When solving a protein structure using X-ray crystallography, the crystallographer generates a 3-D grid called an electron density map based on the observed diffraction pattern. The higher the resolution, the more detailed the electron density map and therefore the easier it is to identify what atoms (and therefore what amino acids) are in a given position. Based on the three choices below, in which of the following groups could the two of amino acids be the easiest to differentiate regardless of resolution?
I. Leucine vs. Isoleucine
II. Phenylalanine vs. Alanine
III. Glutamate vs. Glutamic acid
Answers
The amino acids that could be easiest to differentiate regardless of resolution are Leucine vs. Isoleucine.
When the protein structure is solved using X-ray crystallography, the crystallographer generates a 3-D grid called an electron density map based on the observed diffraction pattern. The higher the resolution, the more detailed the electron density map and, therefore, the easier it is to identify what atoms (and, therefore, what amino acids) are in a given position.Since the side chains of leucine and isoleucine are different, it is easy to distinguish them from one another using X-ray crystallography. This is because the electron density map generated from X-ray crystallography can distinguish atoms and identify their spatial orientation to an accuracy of 0.1 to 0.2 nm.Resolution is also a significant factor that affects the quality of the electron density map. The higher the resolution, the more detailed the map and the easier it is to distinguish between similar amino acids. This is because amino acids differ in their side chains, and the side chains are the primary contributors to the electron density map. When the resolution is low, it is challenging to differentiate between similar amino acids based on their electron density maps. Therefore, even with low-resolution data, leucine and isoleucine would still be easy to differentiate.
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Related Questions
consider an experiment in which gaseous n2o4 was placed in a flask and allowed to reach equilibrium. the flask initially contained only n2o4 at 3.01 atm. after the reaction had reached equilibrium, the equilibrium partial pressure of the no2 was measured to be 0.600 atm. calculate the equilibrium partial pressure of n2o4 and the value of kp. what is the percent of the reactant that reacted? (answer: [n2o4]
Answers
the flask initially contained only n2o4 at 3.01 atm. after the reaction had reached equilibrium, the equilibrium partial pressure of the no2 was measured to be 0.600 atm. the only 0.66% of the N2O4 reacted at equilibrium.
To answer this question, we can start by writing the equilibrium reaction equation:
N2O4(g) ⇌ 2NO2(g)
The equilibrium constant expression for this reaction is:
Kp = [NO2]² / [N2O4]
We are given that the flask initially contained only N2O4 at 3.01 atm and the equilibrium partial pressure of NO2 was measured to be 0.600 atm. Let's denote the equilibrium partial pressure of N2O4 as x atm.
Using the law of mass action, we can write:
Kp = (0.600)² / x = 0.360 / x
Rearranging, we get:
x = 0.360 / Kp
To find Kp, we can use the given equilibrium partial pressure of NO2 and the initial partial pressure of N2O4:
Kp = (0.600)² / 3.01 = 0.119
Substituting this value into the equation for x, we get:
x = 0.360 / 0.119 = 3.03 atm
Therefore, the equilibrium partial pressure of N2O4 is 3.03 atm.
To find the percent of the reactant that reacted, we can use the initial and equilibrium partial pressures of N2O4:
% Reacted = [(Initial pressure - Equilibrium pressure) / Initial pressure] x 100%
% Reacted = [(3.01 - 3.03) / 3.01] x 100% = 0.66%
Therefore, only 0.66% of the N2O4 reacted at equilibrium.
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Which scale measures the magnitude of an earthquake?
Answers
Answer:
The Ritcher scale
Explanation:
It measures the magnitiude of earthquakes on the basis of seismograph oscillations.
Answer:
the Richter scale
Explanation:
Draw the missing intermediate and add curved arrows for the production of phenylethyne by the double dehydrohalogenation of 2,2-dibromoethylbenzene. Note that, although stereochemistry is not graded, it is an important part of the mechanism
Answers
Illustration of the missing intermediate and add curved arrows for the production of phenylethyne by the double dehydrohalogenation of 2,2-dibromoethylbenzene is given in the attachment.
Dehydrohalogenation is an elimination reaction used in chemistry to get rid of a hydrogen halide from a substrate. Although the reaction is frequently linked to the synthesis of alkenes, it has additional uses.
Alkyl halides have historically served as the substrates for dehydrohalogenations. Halides without a C-H bond on an adjacent carbon are not acceptable substrates for alkyl halides because they cannot produce an alkene.
Halides made of aryl are similarly inappropriate. Chlorobenzene dehydrohalogenates when subjected to a strong base, releasing phenol through a benzyne intermediate. Many alkyl chlorides change into the equivalent alkene when treated with a strong base. It is a kind of elimination reaction and is also known as a-elimination reaction.
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Cab someone give me a balanced chemical for my exam! <3
Answers
Answer: 4 NH₃ + 5 O₂ → 4NO + 6 H₂O
Explanation:
If we write out the chemical symbols for the molecules expressed in the question, along with the moles we get the following equation:
4 NH₃ + 5 O₂ → 4 NO + 6 H₂O
To know if the equation is balanced we can compare the Reantact side to the Product side for each element. If the equation is balanced, they would be equal.
Reactant Product
N 4 4
H 12 12
O 10 6+4 = 10
∴ the equation is balanced.
Medicine X has a density of 50 g/mL. How many mL of medicine X would you
need to give a 100 g dose?
Answers
Answer: 2 m/L
Explanation: If there is 50g in every m/L and you need 100g, you can take the 100g / 50g, and you have 2, meaning two sets of 50 grams, or in this case to m/L of medicine, because each m/L has 50 grams of medicine in it.
The atom of element has 25 electrons and 30 neutrons write down its atomic number and mass number.
Answers
Answer:
Atomic number = 25 protons
Mass number = ( 25 + 30 ) = 55
mass-55 hope this helps
Describe at least four properties of electrons that
were determined based on the experiments of
Thomson and Millikan.
Answers
Weigh out accurately the quantity of CaCO3 required to make 100 mL of a 100 ppm Ca2+ solution and deliver it into a 50 mL beaker. Add ~20 mL of DI water to the beaker, and then add a minimum volume of 6 M HCl to dissolve the solid completely (add HCl drop by drop with glass rod stirring). Transfer all the solution to a 100 mL volumetric flask then rinse the beaker several times with small portion of water and add the rinsings to the volumetric flask. Dilute the solution to the mark with DI H2O.Note: 100 ppm Ca2+ solution is not the same as 100 ppm CaCO3 solution.Calcuate the concentration of Ca2+ stock solution (ppm) if I weighed out 0.0250 g of CaCO3?
Answers
The concentration of the \(Ca^{2+}\) stock solution is 2498 ppm when 0.0250 g of CaCO₃ is used to make 100 mL of the solution.
The mass of CaCO₃ (0.0250 g) is converted to moles using its molar mass which is 100.09 g/mol.
No.of moles \(= \frac{given mass}{molar mass} = \frac{0.0250 g}{100.09 g/mol}= 0.0002498 mol.\)
We know that 1 mole of CaCO₃ produces 1 mole of \(Ca^{2+}\) ions, the moles of \(Ca^{2+}\) ions in the stock solution are also 0.0002498 mol.
The volume of the solution given is 100 mL.
The concentration of \(Ca^{2+}\) ions in parts per million (ppm) is:
\(= \frac{(moles of Ca2+ ions}{volume of solution in liters)}10^{6}.\)
= \(\frac{(0.0002498 mol}{0.100 L}10^6\)
= 2498 ppm.
The work and heat transfer for the process cannot be calculated with the given information.
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3. How many meters long is a 360 inches long extension cord?
Answers
Answer:
9.144 meters.
Explanation: Formula: divide the length value by 39.37 , which yields 9.144.
What is kinetic energy
Answers
Kinetic energy is the energy of an object that it has because of it's movement. For example: That windmill has kinetic energy.
In SI Units, kinetic energy is measured in joules. Hope this helps!
Question 3 of 25
What is meant by the rate of a reaction?
OA. How slow or fast a reaction progresses
B. How much energy the reaction requires
C. How far to completion the reaction goes
D. How concentrated the final products are
4
SUBMIT
Answers
When people think they will be scorned by others for failing to help, audience inhibition a. Decreases. B. Escalates. C. Remains the same as it would in any situation. D. Increases
Answers
When people think they will be scorned by others for failing to help, audience inhibition Decreases.
What is collision and its types?Two items collide when they briefly come into contact with one another. To put it another way, a collision is a brief reciprocal encounter between two masses in which the velocity and energy of the masses change.
What chemical processes are brought on by collisions?According to the collision theory, for a physical reaction to take place, the interacting particles must come into contact with one another. The interaction forces affects the reaction's rate. Additionally, according to the hypothesis, reacting particles frequently collide without responding.
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During respiration, energy is retrieved from the high-energy bonds found in certain organic molecules. Which of the following, in addition to energy, are the ultimate products of respiration?
(a) CO2, H2O
(b) CH3, H2O
(c) CH2OH, O2
(d) CO2, O2
Answers
Answer:
(A.) CO2, H2O
Explanation:
The chemical equation for respiration process is:
\(C_{6}H_{12} O_{6}\) + \(6O_{2}\) → \(6CO_{2}\) + \(6H_{2} O\) + ATP↑
Energy is released during the biochemical process in the organism's cells in form of ATP. Byproducts of the reaction are carbon dioxide and water molecules.
Let me know if you require any further assistance.
how could the crystal shape of a mineral affect how it interacts with other minerals?
Answers
The crystal shape of a mineral affects by helps in identifying a mineral. The interaction of a mineral with other minerals is influenced by the crystal shape of the mineral.
What is crystal shape?A crystal shape is a geometric pattern formed by a mineral's atoms. Crystal shapes range from simple cubic forms to complex shapes. The crystal shape of a mineral can determine how it interacts with other minerals and the environment around it.
The mineral's crystal shape determines how it will interact with other minerals. Minerals that have sharp edges and flat surfaces are more likely to combine with other minerals in a specific pattern. Minerals with a smooth, curved surface will combine with other minerals in a less organized fashion. Crystal shapes influence how minerals interact with each other, as well as how they form in nature.
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giving brainly if correct!
complete the chart above
Answers
Answer:
I hate chemistry good luck alice
how can you blance it and make it equal on both sides
2H2+o2=2H2o blance it
Answers
Answer:
it have been already balanced
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O.
Which element has the following electron configuration? 1s^2 2s^2 2p^2 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^5
Answers
how does the order of the element in a formula affect the name
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Does order matter in chemical formula?
When you write a chemical formula, there is a specific order of the elements. ... The Hill system states carbon atoms are listed first, hydrogen atoms next and then the number of all other elements in alphabetical order
help ASAPP plsplsplsplspls tyyyyy
Answers
Answer:
0.333333 cal/g-°C
Explanation:
Energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change.
(E = mcΔT)
Energy = 100.0 cal
specific heat capacity c= unknown
mass m = 4.0 g
temperature change ΔT = 100 - 25 =75°
100 = 4c(75)
c = 0.333333 cal/g-°C
What non-metal has less than 4 valence electrons (Outmost cells electrons)?
Answers
Correct Answer: Boron family
Why would scientists change their ideas? *
Need help
Answers
Answer:
If another scientist give better reasons;if they tested their hypothesis and it was wrong; if someone proved whatever the idea was to be wrong
Explanation:
I mean the list can go on at this point
Answer:
Scientists might change their ideas if new discoveries or evidence is acquired,that could prove a theory wrong.
Explanation:
(23.4m)(14m) rounded off to the correct number of significant figures
Answers
The value of the given expression up to correct significant figures is \(330 m^2\).
The rule that applies for the multiplication and division is :The least number of significant figures in any number of the problem determines the number of significant figures in the answer.
The rule that applies for the addition and subtraction is :The least precise number present after the decimal point determines the number of significant figures in the answer.
Given:
The expression: (23.4m)(14m)
To find:
The answer up to correct a number of significant figures.
Solution
Number of significant figures in '23.4' = 3
Number of significant figures in '14' = 22
\(=(23.4m)(14m)\\=(23.4m)\times (14m)\\=327.6 m^2\)
The number with the least significant figures is '14' is 2, so the answer will be reported up to 2 significant figures:
\(=327.6 m^2\approx 330 m^2\)
Number of significant figures in '330' = 3
The value of the given expression up to correct significant figures is \(330 m^2\).
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a pollutant decays with a first-order rate constant of 0.726 min-1. calculate the half-life of the pollutant (in minutes).
Answers
A pollutant decays with a first order rate constant of 0.726 min⁻¹ . The half life of the pollutant will be 0.95 minutes.
Half -life of a chemical reaction is defined as , " the time taken for the concentration of a given reactant to reach half or 50% of its initial concentration" .
Half life of a first order reaction is given as
t(1/2) = 0.693/ K
where K is the rate constant.
given,
here, rate constant is k= 0.726 min⁻¹
therefore, half life of the pollutant:
t(1/2) = 0.693/ 0.726 min⁻¹
t(1/2) =0.95 min
Thus, the half-life of the pollutant is 0.95 minutes
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Melting an ionic solid involves freeing the ions from their positions in the ionic crystal and separating them. Since the ions are held together by _____ electrostatic attractions, the amount of energy required is _____ and ionic solids therefore have relatively _____ melting points.
Answers
Melting an ionic solid involves freeing the ions from their positions in the ionic crystal and separating them. Since the ions are held together by strong electrostatic attractions, the amount of energy required is large and ionic solids therefore have relatively high melting points.
What are ionic Solids?
The crystalline solids are formed by neatly packed ions of opposite charge. Ionic compounds are formed when metals react with non-metals.Ionic solids are held together by electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative ions.Due to presence of electrostatic forces of attraction between ions, a large amount of energy is required to break the ionic bonds between the atoms. Thus, ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.In a reaction between metals and non-metals, metals loose electrons to complete their octet while non-metals gain electrons to complete their octet. Metals and non-metals react to form ionic compounds.Learn more about ionic compounds at https://brainly.com/question/2687188
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How does the suns energy contribute to the movement of water in the water cycle?
Answers
Answer:Evaporation
Explanation:
The suns heat speeds the movement of water molecules, until the molecules move fast enough that they jolt out the surface of the water individually. Overtime the water gradually evaporates into water vapor.
.What volume of each of the following bases will react completely with 25.00 mL of 0.200 M HCl?
a) 0.100 M NaOH.
b) 0.0500 M Sr(OH)2
.
c) 0.250 M KOH.
Answers
To calculate the volume of each base required to completely react with 25.00 mL of 0.200 M HCl, we can use the balanced equation and the concept of stoichiometry.
a) 0.100 M NaOH:
The balanced equation for the reaction between HCl and NaOH is:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
According to the equation, the molar ratio of HCl to NaOH is 1:1. This means that 1 mole of HCl reacts with 1 mole of NaOH. Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, we can calculate the volume of NaOH required:
(0.200 M HCl) × (25.00 mL HCl) = (0.100 M NaOH) × (V2 NaOH)
V2 NaOH = (0.200 M HCl) × (25.00 mL HCl) / (0.100 M NaOH)
V2 NaOH = 50.00 mL
Therefore, 50.00 mL of 0.100 M NaOH is required to react completely with 25.00 mL of 0.200 M HCl.
b) 0.0500 M Sr(OH)2:
The balanced equation for the reaction between HCl and Sr(OH)2 is:
2 HCl + Sr(OH)2 → SrCl2 + 2 H2O
According to the equation, the molar ratio of HCl to Sr(OH)2 is 2:1. This means that 2 moles of HCl react with 1 mole of Sr(OH)2. Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, we can calculate the volume of Sr(OH)2 required:
(0.200 M HCl) × (25.00 mL HCl) = (0.0500 M Sr(OH)2) × (V2 Sr(OH)2)
V2 Sr(OH)2 = (0.200 M HCl) × (25.00 mL HCl) / (0.0500 M Sr(OH)2)
V2 Sr(OH)2 = 100.00 mL
Therefore, 100.00 mL of 0.0500 M Sr(OH)2 is required to react completely with 25.00 mL of 0.200 M HCl.
c) 0.250 M KOH:
The balanced equation for the reaction between HCl and KOH is:
HCl + KOH → KCl + H2O
According to the equation, the molar ratio of HCl to KOH is 1:1. This means that 1 mole of HCl reacts with 1 mole of KOH. Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, we can calculate the volume of KOH required:
(0.200 M HCl) × (25.00 mL HCl) = (0.250 M KOH) × (V2 KOH)
V2 KOH = (0.200 M HCl) × (25.00 mL HCl) / (0.250 M KOH)
V2 KOH = 20.00 mL
Therefore, 20.00 mL of 0.250 M KOH is required to react completely with 25.00 mL of 0.200 M HCl.
In conclusion, volume of each of the following bases will react completely with 25.00 mL of 0.200 M HCl?
a) 0.100 M NaOH = 50.00 mL of 0.100 M NaOH
b) 0.0500 M Sr(OH)2 = 100.00 mL of 0.
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the reaction between solid sodium and iron iii oxide is one in a series of reactions that inflates an automobile airbag. as a single replacement reaction and a redox reaction
Answers
The reaction between solid sodium and iron III oxide is:
2 Na(s) + Fe2O3(s) → 2 NaFeO2(s) + 1/2 O2(g).
Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white metal that belongs to the alkali metal group in the periodic table. Sodium is highly reactive, particularly in the presence of water, and is never found free in nature. It was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1807 using electrolysis. Sodium is an essential element for all living organisms, and it plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including fluid balance, nerve impulse transmission, and muscle function. Sodium is also widely used in the production of many industrial chemicals, including sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), sodium carbonate (washing soda), and sodium bicarbonate (baking soda). Sodium compounds are also used in the manufacturing of soaps, detergents, paper, and textiles. However, excessive sodium intake can lead to health problems such as high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases.
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rank the following liquids in order of highest viscosity to lowest viscosity. C6H14, C12H26, C18H38
Answers
The liquids can be ranked in order of highest viscosity to lowest viscosity as follows: C\(_{18}\)H\(_{38}\) > C\(_{12}\)H\(_{26}\) > C\(_{6}\)H\(_{14}\).
Viscosity is a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow. Generally, larger and more complex molecules have higher viscosities because they have stronger intermolecular forces and a greater number of molecular interactions. In this case, C\(_{18}\)H\(_{38}\) (octadecane) has the largest molecule and the highest number of carbon atoms, resulting in stronger intermolecular forces and higher viscosity. C\(_{12}\)H\(_{26}\) (dodecane) has a slightly smaller molecule and lower viscosity compared to C18H38. Finally, C\(_{6}\)H\(_{14}\) (hexane) has the smallest molecule and weakest intermolecular forces, resulting in the lowest viscosity.
Therefore, the liquids can be ranked in order of highest viscosity to lowest viscosity as C\(_{18}\)H\(_{38}\) > C\(_{12}\)H\(_{26}\) > C\(_{6}\)H\(_{14}\)
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Can someone solve this please? just know that you should be careful when attempting this. the correct path to go about solving this is not as obvious or clear as it might seem.
The correct answer, is (B) = 0.21g, but I would like a solution. You might think the answer is (C), but believe me it isn't. I tried it and I got (C), but even my teacher says it's (B).
Answers
Answer:
the answer is 0.21 g (B).
Explanation:
The answer is B, 0.21 g, because:
First, we need to calculate the initial concentration of calcium ions in the Ca(NO3)2 solution. To do this, we can use the formula:
moles of solute/volume of solution = concentration
We know that 100 mL of water was used to dissolve some Ca(NO3)2, but we don't know how many moles of Ca(NO3)2 were dissolved. Let's call this unknown quantity x.
So the initial concentration of calcium ions is:
moles of Ca2+/total volume of solution = x/(0.1 L) = (2x)/0.2 L = 10x M (since the solution is diluted to 0.2 L by adding 0.1 L of Na2SO4)
Next, we can use the Ksp expression for calcium sulfate:
Ksp = [Ca2+][SO42-]
We know that the Ksp value is 2.4 x 10^5 and the concentration of sulfate ions is 0.010 M (since 0.01 M Na2SO4 was added to the solution). We can use this information to calculate the concentration of calcium ions:
Ksp = [Ca2+][SO42-] = (x/(0.1 L))[0.010 M]
Solving for x, we get:
x = Ksp(0.1 L)/0.010 M = 2.4 x 10^5 (0.1 L)/0.010 M = 2.4 x 10^6 M
Finally, we can convert the concentration of calcium ions to the mass of Ca(NO3)2 dissolved in the initial solution:
mass = moles x molar mass = (10x M)(0.2 L)(164 g/mol) = 328x g
Substituting x = 2.4 x 10^6 M, we get:
mass = 328(2.4 x 10^6 g/mol) = 0.7872 x 10^9 g = 0.7872 g
Rounding to two significant figures, the answer is 0.21 g (B).
What term is used by chemists to quantitatively describe a solution in which a relatively small amount of solute is dissolved?