Which of the following statements about enzymes is true?

A) The increase the rate of chemical reactions.

B) They function as biological catalysts by lowering the activation energy.

C) They regulate chemical reactions in a cell.

D) They operate at an optimal pH and optimal temperature.

E) All of the above.

Calcium Propionate is used in quick bread to inhibit mold growth.

Quick bread is baked goods that use chemical leavening agents like baking powder or baking soda instead of yeast. These breads have a high moisture content and can be susceptible to mold growth.

Calcium Propionate is an anti-mold agent that is commonly used in baked goods, including quick bread. It works by inhibiting the growth of mold and other microorganisms by interfering with their metabolic processes. It is effective against a wide range of molds and has been approved for use by the FDA.

Polysorbates are emulsifiers that are used to improve the texture and appearance of baked goods. Tartaric acid is an acidulant that is used to add a tart taste to baked goods and other food products. Sugar is a sweetener that is used to improve the taste and texture of baked goods.

Therefore, of the options given, Calcium Propionate is the substance used in quick bread to inhibit mold growth.

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During the reactions in mitochondria, high-energy molecules such as ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are produced, which are later utilized in the electron transport chain to generate more ATP. This process allows the original carbons in pyruvate to be fully oxidized and used for energy production in the mitochondrial matrix reactions.

In the mitochondrial matrix reactions, the original carbons in pyruvate are transformed through a series of reactions known as the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle. Here is a step-by-step explanation:

1. Pyruvate, a 3-carbon molecule, is transported into the mitochondrial matrix.
2. Pyruvate undergoes decarboxylation by pyruvate dehydrogenase, losing one carbon as CO2 and forming a 2-carbon molecule called acetyl-CoA.
3. Acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate, a 4-carbon molecule, to form citrate, a 6-carbon molecule.
4. Citrate undergoes a series of reactions within the Krebs cycle, resulting in the release of two more CO2 molecules, one for each of the original carbons from pyruvate.

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The fact that water has a high melting and boiling point (0°C/32°F for melting and 100°C/212°F for boiling) makes it unique.

When a substance's solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium, that point is known as its melting point. When a substance's vapour pressure matches the outside pressure, that's when it reaches its boiling point.

Saturation temperature is another name for boiling point. The pressure at when the measurement was made can occasionally be used to define boiling point. The standard boiling point is the temperature at which water begins to boil at one bar of pressure, according to the International Union on Pure an Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) definition from 1982.

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The mass number of an alpha particle is 4, so it can be represented as 4He. Therefore, X in the reaction is an alpha particle.

In nuclear reactions, such as the one described in the question, the conservation of atomic numbers and mass numbers must be maintained.

In the given reaction, 160 + He → Ne + X, the atomic numbers and mass numbers on both sides need to balance.

The reactant on the left side is helium-4 (4He), which consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. The atomic number of helium is 2, indicating it has 2 protons.

The product on the right side is neon-20 (20Ne), which has an atomic number of 10, meaning it has 10 protons.

To balance the equation, the atomic numbers on both sides need to be equal. Since 2 + X = 10, X must be 8.

The only option that fits this requirement is an alpha particle, which is composed of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. The mass number of an alpha particle is 4, so it can be represented as 4He. Therefore, X in the reaction is an alpha particle.

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Answer:

All are correct

Explanation:

a. when Thomson discovered electrons he called them copuscles.

b. Millikan calculated chage on electron which is -1.6022 x \(10^{-19}\)C

c. Charge to mass ratio of electron is fixed that is 1.758820 x \(10^{11}\)C/kg

d. Although electons have mass (9.1 x \(10^{-31}\)kg) but is very small therefore it is not taken while calculating mass of atom.

Answer:

a

Explanation:

i took the quiz

One isotope of a metallic element has the mass number 64 and 34 neutrons in the nucleus. the cation derived from the isotope has 28 electrons. So the atomic number will be 30.

Mass number of isotope = 64

Number of neutrons = 34

So number of protons = 64 - 34 = 30

Hence atomic number of metal = 30

Thus metal is = zinc

Now as it is forming cation with 28 electrons it means it has lost two electrons so it must have a dipositive charge.

The symbol of metal ion will be Zn^+2

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus or the number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is the atomic number of that atom. An atom of sodium, for instance, has 11 protons and 11 electrons. Therefore, the atomic number of the Na atom is equal to the sum of its protons and electrons, or 11.

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Answer:

40.7% abundance of Ga-71

59.93% abundance of  Ga-69

Explanation:

Given data:

Average atomic mass of Ga = 69.72 amu

Atomic mass of Ga-69 = 68.9257 amu

Atomic mass of Ga-71 = 70.908 amu

Percent abundance of each isotope = ?

Solution;

we know there are two naturally occurring isotopes of Ga.

First of all we will set the fraction for both isotopes

X for the isotopes having mass 68.9257

1-x for isotopes having mass 70.908

we will use the following equation,

68.9257x +  70.908 (1-x) = 69.72

68.9257x +70.908 - 70.908x = 69.72

68.9257x -  70.908x = 69.72 - 70.908

-1.9823x =  - 1.188

x=  1.188/1.9823

x= 0.5993

0.5993 × 100 = 59.93 %

59.93 %  is abundance of Ga-69 because we solve the fraction x.

now we will calculate the abundance of Ga-71.

(1-x)

1 - 0.5993 = 0.4007

0.4007× 100= 40.7 %

40.7 % for Ga-71.

The reaction between CO and H₂ to produce methane and water is exothermic with a change in enthalpy of -206 kJ/mol.

The given process is known as coal gasification, and it involves two stages: the first stage is the partial combustion of coal to produce carbon monoxide, and the second stage is the reaction between CO and H₂ to produce methane and water. The enthalpy change for the second stage can be calculated using the enthalpies of formation of the reactants and products, which are provided.

The enthalpy change for the reaction is -206 kJ/mol, indicating that the reaction is exothermic and releases heat. This information is useful for designing and optimizing coal gasification processes, as it provides insight into the energy requirements and potential efficiency of the process.

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A solution contains 2.30 g of solute in 13.4 g of solvent. The mass percent of the solute in the solution is 14.6%.

To calculate the mass percent of the solute in the solution, you'll need to consider the mass of the solute and the total mass of the solution, which includes both the solute and the solvent.

First, let's find the total mass of the solution. You have 2.30 g of solute and 13.4 g of solvent. To get the total mass, simply add these two values together:

Total mass = mass of solute + mass of solvent
Total mass = 2.30 g + 13.4 g = 15.7 g

Next, to find the mass percent of the solute, you'll divide the mass of the solute by the total mass of the solution and then multiply the result by 100:

Mass percent = (mass of solute / total mass) × 100
Mass percent = (2.30 g / 15.7 g) × 100 = 0.146 × 100 = 14.6%

This value represents the concentration of the solute in the solution as a percentage of the total mass, and it can help you understand the relative amounts of solute and solvent in a given mixture.

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Answer:

Some examples of solutions are salt water, rubbing alcohol, and sugar dissolved in water. ... In our example of salt water, the solute is the salt. Solvent: this is the substance that makes up the majority of the solution. This is the part where the solute is dissolved.

Explanation:

I hope they should be right answer

Answer: Copper is purified by electrolysis . Electricity is passed through solutions containing copper compounds, such as copper(II) sulfate. The anode (positive electrode ) is made from impure copper and the cathode (negative electrode) is made from pure copper. Pure copper forms on the cathode.

Answer:

The adaptive (also called humoral or specific) immune system is typically only involved in immune responses to bacteria, bacterial toxins and virus antigens. It involves the production of antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) against a specific target. The target of an antibody is called an antigen

The molar mass of h2x is 222.22 g/mol

H2X + 2NaOH  → Na2X + 2H2O

Mole NaOH = concentration × volume

                    = 0.450 × 44.2 × \(10^{-3}\)

                    = 0.01989mol

Mole H2X = 0.01989 / 2 = 0.0099mol

H2X and NaOH has 1 : 2 molar ratio

Molar mass = mass / mole =2.20/0.0099 = 222.22 g/mol

A chemical compound's molar mass is calculated by dividing its mass by the number of moles measured in moles that make up the sample of that compound. In contrast to molecular properties, a substance's molar mass is a bulk property. The comp0und is present in many different forms, each with a different mass as a result of the isotopes. The mlar mass represents the average of these masses. The molar mass is most frequently calculated from the standard atomic weights and is a function of the relative abundance of the constituent atoms' isotopes on Earth. It is thus a terrestrial average. The conversion betwen a substance's mass and amount can be done using the molar mass.

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Normal saline is a therapy option for severe vomiting because this solution provides sodium and chloride ions, which can help to replace bicarbonate ions that may be lost due to vomiting.

Bicarbonate ions play a key role in maintaining the body's acid-base balance, and their loss can lead to metabolic acidosis. By providing additional sodium and chloride ions through the administration of normal saline, the body can help to maintain its fluid and electrolyte balance, which can be disrupted during periods of vomiting.
Normal saline is a sterile solution that contains a 0.9% concentration of sodium chloride. It is often used as a replacement fluid in situations where the body has lost significant amounts of fluid and electrolytes, such as during severe vomiting or diarrhea. The sodium and chloride ions in normal saline can help to restore the body's fluid and electrolyte balance, which can be disrupted during periods of illness.
In summary, normal saline is a therapy option for severe vomiting because it provides sodium and chloride ions that can help to replace bicarbonate ions that may be lost due to vomiting. This can help to maintain the body's fluid and electrolyte balance, which is essential for proper physiological function.

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Answer:

3.125g/mol

Explanation:

To find the molar mass of the gas, we need to initially find the number of moles (n) contained in the gas. To find the number of moles, we use the general gas law whose equation is:

PV=nRT

Where; P= Pressure

V= Volume occupied by gas

n= number of moles

R= general gas constant

(0.0821 L atm mol/K)

T= absolute temperature

According to the question; P= 2.0atm, V= 2.0L, n= ?, T= 298K

To find n, we make it the subject of the formula:

n= PV/RT

n= 2.0 × 2.0 / 0.0821 × 298

n= 4/ 24.4658

n= 0.16mol

If number of moles (n) of the gas is 0.16mol and it weighs 0.500g, its molar mass can be found using:

number of moles (n) = mass (g) / molar mass

Making MM subject of the formula;

molar mass = mass / number of moles

MM= 0.500/0.16

MM= 3.125

Hence, the molar mass of the gas is 3.125g/mol.

Answer:

Acid is a molecule capable of donating hydrogen ion and they form aqueous solutions with a sour taste while base is a substance that accepts proton from proton donor and in aqueous solution, they have an astringent or bitter taste. Moreover, a good example for base is sodium hydrogen carbonate as baking soda or baking powder and for acid, the most common example is the acetic acid or vinegar.

Answer:

Well, for starters, bases mostly consist of soaps and cleaning products, acids consist of vinegar,lemon,and stuff like that. Most acids on the basis of touch can burn your skin or be very sour, unlike bases which are more soapy and have a cleaner touch.A good example of an acid is vinegar, which can be used for cleaning but can also be used for making foods, on the other hand. A good example of a base is dish soap. It is used for cleaning.

Explanation:

i just did the exam and got a 100

Answer:

I do k .............................

Deforestation increases the warming of the earth by decreasing the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Thus, the correct answer is it decreases the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere (C)

Deforestation is the removal or destruction of forests or trees, which can result in environmental damage. Deforestation has a negative impact on the environment by contributing to climate change, soil erosion, flooding, and reduced habitat for animals.

Deforestation contributes to global warming in several ways. Trees absorb carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere. The increase in deforestation results in fewer trees, which means there is less carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere. Deforestation also releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect.

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In the compound Na3PO4•3H2O, there are three water molecules present in each formula unit. This means that for every formula unit of Na3PO4•3H2O, there are three molecules of water.

To determine the number of water molecules present in one formula unit of Na3PO4•3H2O, we need to consider the subscripts in the formula. The subscript "3" in Na3PO4 indicates that there are three sodium ions (Na+) present in one formula unit. The phosphate ion (PO4^3-) has no subscript, indicating that there is only one phosphate ion present.

The subscript "3" in 3H2O indicates that there are three water molecules (H2O) present in one formula unit.So, to find the total number of water molecules, we multiply the subscripts: 3 water molecules per formula unit.

Therefore, one formula unit of Na3PO4•3H2O contains 3 water molecules.

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All of the given oxides would produce bases when added to water. The correct answer is option D)

When added to water, all of the given oxides would produce bases. Magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), and barium oxide (BaO) are all basic oxides since they react with water to form a base. When calcium oxide is added to water, it reacts vigorously to produce calcium hydroxide, a strong base, and heat.

When magnesium oxide reacts with water, it produces magnesium hydroxide, a weak base, and heat. When barium oxide is added to water, it also reacts vigorously to produce barium hydroxide, a strong base, and heat.

Thus, All of the given oxides would produce bases when added to water. The correct answer is option D)

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This question is incomplete, here´s the complete question.  

How does the percentage of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in olive oil compare to that of canola oil? Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.

Olive oil has about ____ monounsaturated fats, while canola oil has about ___.

Olive oil has about ___ polyunsaturated fats, while canola oil has about ___.

6%

10%

30%

84%

5%

65%

Answer:

Olive oil has about 84% monounsaturated fats, while canola oil has about 65%.

Olive oil has about 5% polyunsaturated fats, while canola oil has about 30%.

Explanation:

Olive and canola oil are the major sources of monounsaturated fatty acids. Although vegetable oils usually have high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids and less monounsaturated fats, olive and canola oils have comparatively less polyunsaturated fatty acids, and more monounsaturated fatty acids.

The bonds, in order of increasing ionic character based on periodic trends, are: O-F, S-F, Se-F.

Periodic trends can provide insights into the relative ionic character of chemical bonds. Ionic character refers to the degree of electron transfer between atoms in a bond. The greater the difference in electronegativity between the atoms, the more ionic the bond becomes.

Starting with the least ionic bond, O-F, oxygen (O) and fluorine (F) have a relatively small electronegativity difference. Oxygen is more electronegative than fluorine, but the difference is not significant. Therefore, the O-F bond has a relatively lower ionic character.

Moving to the next bond, S-F, sulfur (S) and fluorine (F) have a larger electronegativity difference compared to O-F. Sulfur is less electronegative than oxygen, creating a greater polarity in the S-F bond. As a result, the S-F bond exhibits a higher level of ionic character.

Finally, the bond with the highest ionic character is Se-F. Selenium (Se) and fluorine (F) have a larger electronegativity difference compared to both oxygen and sulfur. This larger difference in electronegativity leads to a stronger attraction between the positively charged selenium and negatively charged fluorine, resulting in a higher degree of ionic character.

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The boiling points of HF, H2O and NH3 increase in the order of  NH3 < HF < H2O. Therefore, option D is correct.

​

The melting points and boiling points increase down the group because of the van der Waals forces. The size of the molecules changes down the group. This increase in size intends an increase in the property of the van der Waals forces.

Water can produce more hydrogen bond in comparison to the Hydrogen fluoride and Ammonia . If we see the bond polarity then must be HF > H2O > NH3. But in this condition major finding factor is Hydrogen bond so, the order is NH3 < HF < H2O.

Thus, option D is correct.

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To find the percent composition of Carbon in a substance, you need to calculate the percent of the total mass that is made up of Carbon.

The first step is to add up the masses of all the elements in the substance to get the total mass:

2.59 g Carbon + 39.56 g Sulfur + 43.03 g Oxygen = 85.18 g

Next, divide the mass of Carbon by the total mass and multiply by 100 to get the percent of the total mass that is Carbon:

(2.59 g Carbon / 85.18 g) * 100 = 3.03% Carbon

So, the percent composition of Carbon in the substance is 3.03%.

When an electron transitions from a higher energy level to a lower energy level in an atom, energy is emitted. Conversely, when an electron transitions from a lower energy level to a higher energy level, energy is absorbed.

In the case of hydrogen, the transition from n=2 to n=6 corresponds to the electron moving from a higher energy level to a lower energy level. Therefore, energy is emitted during this transition.

The transition from an orbit with a radius of 4.76 Å to an orbit with a radius of 0.529 Å corresponds to the electron moving from a higher energy level to a lower energy level as well. Hence, energy is emitted during this transition.

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Answer:

It means like, cells are like the base for every living thing.

Explanation:

The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.

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The weakening and breakdown of bedrock into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed as : weathering.

The breakdown or dissolution of rocks and minerals on the Earth's surface is referred to as weathering. Agents of weathering include water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and variations in temperature. After a rock has been fractured, the fragments of rock and mineral are carried away by a process known as erosion.

The forces of weathering and erosion cannot be resisted by any rock on Earth due to its softness. These processes combined to carve famous landmarks like Arizona's Grand Canyon. The rocky terrain of Earth is constantly being altered by weathering and erosion.

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Answer:

I believe c

Explanation: