The controversy between protein and DNA as the genetic material was resolved when experiments demonstrated that DNA, not protein, carries the hereditary information.
There was a significant scientific controversy surrounding the nature of genetic material in the early days of molecular biology. While proteins were initially considered strong candidates for carrying genetic information, it was ultimately discovered that DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. However, the connection between proteins and DNA, known as the "missing link," was initially overlooked.
The main reason proteins were initially favored as the genetic material was that they exhibited a remarkable structural diversity, and it was known that proteins played crucial roles in various cellular functions. Additionally, proteins were composed of 20 different amino acids, providing a greater potential for complexity and variation compared to the four nucleotides found in DNA.
One key experiment that played a significant role in the controversy was performed by Frederick Griffith in 1928. Griffith was studying the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae and observed that a non-virulent strain could become virulent when exposed to a heat-killed virulent strain. This phenomenon was termed "transformation." However, at the time, the precise nature of the transforming substance was unknown.
The turning point came in 1952 with the work of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase. They performed an elegant experiment using a virus called bacteriophage T2, which infects bacteria. They tagged the protein coat of the virus with radioactive sulfur and the DNA with radioactive phosphorus. By infecting bacteria and separating the virus from the bacteria, they demonstrated that only the radioactive DNA, not the protein coat, was transferred to the bacterial cells. This experiment provided direct evidence that DNA, not protein, was the hereditary material.
The connection that was initially missed between proteins and DNA was the role of DNA as the template for protein synthesis. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the double-helix structure of DNA, and crucially, they suggested that the sequence of nucleotides in DNA could encode the sequence of amino acids in proteins. This proposal laid the foundation for the understanding of the genetic code, where specific sequences of DNA nucleotides (codons) correspond to specific amino acids, forming the basis for protein synthesis.
Once the connection between DNA and protein synthesis was established, it became clear that DNA's ability to store and transmit genetic information, its chemical stability, and its ability to undergo mutations were all properties essential for a molecule serving as the genetic material.
In summary, the controversy between protein and DNA as the genetic material was resolved when experiments demonstrated that DNA, not protein, carries the hereditary information. The missing link was the understanding of DNA's role as a template for protein synthesis, which provided the connection between the two molecules and confirmed the central role of DNA in storing and transmitting genetic information.
To know more about DNA follow the link:
https://brainly.com/question/30006059
#SPJ4
At which temperature a chocolate can melt in the sun
Answer:
In Arizona.... maybe 90 to 100 degrees
Explanation:
I’LL MARK YOU BRAINLIEST IF YOU ANSWER THIS QUESTION! THANKS
Why do you think it is important that chromatin thicken and shorten into chromosomes during prophase?
Answer:
During prophase, the strands of chromatin, which are highly extended during interphase, shorten, thicken and resolve themselves into recognizable chromosomes
Explanation:
HELP ASAP
which of the following protists possesses colia
Answer:
option b
Explanation:
paramecium posseses cilia
how does a cell get energy from an atp molecule
Answer:
Whenever a cell needs energy, it breaks the beta-gamma phosphate bond to create adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate molecule. Cells get energy in the form of ATP through a process called respiration, a series of chemical reactions oxidizing six-carbon glucose to form carbon dioxide.
Hope that Helps...
As thermal energy is added to a substance, which of the following changes can be predicted?
-The temperature of the substance will decrease.
-The kinetic energy of the particles will increase.
-The pressure exerted on the substance will increase.
-The spacing between particles will decrease.
Answer:
I think its B
Explanation:
Vibration of individual particles will increase.
Is the world flat or round explain
Answer:
Round
Explanation:
we have pictures from outer space to prove it
which body part of a baby is most similar to its adult size?
Answer:its head
Explanation:
The body part of a baby that is most similar to its adult size is the head.
In a human, the body part that mostly stays the same in proportions compared to other body parts is the head (and notably the brain). While other body parts such as the arms and legs will continue to grow and develop throughout childhood and adolescence, the head is already approximately 90% of its adult size at birth. This is why babies have such large heads in proportion to the rest of their bodies. As the child grows, the rest of the body will catch up in size, but the head will not undergo as much growth.
Learn more about body proportions at https://brainly.com/question/29361659
#SPJ11
Can someone help please?
Explain how the adaptive changes in coat-color genes allowed mice to travel under the radar of hungry predators.
Answer:
This:
Explanation:
These adaptive changes help in ways best seen between desert mice and those who live in darker habitats. While desert mice often developed extremely light colored coats to blend best with the environment, mice who live in forest's or valleys often have darker coats to blend with foliage and trees. These coats that help camouflage with the environment protect mice in the open from being snatched by say a eagle or bird of prey. And mice who blend equally with foliage are protected more from ground predators like other small foxes or rodents
Why do the balloons float away?
Answer: one of these gases is called helium. There are pockets of helium underneath the surface of the Earth. Humans collect that helium in tanks and use it to fill up balloons! The helium wants to float up, up, and away from the surface of the Earth — so your helium-filled balloon wants to float up, up and away too!
Explanation: helium is lighter than air
• State function of co-factors cell metabolism
Answer:
Explanation:Cofactors can be metals or small organic molecules, and their primary function is to assist in enzyme activity. They are able to assist in performing certain, necessary, reactions the enzyme cannot perform alone
hi could somebody help me
Answer:
MOUTH:
Food becomes moistFood is cut into piecesFood is squeezedSTOMACH:
Proteins are broken downFood is mixed with acidCarbohydrates are broken downI hope this helps :)
Explanation:
plz mark B R A I N L I E S T
Answer:
Mouth :
Food is cut into piecesCarbohydrates are broken downFood is squeezedStomach :
Proteins are broken downFood becomes moistFood is mixed with acidhope it helps!
Explain whether the grower in the following scenario is making progress in his efforts, using the above illustration.
Situation: A pineapple grower working with experimental strains of plant has discovered one strain regularly produces pineapples similar to this illustration. The grower has been trying to develop a variety with two flower-clusters instead of one, and must decide if this is a step toward the goal, or a dead end.
Considering that the grower has successfully discovered a strain that regularly produces pineapples, and has taken steps to develop a variety with two flower clusters instead of one, it can be concluded that the grower is making progress in his efforts.
What determines if progress is being made in any endeavor?One way to determine if progress is made is by documenting any progress made.
Some steps to measure progress include:
Consider keeping a record of your overall objectives, efforts, and achievements.Mark off tasks as you accomplish them and milestones as you reach them.Use a calendar or planner to help you keep track of your progress.Learn more about measuring progress at: https://brainly.com/question/14502309
#SPJ1
what is the difference between glucose and ATP?
Answer:
Make sure to reword
Explanation:
ATP is the energy containing nucleotide in cells while the energy found in glucose is used to make ATP. The key difference between glucose and ATP is the composition of these two molecules.
A species was added into a particular ecosystem to control the population of a prey species. This method of introducing a new species is called (biological augmentation) , (bioremedation) , or (reforestation). The population of the added species increased, leading to an imbalance in the ecosystem. This increase happened because (the competition for resources increased in the ecosystem) , (the population of prey species increased in the ecosystem) , or (the amount of resources increased in the ecosystem).
Answer:
A species was added into a particular ecosystem to control the population of a prey species. This method of introducing a new species is called bioremediation. The population of the added species increased, leading to an imbalance in the ecosystem. This increase happened because the competition for resources increased in the ecosystem.
Explanation:
The method of introducing a new species into an ecosystem to control the population of a prey species is called "biological augmentation" but in the given scenario, the population of the added species increased, leading to an imbalance in the ecosystem.
Biological augmentation is a method of introducing a new species into an ecosystem to control the population of a particular species that is causing problems. For example, if a particular species is overpopulating and causing damage to an ecosystem, introducing a predator or parasite that preys on that species can help control its population.
Learn more about the biological augmentation here.
https://brainly.com/question/10453445
#SPJ7
How is sedementry rocks formed into ignious rocks?
Answer and Explanation: When Sedimentary rocks are heated with lot's of heat and pressure, they will melt and be back again to magma. After a while it would cool and also get harden and will become Igneous rocks.
Explanation: When sedimentary rocks are heated with enormous heat and pressure, they will melt and be back again to magma. After a while, they are cold and hard and will become Igneous rocks.
hope this helps...
╔╦╦
╠╬╬╬╣
╠╬╬╬╣ I ♥
╠╬╬╬╣ Chocolate
╚╩╩╩╝
──────▄▀▄─────▄▀▄
─────▄█░░▀▀▀▀▀░░█▄
─▄▄──█░░░░░░░░░░░█──▄▄
█▄▄█─█░░▀░░┬░░▀░░█─█▄▄█
two characters that appear in a 9:3:3:1 ratio in the f2 generation should have which of the following properties a. each of the genes controlling the characters has two alleles b. the genes controlling the characters obey the law of independent assortment c. four genes are involved d. sixteen different phenotypes are possible e. each of the traits is controlled by single genes
Two characters that appear in a 9:3:3:1 ratio in the F2 generation should have option B: the genes controlling the characters obey the law of independent assortment.
The 9:3:3:1 ratio in dihybrid crossings was constantly shown by Mendel's dihybrid crosses, which prompted him to draw the conclusion that the characteristics' governing elements are inherited independently of one another—a principle known as the Law of Independent Assortment. As a result, option B is the best one.
The alleles of two or more different genes are separately selected into gametes, in accordance with Mendel's law of independent assortment. In other words, a gamete's acquisition of an allele for one gene does not alter the allele for another gene.
A dihybrid cross consists of two individuals with two distinct traits controlled by two distinct genes.
To know more about dihybrid cross, refer to the following link:
https://brainly.com/question/12538971
#SPJ4
1. Glaciers are melting at an alarming rate. As they melt, rock is exposed. What process will follow?
A. Primary Succession
B. Secondary Succession
2. A hurricane hits the gulf coast destroyed a portion of the ecosystem. what process will take place following this event?
A. Primary Succession
B. Secondary Succession
3. A volcanic eruption covers an area with lava,which cools to form rock. what process would need to take place?
A. Primary Succession
B. Secondary Succession
help me please help me please
What occurs in photosystem 1? a. Glucose is made b.water is split into oxygen and hydrogen c.ATP is produced and NADPH is produced d.NADP and ADP are burned for energy
PLEASE HELP!
Answer:
A
Explanation:
You drink 3 cups of coffee each day, and in a continuation of your plans to change your diet you decide to stop using sugar in your coffee. However, you find it too difficult to completely stop using sugar. Therefore, 20% of the time you end up using sugar in your coffee anyway. Let X be the random variable that indicates the number of 'sugared' coffees out of three that you drink per day. (1 points) What is the probability mass function? Consider 'no sugar' to be success.
Answer: The probability mass function is a Binomial distribution
Explanation: Use this and hopefully it will work for you!
killing chloroplasts herbicides targeting photosynthesis
Herbicides that specifically target chloroplasts, the plant cells' photosynthesis-related organelles, aim to stop plant growth. as they supply the facility with electricity.
Herbicides are a type of substance, typically chemical in nature, used to eradicate or stunt the growth of undesirable plants, such as invasive species and weeds in residential or agricultural areas. Chemical herbicides have the advantage of being much easier to apply than mechanical weed control, which frequently results in labour cost savings. Most herbicides are considered nontoxic to animals and humans, but they can cause substantial mortality of nontarget plants and the insects that depend on them, especially when applied aerially.
Learn more about Herbicides here:
https://brainly.com/question/1234243
#SPJ4
Another major contribution to atmospheric carbon dioxide is the cement industry.
Using the Gizmo, find a carbon atom path from the atmosphere to the cement plant. (Hint:
One of the ingredients in cement is limestone.)show the path
Path:
Here is a carbon atom path from the atmosphere to the cement plant:
Atmospheric CO₂ → Ocean → Marine animals → Shells → Sediment → Limestone → Cement plant
What is the purpose of atmospheric carbon dioxide?The cement industry is a major contributor to atmospheric carbon dioxide because it requires a lot of energy to heat limestone to the high temperatures needed to make cement. This process releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
There are ways to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released by the cement industry. One way is to use alternative fuels, such as biomass, to heat limestone. Another way is to capture and store the carbon dioxide that is released.
Find out more on atmospheric carbon dioxide here: https://brainly.com/question/30826018
#SPJ1
explain how carbon monoxide acts as a competitive inhibitor on hemoglobin molecules.
Hemoglobin binds carbon monoxide (CO) 200–300 times more strongly than it does oxygen, forming carboxyhemoglobin in the process. This prevents oxygen from attaching to hemoglobin.
How can carbon monoxide function as a suppressant?When it comes to interacting with hemoglobin's heme group, carbon monoxide inhibits oxygen in a competitive manner. In actuality, compared to oxygen, carbon monoxide is around 250 times more likely to attach to the heme group of hemoglobin.
What makes carbon monoxide an inhibitor of competition?This is an instance of competitive inhibition since oxygen and carbon monoxide bind at the same location. It is necessary to raise the concentration of substrate (oxygen) in order to overcome this kind of inhibition.
to know more about carbon monoxide here;
brainly.com/question/22530423
#SPJ1
The floors are made of wood. Is that a observation or inference?
Answer:
oservation
Explanation:
what is earth
please help me
Earth is a beautiful planet that revolves around a star called Sun, which is located in one of the arms of our Milky Way Galaxy. It is the only planet known to support life in the Solar System. Humans are the most intelligent civilization on this planet. It's blue when seen from space. Recently, Earth 29 spacecraft was able to land on this planet, after 28 unsuccessful landings of Earth series of spacecrafts. We were able to learn many things about humans, most important of these was the most spoken language of them, which they call English. According to experts, humans are not yet ready to know about our existence. It can take about 1 or 2 more centuries, until they are ready to know about us.
Question 2 of 25 Which statement best describes an example of science influencing society? A. Environmental research results in the banning of DDT in many places. B. Governments identify a public health risk caused by mosquitos. OC. People are concerned about illnesses carried by mosquitos. D. Scientists find that high amounts of DDT are harmful to wildlife. SUBMIT
The statement that best describes an example of science influencing society is Governments identify a public health risk caused by mosquitos.
The viewpoint and knowledge of science have an effect on society. The information provided by science and the techniques employed by scientists has an impact on the viewpoints of many members of society about themselves, others, and the environment.
Science must address societal requirements as well as global issues. It is vital that the general public comprehends science and engages with it in order to enable people to make informed decisions about their personal and professional lives.
The biggest joint endeavor is science. It makes us live longer and healthier lives, monitors our health, provides us with medication to treat illnesses, lessens our discomfort, and enables us to access the water we require to thrive.
To learn more about Science visit: https://brainly.com/question/2395977
#SPJ9
Which development in technology led to new scientific research about possible ways to restore populations of endangered species?
A. Cloning technology
B. Gene editing
C. Herbicides
D. Prosthetic limbs
According to the research, the correct option is Cloning technology. Cloning is a technology that helps new scientific researchers to restore populations of endangered species.
What is cloning technology?It is the technology that aims to reproduce the organism by duplicating the genome, that is, duplicating a certain gene, tissue or piece of DNA.
In this sense, it allows to obtain animals of high productive value and with better zootechnical conditions, focusing on the conservation of the DNA of the species, that is, first the DNA is extracted from an animal cell and introduced into an ovule emptied of genetic material, through these techniques, it is sought to prevent some animal species in danger of extinction from disappearing from the territory.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is Cloning technology. Cloning is a technology that helps new scientific researchers to restore populations of endangered species.
Learn more about Cloning here: https://brainly.com/question/21328997
#SPJ1
sunlight contains all the colors of the visible spectrum (red, orange, yellow, etc..) and pigments absorb certain colors of light in order to power photosynthesis. briefly explain what color of ight you think is least useful to a plant for use during photosynthesis
The color of light that least useful to a plant for use during photosynthesis is green. Because plant leaves are green, the wavelength of green light is probably the least useful. This would imply that green light used for photosynthesis is reflected rather than absorbed.
Despite being the visible spectrum's least effective wavelength for photosynthesis, green light is still helpful and affects plant architecture. One might occasionally hear that plants reflect green light rather than using it for photosynthesis. But this is only partially accurate. Because green light can reach deeper into leaves than red or blue light, it will have a greater impact on the photosynthesis of leaves when it is absorbed by the lower chloroplasts in strong white light.
Learn more about photosynthesis here: https://brainly.com/question/30281396
#SPJ4
construct a summary of the process of gene expression starting with dna and ending with proteins
The first step in the process of gene expression is the transcription of genetic data from DNA into genetic instructions in the form of messenger RNA.
What does DNA achieve and what uses does it have?The information molecule is DNA. It provides instructions on how to assemble other enormous molecules known as proteins. These instructions are spread out among 46 large, extended structures called chromosomes that are present in each of your cells.
Where may DNA be found in a human body?DNA polymerase is DNA itself. The location where the combination is active in a cell is the nucleus. As one of the structural elements of the human organism, DNA may thus be considered.
To know more about DNA visit:
brainly.com/question/264225
#SPJ4
explain how the genetic information that is stored in DNA becomes a protein that can be used by the cell?
Answer:
First, enzymes read the information in a DNA molecule and transcribe it into an intermediary molecule called messenger ribonucleic acid, or mRNA. Next, the information contained in the mRNA molecule is translated into the "language" of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.
In transcription, the information in the DNA of every cell is converted into small, portable RNA messages. During translation, these messages travel from where the DNA is in the cell nucleus to the ribosomes where they are 'read' to make specific proteins.
Have a wonderful day! :-)
Answer:
Explanation:
The process of converting genetic information stored in DNA into functional proteins that can be used by cells is known as gene expression. This process is composed of several steps:
Transcription: The first step in gene expression is the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA. This is accomplished through the process of transcription, where an enzyme called RNA polymerase reads the DNA code and synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule. This RNA molecule is called messenger RNA (mRNA).
Splicing: Before the mRNA molecule is transported out of the nucleus, it may undergo a process called splicing. This process involves the removal of non-coding sequences of the mRNA molecule, leaving only the coding sequence, called exons.
Translation: After the mRNA molecule has been processed and is in the cytoplasm, it is translated into a protein by ribosomes. The ribosome reads the sequence of codons (groups of three nucleotides) in the mRNA molecule and uses this information to assemble a chain of amino acids. The amino acids are linked together through peptide bonds to form a functional protein.
Post-translational modification: Once the protein is produced, it may undergo further modification, such as folding into its final 3D shape or modification by the addition of chemical groups. These modifications are important for the proper functioning of the protein.
In summary, gene expression is the process by which the genetic information stored in DNA is transcribed into mRNA, processed, and then translated into functional proteins in the cytoplasm. These proteins carry out the functions that are essential for the survival and functioning of cells.
8. Seismic station X is 800 kilometers from
the epicenter. Approximately how long did
it take the P-wave to travel to station X?
(1) 1 min 50 sec
(2) 2 min 50 sec
(3) 3 min 20 sec
(4) 6 min 30 sec