3162.28 mmol

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Given the reaction N2 + 3H2 -->2NH3, what volume of hydrogen is necessary to react with five liters of nitrogen to produce ammonia, assuming constant temperature and pressure? How would you calculate the mass in grams of hydrogen chloride produced when 4.9 L of molecular hydrogen at STP reacts with an excess of chlorine gas.?

Answer:

Using Phosphoric acid will work perfectly for producing Hydrogen halides because its not an Oxidizing agent. ...

Using an ionic chloride and Phosphoric acid

H3PO4 + NaCl ==> HCl + NaH2PO4

H3PO4 + NaI ==> HI + NaH2PO4

H2SO4 + NaCl ==> HCl + NaHSO4

This method(Using H2So4) will work for all hydrogen hydrogen halide except Hydrogen Iodide and Hydrogen Bromide.

The Sulphuric acid won't be useful for producing Hydrogen Iodide because its an OXIDIZING AGENT. Whist producing the Hydrogen Iodide... Some of the Iodide ions are oxidized to Iodine.

2I-² === I2 + 2e-

Explanation:

Answer:

The strength of an electric field as created by source charge Q is inversely related to square of the distance from the source. This is known as an inverse square law. Electric field strength is location dependent, and its magnitude decreases as the distance from a location to the source increases

Answer:

Approximately \(21\; \rm g\).

Explanation:

\(\rm H_2SO_4\) (a diprotic acid) reacts with \(\rm NaOH\) (a monoprotic base) at a one-to-two ratio:

\(\rm 2\; NaOH\, (s) + H_2SO_4\, (aq) \to Na_2SO_4\; (aq) + 2\; H_2O\, (l)\).

In other words, if \(n(\mathrm{NaOH})\) and \(n(\mathrm{H_2SO_4})\) represent the number of moles of the two compounds reacted, then:

\(\displaystyle \frac{n(\mathrm{H_2SO_4})}{n(\mathrm{NaOH})} = \frac{1}{2}\).

Look up the relative atomic mass data on a modern periodic table:

Calculate the (molar) formula mass of \(\rm H_2SO_4\) and \(\rm NaOH\):

\(M(\mathrm{H_2SO_4}) = 2 \times 1.008 + 32.06 + 4 \times 15.999 = 98.072\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}\).

\(M(\mathrm{NaOH}) = 22.990 + 15.999 + 1.008 = 39.997\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}\).

Calculate the number of moles of formula units in that \(33.8\; \rm g\) of \(\rm NaOH\):

\(\begin{aligned}n(\mathrm{NaOH}) &= \frac{m(\mathrm{NaOH})}{M(\mathrm{NaOH})} \\ &= \frac{33.8\; \rm g}{39.997\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}} \approx 0.845\; \rm mol\end{aligned}\).

Apply the ratio \(\displaystyle \frac{n(\mathrm{H_2SO_4})}{n(\mathrm{NaOH})} = \frac{1}{2}\) to find the (maximum) number of moles of \(\rm H_2SO_4\) that would react with the \(33.8\; \rm g\) of \(\rm NaOH\):

\(\begin{aligned}n(\mathrm{H_2SO_4}) &= \frac{n(\mathrm{H_2SO_4})}{n(\mathrm{NaOH})} \cdot n(\mathrm{NaOH})\\ &= \frac{1}{2} \times 0.845 \approx 0.4225\; \rm mol\end{aligned}\).

Calculate the mass of that \(0.4225\; \rm mol\) of \(\rm H_2SO_4\):

\(\begin{aligned}m(\mathrm{H_2SO_4}) &= n(\mathrm{H_2SO_4}) \cdot M(\mathrm{H_2SO_4})\\ &= 0.4225 \; \rm mol \times 98.072\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1} \approx 41.435\; \rm g \end{aligned}\).

When the maximum amount of \(\rm H_2SO_4\) is reacted, the minimum would be in excess. Hence, the minimum mass of

\(62\; \rm g - 41.435\; \rm g \approx 21\; \rm g\) (rounded to two significant figures.)

Those little lines on instrument are called markings or readings and make it easier to measure a substance.

These are the lines which are usually found on an instrument and signifies the pattern or the appropriate measurement which is contained in it. It is found in measuring instruments such as ruler etc and in some musical instrument.

The markings are usually very accurate so as to ensure that the results gotten are the same in any part of the world. This helps to reduce confusion and other issues which may arise from it thereby making it the most appropriate choice.

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Answer:

45 degrees at 29 so 105 is lower than 45 and 105 wants to be 32 so 45 can be higher. so then the water vapor will be 35 because 105 is too much of water gallon

Answer:

143°C = 416K

N of the given NaOH solution is 0.015 N

To find M of the NaOH solution:

Given: 0.600 g/dl solution of NaOH.

Mass of NaOH = 0.600 gVolume = 1 L.

1L of NaOH solution contains 0.600 g NaOH.

Molar mass of NaOH = 40 g/mol

Number of moles of NaOH = Mass of NaOH / Molar mass of NaOH

= 0.600 g / 40 g/mol = 0.015 mol/L

Thus, Molarity (M) of NaOH = 0.015 mol/L.

To find N of the NaOH solution: Normality, N = M × n.

Where M is molarity of solution and n is the number of equivalents of solute in 1 L of solution.NaOH is a monobasic base and it produces 1 H+ ion on dissociation.

Thus, n = 1N = M × n= 0.015 mol/L × 1 equivalent/L= 0.015 N. Therefore, N of the given NaOH solution is 0.015 N.

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Answer:

The resulting solution is basic.

Explanation:

The reaction that takes place is:

First we calculate the added moles of HNO₃ and KOH:

As there are more KOH moles than HNO₃, the resulting solution is basic.

The resulting solution is basic.

• It is known that KOH is a base and HNO3 is an acid, so when they mix they undergo a neutralization reaction.  

• The reaction between there will be,  

HNO3 + KOH ⇔ KNO3 + H2O

Based on the given information,

• The volume of HNO3 is 12.5 ml and the molarity is 0.280 M, and the volume of KOH is 5 ml and the molarity is 0.920 M.

Now 1 mole of HNO3 completely reacts with 1 mole of KOH,

The millimoles of HNO3 is,

\(= Molarity * Volume (in ml)\\= 0.280 * 12.5\\= 3.5 mmol\)

The millimoles of KOH is,

\(= Molarity * Volume (in ml)\\= 0.920 * 5.0\\= 4.6 mmol\)

Now it can be seen that 3.5 millimoles of HNO3 completely reacts with 3.5 millimoles of KOH. Now we are left with 4.6-3.5 = 1.1 mmol of KOH.

Thus, KOH is in excess amount present in the solution, and as it is basic in nature, therefore, the resultant solution would be basic in nature.

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When a substance undergoes a chemical reaction in a closed system, mass and energy will not change.

A closed system in the thermodynamic system is considered such a system in which energy can easily either enter or leave the system while mass is preserved within the system's borders.

In the same way, in chemistry, such system which enables energy transfer but does not allow reactants or products to enter or exit is considered a Closed System.

In the case of chemical reactions, usually, heat and light are considered Reactants and products.

So, when a substance undergoes a chemical reaction, then in that case the mass and the energy will not change.

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Answer:

a) Platinum > Beryllium > Aluminum > Magnesium > Potassium > Cesium

b) Cesium > Potassium > Magnesium > Aluminum > Beryllium > Platinum

c) Cesium > Potassium

Explanation:

We must recall that the frequency of an electromagnetic wave is directly proportional to its energy. Hence as the work function of the metal increases, the minimum frequency required for emission of electrons occur increases accordingly.

Similarly, the maximum wavelength required for electron emission to occur varies inversely as the work function of the metal hence the answer provided.

Lastly, only caesium and potassium has work function less than the energy of the incident photon hence only these two metals experience electron emission with the kinetic energy of electrons emitted from caesium greater than that emitted from potassium.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

It is run by Elon Musk, who is determined to get to Mars.

The position and energy of an electron are intricately linked in the quantum realm.

The position of an electron is related to its energy through the principles of quantum mechanics. According to the Bohr model, electrons occupy specific energy levels or orbitals around the nucleus of an atom. These energy levels are quantized, meaning they can only have specific values. Electrons with lower energy are found closer to the nucleus in lower energy levels, while those with higher energy occupy outer energy levels. The energy of an electron is directly proportional to its distance from the nucleus. As the electron transitions between energy levels, it either absorbs or emits energy in discrete quantities known as photons. The energy of an electron can also be influenced by external factors such as electric and magnetic fields.

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The right response is C) A person commutes to work on a bicycle or by taking public transit. This is an illustration of a sustainable behaviour that people or families may adopt since it lessens their carbon footprint and promotes energy conservation.

People may decrease their dependency on vehicles, which are a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, by adopting a bicycle or public transit. This promotes a healthier environment and lowers air pollution.

Additionally, users may save money on petrol and automobile maintenance by switching from driving to public transit. People may also lessen their reliance on oil, which is a limited resource, by using bicycles or public transit. This environmentally friendly method can assist to protect the environment.

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From the solution that we have in the question;

The equilibrium constant, denoted as K, is a value that quantitatively represents the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium in a chemical reaction.

It is a fundamental concept in chemical equilibrium.

The value of the equilibrium constant provides valuable information about the position of equilibrium and the relative concentrations of species involved in a chemical reaction.

Kc = [X] [Y]/[XY]

\(0.25 = (0.1 + x)^2/(0.5 - x)\)

\(0.25(0.5 - x) = (0.1 + x)^2\)

\(0.125 - 0.25x =0.01 + 0.2x + x^2\\ x^2 + 0.45x - 0.115 = 0\)

x = 0.18 M

The equilibrium amount of X and Y=  0.28 M and the equilibrium concentration of XY = 0.32 M

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Based on the answer to the question that we have;

The ratio of the product to reactant concentrations in a chemical reaction at equilibrium is represented quantitatively by the equilibrium constant, abbreviated as K.

It is a cornerstone of the theory of chemical equilibrium.

A chemical reaction's equilibrium position and the relative concentrations of the species involved can both be learned from the equilibrium constant's value.

Kc = [X][Y]/[XY]

\(0.25 = (0.1 + x)^2/(0.5 - x)\\0.25(0.5 - x) = (0.1 +x)^2\\0.125 - 0.25x = 0.01 +0.2x +x^2\\= 0.18 M\)

The equilibrium concentration of;

XY =0.5 - 0.18

=0.32 M

Then the equilibrium amount of

X and Y is

0.1 + 0.18= 0.28 M.

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The element that has chemical properties most similar to sodium is d. rubidium.

What is rubidium?

Rubidium is in the same group (group 1) as sodium in the periodic table and has similar chemical properties, such as reactivity with water and the tendency to form ionic compounds with halogens. Magnesium, oxygen, and phosphorus are not in the same group as sodium and have different chemical properties.

What is periodic table?

The periodic table is a tabular display of all known chemical elements, arranged according to their atomic structure and properties. It is arranged in rows and columns, with elements placed in order of increasing atomic number, which is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. The periodic table is a powerful tool for predicting the chemical behavior of elements and for understanding the relationships between different elements. It is used extensively in chemistry, physics, and other sciences to help understand the properties and behavior of different elements, and to guide research and development in many different fields.

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Answer:

Question #1: How many valence electrons in Aluminum? Is it 3?

------> Yes, aluminum has 3 valence electrons.

Question #2: How many valence electron in Sulfur? Is it 6?

-----> Yes, sulfur has 6 valence electrons.

Question #3: What type of bonds do these form? Is it covalent or ionic?

-----> Covalent bonds generally occur between 2 nonmetals. Ionic bonds generally occur between a metal and a nonmetal. Aluminum is a metal and sulfur is a nonmetal. Therefore, an ionic bond would form.

Question #4: How many aluminum atoms will you need? 1, 2, or 3?

-----> Atoms become ions in order to achieve a full octet of valence electrons (8 valence electrons). Since aluminum atoms have 3 valence electrons, they are likely to donate these electrons during ionization. As such, aluminum ions look like this: Al³⁺. Since sulfur atoms have 6 valence electrons, they are likely to receive 2 electrons during ionization. As such, sulfur ions look like this: S²⁻.

-----> The ionic compound formed will be Al₂S₃. There would be 2 aluminum atoms because this arrangement allows for the ionic compound to have an overall charge of 0.

Aluminum = +3

Sulfur = -2

+3 + 3 + (-2) + (-2) + (-2) = 0

Question #5: How many sulfur atoms will you need? 1, 2, or 3?

-----> As stated previously the resulting ionic compound is Al₂S₃. There would be 3 sulfur atoms to balance the charges.

Answer:

Explanation:

The gravitational potential energy of a body can be found by using the formula

GPE = mgh

where

m is the mass

h is the height

g is the acceleration due to gravity which is 9.8 m/s²

From the question we have

GPE = 2 × 9.8 × 0.7

We have the final answer as

Hope this helps you

Answer:

A. True

Explanation:

many over-the-counter (OTC) drugs that can be abused and even habit-forming, with potentially life-threatening consequences.

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Anything is dangerous if used the wrong way

The wavelength of the radiation emitted by the argon ion laser is \(4.854 * 10^-7 m\).

Wavelength is a property of any type of wave that refers to the distance between two adjacent points on the wave that is in phase, i.e., at the same point in their respective cycles. It is usually denoted by the Greek letter lambda (λ) and is measured in units of length, such as meters or nanometers.

The energy carried by the photon (E) is related to the wavelength (\(\lambda\)) through the following equation:

\(E=hc/\lambda\); where 'h' is the Plank's Constant and 'c' is the speed of light which is \(3* 10^{-7} m/s\).

We can say that

\(\lambda - hc/E\)

Now after substituting the given values, we get:

\(\lambda = (6.626 * 10^{-34} J.s * 3.00 * 10^8 m/s) / (4.071 * 10^{-19} J)\\\lambda = 4.854 * 10^-7 m\)

Therefore the wavelength of the radiation emitted by the argon ion laser is \(4.854 * 10^-7 m\).

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

Cells form tissues

Tissues form organs

Organs for organ systems

Organ systems form organism

Answer:

A the organism

Explanation:

Cause every answer is what is in a human form but the organism is what is made up of all of them

Answer: 55.5 oC is 0.014 atm (3rd decimal point)

Explanation:

The Clausius-Clapeyron equation is given as:

ln(P2/P1) = -(ΔH_vap/R) * (1/T2 - 1/T1)

where:

P1 = vapor pressure at temperature T1

P2 = vapor pressure at temperature T2

ΔH_vap = enthalpy of vaporization

R = gas constant = 8.314 J/(mol*K)

Converting the enthalpy of vaporization to J/mol:

ΔH_vap = 35.2 kJ/mol = 35,200 J/mol

Converting temperatures to Kelvin:

T1 = 64.7 + 273.15 = 337.85 K

T2 = 55.5 + 273.15 = 328.65 K

Substituting the values into the equation and solving for P2:

ln(P2/1 atm) = -(35,200 J/mol / 8.314 J/(mol*K)) * (1/328.65 K - 1/337.85 K)

ln(P2/1 atm) = -4.231

P2/1 atm = e^(-4.231)

P2 = 0.014 atm

Therefore, the vapor pressure for methanol at 55.5 oC is 0.014 atm, to the third decimal point.