When 28242 J are transferred to water sample, its temperature increases 18⁰C to 63⁰C. Determine the mass of the water sample.

Answer:

Punnett squares do not provide accurate predictions on the distribution of phenotypes in offspring. ... This makes it difficult to make predictions regarding Down's syndrome since it cannot predict the prevalence of the offspring's genotypes about a population.

Explanation:

Limitations of Punnett squares as models of inheritance include the lack of information about likely variation in small samples such as individual families and the lack of information about population prevalence of parental genotypes (so no predictions can be made about population prevalence of offspring genotypes.

Answer:

Pottasium reacts with water vigorously and the reation is exothermic. The heat released causes the hydrogen released to ignite

Explanation:

The amount of energy gained : 5016 J

Heat can be calculated using the formula:  

Q = mc∆T  

Q = heat, J  

m = mass, g  

c = specific heat, joules / g ° C  

∆T = temperature difference, ° C / K  

mass water = 40 g

c water = 4.18 J/g C

∆T = temperature difference = 50 - 20 = 30 C

Heat gained :

\(\tt Q=40\times 4.18\times 30\\\\Q=5016~J\)

The given block diagram can be reduced to a single block, {T}(\mathrm{s})=\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{s}) /{R}(\mathrm{s}), representing the transfer function.

In a block diagram, blocks represent mathematical operations or transformations, and the arrows indicate the flow of signals. To reduce the given block diagram to a single block, we need to simplify the interconnected blocks and determine the overall transfer function.

The block diagram represents a system with an input signal R(s) and an output signal C(s). The transfer function T(s) represents the relationship between the output C(s) and the input R(s) in the Laplace domain.

To simplify the diagram, we combine the blocks in a way that reflects their overall effect on the input-output relationship. In this case, since we have a single block diagram and the transfer function is already defined as C(s)/R(s), the diagram is already in its simplest form.

Therefore, the single block {T}(s) = C(s)/R(s) represents the overall transfer function of the system, where C(s) is the Laplace transform of the output signal and R(s) is the Laplace transform of the input signal. This single block captures the relationship between the input and output signals in the system.

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Table salt solution is neutral in nature. Lemon juice solution is more acidic in nature and soap solution is slightly basic in nature.

Any combination of one or more solutes that have been dissolved in a solvent is referred to as a solution. To create a homogenous mixture, a solute must dissolve in a solvent. To create a homogenous mixture, a solute must dissolve in a solvent.

The solution of soap is alkaline. Alkaline has a pH greater than 7. While lemon juice has an acidic pH of roughly 2, during metabolism it actually becomes alkaline and has a pH much above 7.

Sodium chloride, or table salt, is the original "salt." A neutral salt is sodium chloride, which is produced by neutralizing sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.

Thus, In this way we can differentiate between table salt solution lemon juice and soap solution.

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Answer:

This answer is 108g mass of aluminum is produced from 100g of aluminum oxide

Answer:

a) three pea halves

b) Electron configuration of the fluorine ion 1s2 2s2 2p6

Explanation:

The fluorine atom has seven electrons in its outermost shell and a total of nine electrons occupying three shells.

In the fluoride ion, the fluorine atom accepts one more electron to complete its outermost shell configuration (to have a filled shell as shown).

Hence the fluoride ion has 10 electrons with an electronic configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6.

First ionisation energy variations are mostly caused by the effects of orbital symmetry.

Over the periodic table, the first ionisation energy fluctuates in a predictable manner. In groups, the ionisation energy drops while rising from left to right during the course of a period.

Four factors influence the initial ionisation energy's size: nuclear charge's size. Outside electrons separation from the nucleus. the inner electrons' shielding action.

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The tapetum lucidum, a reflective substance found in the choroid coat of cows, is responsible for a cow's ability to see at night by reflecting light that is absorbed by the retina back into the retina.

Many vertebrates and certain other creatures have a tissue layer in their eyes called the tapetum lucidum. There is a retroreflector directly behind the retina. It increases the amount of visible light that is available to the photoreceptors by reflecting it back through the retina (although slightly blurring the image). Some animals have excellent night vision thanks to the tapetum lucidum. The majority of these creatures are nocturnal, particularly the carnivores, while others are deep-sea creatures.

Some spider species have comparable adaptations. Humans are haplorhine primates, which do not have a tapetum lucidum and are nocturnal. Animals can see in lower light than they otherwise could thank to the presence of a tapetum lucidum. Iridescent tapetum lucidum reflects light roughly in accordance with thin-film optics' interference principles.

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absorb from soil in the area marked X, breathe in from atmosphere produce themselves eat other organisms absorb from soil

Through B, roots take in water from the soil. Given that the soil environment is hypotonic, liquid will be taken by root hairs through osmosis. Passive absorption characterizes this process. Without using any energy, the water can readily flow from the higher concentration area to the low concentration.

Through root hairs at the very end of the roots, the majority of nutrients are absorbed. Super duper roots called root hairs have a vast surface area, which enables it for them to absorb more water. Most plants collaborate with various fungus to take up additional minerals from the water present in the soil.

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Answer:

Sulfur, Selenium, Oxygen.

Explanation:

In the periodic table, all the elements that are arranged in a group or vertical column have similar properties as well as similar valance electrons. Therefore, the elements sulfur, selenium, and oxygen can be seen in group 16 of the periodic table. Here, the atomic number of oxygen is 8, the atomic number of selenium is 34, and the atomic number of sulfur is 16.

Answer:

Check the following boxes:

Sulfur

Selenium

Oxygen

Explanation: All these nonmetals all have similar chemical properties.

Answer:

          i)  Neon (Ne)

           ii)  Fluoride Ion (F⁻¹)

            iii)  Oxide Ion  (O⁻²)

Explanation:

                  Ions are those charged species which are either positively charged (by loosing electrons) called as cations or negatively charged (by gaining electrons) called as anions.

                 In given examples, Neon is a neutral atom which has an atomic number 10. It contains 10 electrons in its neutral state with the electronic configuration 1s², 2s², 2p⁶.

                 Fluorine atom has an atomic number of 9. Therefore, it contains 9 electrons in its neutral state with an electronic configuration of 1s², 2s², 2p⁵. When Fluorine atom gains one electron it gets 10 electrons with electronic configuration of 1s², 2s², 2p⁶.

                Oxygen atom has an atomic number of 8. Therefore, it contains 8 electrons in its neutral state with an electronic configuration of 1s², 2s², 2p⁴. When Oxygen atom gains two electron it gets 10 electrons with electronic configuration of 1s², 2s², 2p⁶ forming an Oxide Ion.

A plot of lnk vs. 1/T has a slope of -k k E a -Ea/R A. The pace of reaction increases as the concentrations of reactant molecules rise. The average kinetic energy of molecules increases as the reactant concentration rises, which is the best explanation for this occurrence.

Concentration in chemistry is calculated by dividing a constituent's abundance by the mixture's total volume. Mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration are four different categories of mathematical description.

According to the context, the term may or may not include ions that meet this requirement. A molecule is a collection of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds.

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Answer:

a. Atom B will be least likely to react with other atoms as it is contains 10 electrons in neutral state with E.C. : 2,8. Since it has an octet, it is stable and does not react with other atoms.

b. Atom C forms a positive ion. It contains 11 electrons in neutral state with E.C. : 2,8,1. To attain an octet, it will donate an electron to form a positive ion.

The contour interval is 20 m

The elevation at Y, of the point Y is 300 m

The elevation at B is 320 m

The elevation at C is 360 m

The vertical separation or difference in elevation between contour lines is referred to as a contour interval.

Every fifth contour line is a set of bold or thicker lines known as an index contour. The height of the terrain will also rise if the numbers linked with particular contour lines are rising.

There are three types of contour lines: intermediate, index, and supplementary.

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Answer:

the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere, due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.

Answer:

The warming of a planet due to trapped radiation.

Approximately 12.87 grams of CO2 (in its solid form) would be needed to fill a 6.5L bag with CO2 gas.

To determine the mass of CO2 (carbon dioxide) needed to fill a 6.5L bag with CO2 gas, we need to consider the density of CO2 and use it to convert the volume of gas to mass.

Carbon dioxide exists in both gaseous and solid forms. The solid form, CO2(s), is commonly known as dry ice. When it sublimes, it directly converts from a solid to a gas without passing through a liquid state.

To find the mass of CO2 needed, we first need to know the density of CO2 in its gaseous state. The density of CO2 gas can vary depending on temperature and pressure. However, at standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is defined as 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere of pressure, the density of CO2 gas is approximately 1.98 grams per liter (g/L).

Now, let's calculate the mass of CO2 needed to fill the 6.5L bag:

Mass = Volume × Density

Mass = 6.5 L × 1.98 g/L

Mass ≈ 12.87 grams

Therefore, approximately 12.87 grams of CO2 (in its solid form) would be needed to fill a 6.5L bag with CO2 gas.

It's important to note that the actual mass required may vary depending on factors such as temperature, pressure, and the specific properties of the CO2 being used.

Additionally, this calculation assumes that the CO2 undergoes a complete conversion from solid to gas, without any losses or changes in density during the process.

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The reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures when ΔH < 0 and ΔS > 0. The answer is c.

For a spontaneous reaction, the Gibbs free energy change (∆G_rxn) must be negative. The Gibbs free energy (∆G_rxn) is related to enthalpy (∆H_rxn) and entropy (∆S_rxn) changes through the equation: ∆G_rxn = ∆H_rxn - T∆S_rxn, where T is the temperature in Kelvin.

A reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures when ∆G_rxn is negative, which occurs when ∆H_rxn is negative and ∆S_rxn is positive. This is because the negative ∆H_rxn term favors the reaction to occur, while the positive ∆S_rxn term increases the number of accessible microstates and favors the randomness of the system.

Among the given options, only option c, where ∆H < 0 and ∆S > 0, satisfies the condition for a spontaneous reaction at all temperatures.

In the other options, either ∆H or ∆S or both are not in favor of a spontaneous reaction at all temperatures.

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Answer:

B. They travel at the same speed through any one material.

Explanation:

Answer:

I think its tetrahedra or octahedra

When it comes to determining whether a temperature is hot or cold, it's important to consider the context and what the temperature is being compared to. In general, temperatures above 50 degrees Celsius (122 degrees Fahrenheit) are considered to be hot, while temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit) are considered to be cold.

However, it's important to note that 50 degrees Celsius (122 degrees Fahrenheit) is considered to be a very high temperature. This temperature is above the average body temperature of 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit) and it can cause heat-related illnesses if exposed to it for prolonged periods.

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It will take 173.6 years for the site to reach an acceptable level of radiation.

After the nuclear disaster in Russia, radioactive-iodine was found to be five times the maximum acceptable limit. Radioactive iodine decomposes into atoms of a more stable substance at a rate proportional to the amount of radioactive iodine present. The proportionality coefficient for radioactive iodine is about 0.004 per year.

We have to determine how long it will take for the site to reach an acceptable level of radiation.

Decay constant for radioactive iodine = 0.004 per year

We know that the radioactive iodine will decompose into more stable substance at a rate proportional to the amount of radioactive iodine present.

The formula used to calculate the decay of radioactive substance is given by:

N = N₀e^(-λt)

Where, N₀ is the initial number of radioactive nuclei

N is the number of radioactive nuclei after time tλ is the decay constant

t is the time passed

Thus, the formula for calculating the decay of radioactive iodine is given by:

N = N₀e^(-0.004t)

The acceptable level of radioactive iodine is considered as N = N₀/5

Putting N = N₀/5 in the formula, we have:

N₀/5 = N₀e^(-0.004t)

Simplifying the above equation, we get:

e^(-0.004t) = 1/5

Taking the natural log of both sides, we get:-0.004t = ln(1/5)

Solving the above equation for t, we get:

t = 173.6 years.

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If the eyes are not yet impacted, wash the face without taking off the goggles. Dry the chemical with paper towels or remove it with a wipe.

chemicals that contact the face or eyes In the event that chemicals come into contact with the face or eyes, utilize the eyewash station. Quickly wash your eyes for at least 15 minutes with flowing water from an eyewash station. To make the eyes stay open while flushing, gently open the eyelids with your fingertips.

DO NOT TAKE OFF your goggles if a chemical splashes on your face while you are wearing them. After cleaning the afflicted area, carefully take off your goggles covering your eyes. Burns: For 20 minutes, flush the area with cool water and let the instructor know.

The skin must be quickly cleansed with water for at least fifteen minutes after contaminated clothing has been removed. Before being worn again, clothes must be cleaned. For more details, see First Aid for Chemical Exposures.

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The non-polar compound is likely to have limited solubility in the aqueous layer and could be extracted using a non-polar organic solvent like dichloromethane or diethyl ether

a) Based on structural arguments, this compound is likely to have limited solubility in the aqueous layer. The molecule appears to be non-polar, as it has mostly C-H and C-C bonds with very few polar functional groups. In contrast, water is a polar solvent that readily dissolves polar and ionic compounds due to its ability to interact with charged or polar molecules. Therefore, it is unlikely that this non-polar compound would dissolve significantly in the aqueous layer, and it is more likely to partition into an organic solvent.

b) A common organic solvent that would be most suitable for extraction of this compound from water is a non-polar solvent such as dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) or diethyl ether (Et2O). The compound is non-polar and would preferentially dissolve in a non-polar solvent rather than the polar aqueous layer. Therefore, the organic solvent would form the top layer in the separation funnel, and the compound could be extracted into it by shaking the mixture and allowing the layers to separate.

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Answer:

In a physical change the appearance or form of the matter changes but the kind of matter in the substance does not. However in a chemical change, the kind of matter changes and at least one new substance with new properties is formed.

Explanation:

Answer:

Diffusion and Dispersion.

Explanation:

The two processes that took place in the given experiment are Diffusion and Dispersion.

When a crystal of potassium magnet is added placed in the bottom of a beaker which contains cold water, after 5 minutes the particles of potassium magnet will diffuse with water through diffusion process and the colour of water turns purple.

After few hours, the colour of solution goes light purple because the tiny particles which were diffused earlier will dispersed in the water and the particles will spread and make the solution lighter in colour.

Hence, the two processes are Diffusion and Dispersion.

A saturated solution of the hypothetical salt, MA, has A M ion concentration of 0.000246 m.  the value of ksp is 6.05 × 10⁻⁸.

The equation is given as :

MA   ⇄  M⁺   +   A⁻

concentration for [M⁺] = 0.000246 M

concentration for [A⁻] = 0.000246 M

The solubility product constant is the product of concentration of ions in a saturated solution with concentration raises to the power the number of time concentration is present.

The formula for the solubility product constant, Ksp is given as :

Ksp = [M⁺]  [A⁻]

Ksp = (0.000246)(0.000246)

Ksp = 0.0000000605 = 6.05 × 10⁻⁸

Thus, A saturated solution of the hypothetical salt, ma, has a m ion concentration of 0.000246 m.  the value of ksp is 6.05 × 10⁻⁸.

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