which branch of science is related to the study of matter and energy ​

G2 phase occurs directly after S phase. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

S phase is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G₁ phase and G₂ phase. Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during S-phase are tightly regulated and widely conserved.

S phase is the period of wholesale DNA synthesis during which the cell replicates its genetic content; a normal diploid somatic cell with a 2N complement of DNA at the beginning of S phase acquires a 4N complement of DNA at its end.

S phase (Synthesis Phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase.

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In accordance with data regarding PCB levels and the continued contamination of our oceans and rivers, we can confirm that the organisms with the highest levels of PCBs are fish.

PCBs are highly toxic chemical compounds. These chemicals are most often produced and released into the environment through human activities as waste products. They can cause neurological malformations, developmental issues, and serious long-term health problems, making PCBs dangerous to fetuses, babies, and even adults.

Bioaccumulation is an organism's tendency to absorb toxic chemicals from the environment into itself. These toxic compounds then enter the food chain through biomagnification. The bioaccumulation of PCBs are most common among fish due to the very high levels of PCB contamination in our oceans and rivers.

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Answer:

CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION

For dietary carbohydrates to be utilized by the body, they must be converted during digestion to monosaccharides. In addition to starch, the other major dietary carbohydrates are the disaccharides lactose and sucrose, and the monosaccharide fructose. The monosaccharides produced by complete digestion of these dietary carbohydrates are glucose, galactose, and fructose.

The digestive process begins with salivary amylase, which randomly cleaves the α-1,4 linkages of starch. Although amylase digestion begins in the saliva, pancreatic α-amylase is more important to the complete digestion of starch (Fig. 19-1). Starch is degraded first to dextrins and then to a mixture of glucose, maltose, and isomaltose (containing the α-1,6 linkages that are not digested by amylase).

The major disaccharidases, located in the brush border of the intestinal lumen, are

•

Maltase—hydrolyzes maltose

•

Sucrase-isomaltase—hydrolyzes sucrose and isomaltose

•

Lactase—hydrolyzes lactose

Whenever lactose goes undigested, it is not absorbed and passes into the large intestine. Here lactose is acted on by the intestinal flora that ferment it, producing large quantities of CO2, hydrogen gas, methane, and organic acids; the last irritate the intestines, increasing intestinal motility. All these products have only one way out. Thus, the symptoms that characterize lactose intolerance are bloating and flatulence and, in extreme cases, a frothy diarrhea. Lactose intolerance is least common in Northern Europeans and their descendants and most common in descendants of Asian, African, and South American origin.

HISTOLOGY

Brush Border Dynamics

The unstirred brush border of the intestinal lumen consists of finger-like processes, known as microvilli, of the surface absorptive cells. Many enzymes associated with the process of digestion and absorption are located on the surface of these microvilli. This allows the products of digestion such as free fatty acids, amino acids, and monoglycerides to be absorbed by the cells rather than be swept into the lumen itself.

Earthworms and bacteria organisms obtain energy from dead or decaying matter.  Thus, the correct option is C and D.

The term "organic matter" refers to material that contains carbon compounds produced by living things. Lawn trimmings, leaves, twigs, branches, moss, algae, lichens, any animal parts, sewage sludge, sawdust, insects, earthworms, and bacteria are just a few examples of what it includes.

The main decomposers in many ecosystems are fungi and bacteria, which utilise the chemical energy in dead matter and wastes to power their metabolic processes. Detritivores, sometimes known as trash or debris eaters, are other types of decomposers. Typically, these are creatures with several cells, like vultures, earthworms, crabs, or slugs.

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Answer:

C, D

Explanation:

i took the test

Answer:

| C - Toxicology | A - Lethal Dose | B - Effective Dose | D - Threshold level |

Explanation:

I took the lesson and the quiz and got it right.

Answer:toxicology- the study of the effects and treatment of poisons

lethal dose- amount that is about to kill 50 percent

effective dose-amount that causes some response in 50 percent

threshold level- the maximum amount that causes no visible effects

Explanation:

A three-chambered heart has many adaptive advantages over the two-chambered heart of fish. This is because the three-chambered heart allows amphibians to have a more efficient and effective circulatory system.

The three-chambered heart is divided into two atria, which are the upper chambers, and one ventricle, which is the lower chamber. The two atria receive oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary and systemic circulations respectively. The ventricle then pumps the oxygenated blood from the left atrium to the systemic circulation, and the deoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the pulmonary circulation. This allows for better oxygenation of the blood and more efficient circulation throughout the body.

Additionally, the three-chambered heart is able to maintain a constant blood pressure and flow, meaning that the body is able to remain more stable and keep a steady rate of oxygen delivery. This is an important advantage for amphibians, as they are able to live in a wide variety of environments, and often need to be able to move quickly between environments, such as water and land. In contrast, the two-chambered heart of fish is unable to maintain a constant blood pressure and flow, and therefore does not provide the same level of adaptability for fish.

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Answer:

Your hypothesis will not always be right because it only comes true with a little information. If you are sure it is I recommend looking for more information. Your hypothesis may be incorrect but you might still find correct information later on in your search.

Explanation:

Hope this helped! I'm not really sure if this is true but this is just my opinion.

An air mass that formed over the North Pole would differ from an air mass that formed over a warm ocean in several ways.

Air masses are large bodies of air with similar characteristics that form over a specific region of the Earth's surface and can travel long distances before encountering a different air mass that alters its characteristics. The characteristics of an air mass depend on the region over which it forms.

The air mass that forms over the North Pole would be cold and dry due to the absence of sunlight and the Arctic's high latitudes. Arctic air masses are characterized by a high pressure system that circulates air clockwise. This rotation traps cold air over the region and prevents it from mixing with the surrounding air masses.

The air mass that forms over a warm ocean would be warm and moist. The ocean surface warms the air above it, and the air acquires moisture through evaporation. The warm air then rises, causing low-pressure areas over the ocean and pulling in moisture-laden air from surrounding regions. This moist air mass travels over land, and its temperature decreases, causing it to lose its moisture content and form precipitation.

The moisture content in this air mass would be high, causing it to be humid. Air masses interact with each other and cause changes in weather patterns and climate. They also play a vital role in the Earth's energy balance and regulate temperature and precipitation patterns.

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In the abdominal cavity, am on the right side of the body. I am lateral to the stomach, therefore this is referred to as the gall bladder.

This is referred to as a small, pear-shaped organ on the right side of the abdominal cavity and it is responsible for holding a digestive fluid known as bile that's released into your small intestine for the emulsification of fat during the digestion process in the body of organisms.

It is also lateral to the stomach and can be found beneath the liver and is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.

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Fiona is writing a book on coral life. She is writing about the feeding pattern of corals. The corals produce as a byproduct of cellular respiration. The corals produce organic molecules and provide organic molecules as food to the corals. The corals utilize this to carry out photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is the process in which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy that they use to make food molecules from carbon dioxide and water. The feeding pattern of corals is symbiotic. In this pattern, a photosynthetic partner lives inside the coral's tissues.

The photosynthetic partner is either algae or photosynthetic bacteria. The photosynthetic partner uses the coral's waste products, mainly carbon dioxide and nitrogen, to make food molecules using light energy from the sun. These food molecules are then passed on to the coral.

The coral, in turn, provides the photosynthetic partner with nutrients in the form of ammonium, nitrate, and phosphorus. The organic molecules produced by the corals are used to provide energy to the corals. The corals use this energy to carry out various metabolic processes.

Some of these processes include cellular respiration, growth, and reproduction. The corals also use the energy to build their exoskeletons, which are made up of calcium carbonate. The corals utilize the organic molecules produced by the photosynthetic partner to carry out photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process in which the photosynthetic partner converts light energy into chemical energy.

The chemical energy is stored in the form of glucose. The corals then use this glucose to carry out metabolic processes. The relationship between the corals and the photosynthetic partner is mutualistic. The photosynthetic partner provides the coral with food, and the coral provides the photosynthetic partner with nutrients. This relationship is crucial for the survival of the coral reefs.

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Explanation:

freshwater beneficial to plants is because estuaries are usually shallow, sunlight can reach all levels of the water. Plants and algae are important to freshwater biomes because they provide oxygen through photosynthesis,

They enhance water quality and facilitate stop alga growth by victimisation nutrients created by fish waste, unconsumed food and organic scrap. They turn out element throughout daylight, that is employed by fish and helps stabilize pH scale. Fish, in turn, unleash unleash, that plants use as a food supply.

The 5’ end of the dna molecule is considered five prime, while the 3’ end of the dna molecule is considered the three prime.

Thus, The backbones of DNA's two long polymers of basic units, known as nucleotides, are comprised of sugars and phosphate groups that are connected by ester bonds.

These two strands are anti-parallel because they move in the opposite directions of one another. Each sugar has one of four different nucleobases (bases) molecules attached to it.

The genetic code is made up of the order of these bases, and it subsequently dictates the order of the amino acids in proteins. The 5′ (five prime) and 3′ (three prime) ends of DNA strands are referred to as the ends.

Thus, The 5’ end of the dna molecule is considered five prime, while the 3’ end of the dna molecule is considered the three prime.

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If observation had not been restricted to the tip of the onion root, then the results would be different because only in this meristematic region the cells continue in the process of division, and cell division has different rates at different tissues.

Mitosis is the cell division process in which somatic body cells are generated in a multicellular organism, which is generated at different time rates in different parts of the body.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that mitosis is not a uniform process in all the body parts of a multi-cellular organism.

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Answer:

area A

Explanation:

area b floor is being protected by grass, shrubs and trees, holding the soil in place with their roots.

also, area a has sabd, which washes away in water Easter than soil.

Answer:

Explanation:

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have both an electric motor and a gasoline engine, while electric vehicles (EVs) only have an electric motor powered by a battery. EVs typically have a larger battery capacity and range than PHEVs, which rely more heavily on their gasoline engines for longer drives. While the range of EVs can still be limited by the capacity of their batteries, they generally have a longer range on a single charge compared to PHEVs. However, it is worth noting that both EVs and PHEVs can vary in range depending on their specific models and battery capacities.

You have the freedoms of religion, speech, press; and the right to assemble peacefully and petition the government.

Constitution of freedom governs certain laws that help its citizens to have freedom to choose what they like without any condition.

Indian constitution governs its citizens the freedom to choose any religion, follow it or practice it. There is freedom of speech and expression. They can peacefully assemble at any place and can move to any part of the country.

The citizens also have the right to practice any profession and have the freedom to report the government for law and justice.

Thus, constitution of freedom protects the fundamental rights of their citizens.

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Answer:

Its the first one because a watch means it could happen (this one is random) but if its a warning that means EVACUATE AHHHHHHHHHH.

Explanation:

Your welcome :3

Jejunum is the central portion of the small intestine transports food rapidly to the ileum via wave-like muscle contractions. Ileum is basically the longest section of your small intestine.

The gastrointestinal tract is the digestive tract or passageway that connects the mouth to the rectum.

The small intestine's entire wall is made up of folds. The duodenum is a C-shaped structure located at the start of the small intestine. The jejunum comes after the duodenum.

The main distinction between the duodenum and the jejunum is that the duodenum contains submucosal Brunner's glands, whereas the jejunum does not.

Thus, this can be the comparison between jejunum and ileum.

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Carbon-12 atomic number is 6, Mass number is also 12, Atomic mass is 12.011 amu , carbon has 6 proton, 6 electron but 6 neutron.

The charge number of an atomic nucleus is the chemical element's atomic number, often known as its nuclear charge number. This is the number of protons present in the nucleus of every atom of that element, or the proton number, for conventional nuclei.

Protium atomic number is 1, Mass number is also 1, Atomic mass is 1.00794 amu , protium has 1 proton, 1 electron but no neutron.

Carbon-12 atomic number is 6, Mass number is also 12, Atomic mass is 12.011 amu , carbon has 6 proton, 6 electron but 6 neutron.

Magnesium-24 atomic number is 12, Mass number is also 12, Atomic mass is 24.305 amu , magnesium has 12 proton, 12 electron but 12 neutron.

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If the spinach leaf disks were boiled before being tested, all the leaf disks would sink which is as a result of the lack of space for gases.

This is referred to as the condition in which a substance goes below the surface of a material and is usually in a submerged position due to some factors.

When the spinach leaf disks is boiled, gases form which are usually in the form of vapor and therefore gives rise to it sinking as a result of there not being space for them and the photosynthetic ability is greatly reduced which is therefore why it was chosen as the correct choice.

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Answer:

use ch.at gpt for homework answers

Explanation:

Let's denote the width of the park as "w" miles. According to the given information, the length of the park is 1/2 miles and the area of the park is 6/8 square miles.

The area of a rectangle is given by the formula: Area = Length × Width

Given that the length of the park is 1/2 miles and the area of the park is 6/8 square miles, we can set up the following equation:

1/2 * w = 6/8

To solve for "w", we can multiply both sides of the equation by 2 (to eliminate the fraction):

2 * (1/2 * w) = 2 * (6/8)

w = 12/8

Now, we can simplify the fraction w = 12/8:

w = (12 ÷ 4) / (8 ÷ 4)

w = 3/2

So, the width of the park is 3/2 miles.

Answer: gender

Explanation:

Cuz I just tooled the test

1. The protons are found in the nucleus and carry a positive charge, neutrons are found in the nucleus and are neutral; the electrons are found in electron shells and carry a negative charge.

2. All atoms are electrically neutral meaning they have no charge. The number of protons and electrons are equal which cancels out the charge of each subatomic particle. The number of neutrons does not have to be the same as the number of protons.

Valence electrons are the outermost shell electrons.

The sodium molecule has one valence electron

Boron has three valence electrons.

The octet rule is the rule that states that atoms lose or gain electrons to have complete eight valence electrons.

Valence electrons are the electrons found in the outermost energy level or shell of an atom. They are involved in chemical bonding and determine the reactivity and chemical properties of an element. The number of valence electrons is equal to the group number (for main group elements) or the number of electrons needed to complete the octet (for transition metals).

A sodium atom (Na) has one valence electron since it is in Group 1 of the periodic table. Hence, in a sodium molecule, there is one valence electrons for the sodium molecule.

Boron (B) has five protons, which also corresponds to its atomic number. The atomic number of an element indicates the number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom. Since boron is in Group 3 of the periodic table, it has three valence electrons.

The octet rule is a principle in chemistry that states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration similar to that of a noble gas.

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Natural selection is the mechanism responsible for the antibiotic resistance of E. coli.

Natural selection is a mechanism that favors the adaptation of organisms to survive in their environment, thrive and reproduce.

In the context of antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial substances exert selective pressure on microbes that encourages the evolution of resistance.

Those capable of resisting the effects of antibiotics survive and reproduce, while the vulnerable either die or have their growth inhibited.

The excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics favors selection for antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

E. coli is characterized by having Gram negative bacilli, it represents the greatest risks of zoonotic transfer of resistance.

In general, and when a treatment is short, there is an elimination of sensitive saprophytic strains of E. Coli and an enormous predominance of resistant strains.

Bacteria also acquire antimicrobial resistance through vertical or horizontal transfer of genetic information.

Therefore, we can conclude that resistance to antibiotics in E. coli is due to the process of natural selection since it evolves to resist the action of an antimicrobial agent.

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Answer:The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve. The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle through the mitral valve. The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve out to the rest of the body.

Explanation:

12. The possible age of the igneous rock E is (3), 28 million years old.

13. the event that occurred most recently at location A is (4), faulting along line XY.

A geologic cross section is a graphic that depicts the underlying geology of a specific location as though a vertical slice of the Earth's crust had been removed.

It helps to observe rocks and geological features such as faults, folds, and unique rock strata at a deeper level. Geologists utilize cross sections to better understand a region's geologic history and to help in the finding of natural resources such as minerals, oil, and gas.

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Scavengers and decomposers could fit in any place where a dead organism is in a food chain.

An example of a land food web interaction would be:

Producers (plants) are eaten by herbivores (rabbits).

Herbivores are eaten by carnivores (foxes).

When the carnivores die, their bodies are decomposed by scavengers (vultures) and decomposers (bacteria and fungi), which release nutrients back into the soil for the plants to use.

An example of an ocean food web interaction would be:

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Scavengers and decomposers could fit in any place where a dead organism is in a food chain.

Scavengers and decomposers are two types of organisms that play important roles in the recycling of nutrients in ecosystems.

Animals that consume the remains of dead creatures are known as scavengers. Vultures, hyenas, and raccoons are a few examples of these typically carnivorous or omnivorous animals. The nutrients in deceased species can be recycled and broken down by scavengers, allowing other organisms in the environment to absorb the nutrients.

Decomposers are organisms that convert decaying plant and animal materials into simpler molecules, primarily bacteria and fungi. Plants and other organisms can then use these simpler molecules as nutrition. Decomposers are present at all levels of the food chain because they aid in the recycling of nutrients and the maintenance of the ecosystem.

Plankton --> Small Fish --> Bigger Fish --> Sharks.

Plankton are the tiny organisms found near the surface of the ocean that form the base of the food chain. They are eaten by small fish, which are then eaten by bigger fish. These bigger fish, in turn, are preyed upon by sharks.

Grass --> Mice --> Hawks --> Foxes.

Grass is the primary source of food for mice, which are then eaten by hawks. The hawks are then preyed upon by foxes, completing the food web.

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