What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated, from earliest to most recent? 1. tetrapods 2. vertebrates 3. deuterostomes 4. amniotes 5. bilaterians a. 5→3→2→4→1 b. 5→3→2→1→4 C. d. e. 10. 3- 5--4-2 1 3→5→2→1→4
Answers
The probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated, from earliest to most recent, is: b. 5→3→2→1→4
5. Bilaterians
3. Deuterostomes
2. Vertebrates
1. Tetrapods
4. Amniotes
Bilaterians are the earliest clade to have originated. They are characterized by having bilateral symmetry, which means their bodies can be divided into two halves that are mirror images of each other.
Deuterostomes are the next clade to have originated. They include animals such as echinoderms (e.g., starfish) and chordates (e.g., vertebrates). Deuterostomes are characterized by a particular pattern of embryonic development called deuterostomy.
Vertebrates are the third clade to have originated. They are characterized by having a backbone or spinal column. Vertebrates include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Tetrapods are the fourth clade to have originated. They are characterized by having four limbs or limbs that have evolved from four-limbed ancestors. Tetrapods include amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Amniotes are the most recent clade to have originated. They are characterized by having an amniotic egg, which allows them to reproduce on land. Amniotes include reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Therefore, the probable sequence is Option B. 5→3→2→1→4, with bilaterians being the earliest and amniotes being the most recent clade to have originated.
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Related Questions
(Score for Question 3:
of [3] points)
3. Explain the role of a hypothesis in a scientific investigation.
Answer:
Short answer please
Answers
Answer:
When a scientific problem is posed and clearly defined, in the search for its final solution, one starts from a hypothesis.
Explanation:
A hypothesis is a solution to a scientific problem that is:
thoughtfully clearly formulated in the statement trial significant (non-trivial) logically and experientially permissible theoretically well explained by available scientific knowledge experientially verifiableIn humans, the ability to produce the pigment melanin is dominant over the lack of that ability, a condition known as albinism. If an albino man and a woman who is heterozygous for this trait marry and have a child, how likely is their baby to be an albino?
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as it has become increasingly clear to paleoanthropologists that human beings are the product of mosaic evolution is called
Answers
The concept that human beings are the result of mosaic evolution, where different traits evolve at different rates and times, is referred to as "hominin mosaic evolution".
Mosaic evolution is a concept in paleoanthropology that recognizes that different traits or characteristics in a species can evolve at different rates and times. Rather than a linear or gradual progression, mosaic evolution suggests that different parts or aspects of an organism can undergo independent evolutionary changes.
In the context of human evolution, it has become increasingly clear to paleoanthropologists that our species, Homo sapiens, is the product of mosaic evolution. This means that various traits, such as brain size, bipedal locomotion, tool use, language development, and social behaviors, may have evolved at different rates and stages throughout our evolutionary history.
For example, the enlargement of the human brain likely occurred at a different pace compared to the evolution of bipedalism or the development of complex social structures. This mosaic pattern of evolution is reflected in the fossil record, genetic studies, and comparative anatomy.
By understanding and studying mosaic evolution, paleoanthropologists gain insights into the complex and dynamic nature of human evolution, highlighting the diverse and interconnected processes that have shaped our species over time.
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you have two bean burritos with the same ingredients. One burrito weighs 0.3 pounds, while the other weighs 0.5 pounds. After microwaving each of them for one minute, which burrito will be hotter? Explain your answer.
Answers
Answer:
the one that weighs less
Explanation:
the one that weighs less has less of the amount of ingredients in it which takes less long to cook and heats up faster
Answer:
0.3 pounds
Explanation:
I say that because since there is less weight on one of them, it doesn’t have to be cooked as long, or else it may get cooked TOO uh since it weighs less, while the other one may be cooked perfectly since there is more to cook.
A young goat has downward-curved horns. Its father has upward-curved horns while its mother has downward-curved horns. Which of these statements is the explanation?
Answers
Statement 1 is the correct one because every individual receives one copy of the gene from their mother and one from their father.
The process by which a gene's information is used to create a functioning gene product, such as proteins or non-coding RNA, is known as gene expression. Transcription is the process through which the information in the gene is initially transformed into RNA.
And, then the information in the RNA will be translated into protein. This results in the synthesis of functional or non-functional proteins. For goat's horn, the protein keratin is required to buildup a tough structure.
Therefore, in the given situation, the gene combination regulates the shape of the horn of a young goat. Therefore, the correct statement is 1.
The complete question is -
A young goat has downward-curved horns. Its father has upward-curved horns while its mother has downward-curved horns. Which of these statements explains why the young goat has downward-curved horns?
1. The young goat inherited one copy of the gene for horn shape from its mother and one copy from its father. That gene combination instructs for proteins that connect in ways that make downward-curved horns.
2. The young goat inherited one copy of the gene for horn shape from its mother and one copy from its father. Those genes connect together to make its downward-curved horns.
3. The young goat inherited its copies of the gene for horn shape from its mother and not from its father. Just like its mother's genes, those genes instruct for proteins that connect in ways that make its downward-curved horns.
4. The young goat inherited its copies of the gene for horn shape from its mother and not from its father. Those genes connect together to make its downward-curved horns.
Which one is the answer?
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All living things, including cells, reproduce. Under the right conditions, the number of
yeast cells in a population can double every 20 seconds. Like all organisms, yeast
must also compete for available resources. The graph shows how a population of
yeasts changed over time. The yeast were grown in a glass jar that contained a warm
sugar water solution. Which of the following best explains why the population of yeast
cells began to rapidly decrease after 40 minute?
The yeasts became infected
and began to die.
As the yeast population
Increased, their food source
decreased.
The water was too warm for
the yeasts causing them to
die.
As the yeasts became older,
they just stopped reproducing
Answers
Answer:
as the yeast supply increased food source decreased...
Explanation:
overpopulation of the yeast population would decrease, their food source decreased because, just like any population, any decrease in a food source means a decrease in life...
The diagnostic procedure that images the structures of the blood vessels and the flow of blood through these vessels is known as.
Answers
Answer:
Angiography
Explanation:
Doctors often use angiography that images the structure of blood vessels and the flow of blood through these vessels.
Angiography uses x-rays to take images of blood vessels and detect the flow of blood through these vessels.Useful in showing blocked or narrowed blood vessel for the diagnosis of any coronary disease.\(\rule[225]{225}{2}\)
Hope this helped!
~AH1807distinguish between diabetes mellitus and diabetes inspidus
Answers
Answer:
When your pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin to control the amount of glucose,or sugar in your blood
2)convert 3900 GM into kilogram
Answers
Answer:
3.9Kg
Explanation:
Answer:
3.9 Kilogram
Explanation:
expalain the importance of managing water transport across the cell membrane
Answers
Water movement across cell membranes is necessary for cellular integrity, but it can cause problems.
What is cell membrane?The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is found in all cells and serves to separate the cell's interior from the outside environment. The cell membrane is build up of a semipermeable lipid bilayer. The cell membrane controls the transport of materials into and out of the cell.Water moves across cell membranes via diffusion and osmosis. The total solute concentrations and the permeabilities of the solutes relative to water determine the effective osmolality of a biological fluid.A small difference in solute concentration causes a large osmotic pressure gradient across the cell membrane, and animal cell membranes cannot withstand any significant pressure gradient.Without water, cell membranes will indeed lack structure, and cells will be unable to put important molecules within the cell and harmful molecules outside the cell.To learn more about cell membrane refer to :
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How does osmoregulation take place in trout fish?
Answers
Answer:
The gills actively uptake salt from the environment by the use of mitochondria-rich cells. some marine fish, like sharks, have adopted a different, efficient mechanism to conserve water, osmoregulation. they retain urea in their blood in relatively higher concentration.
Explanation:
Drag each scenario to the correct location on the table.
For each scenario given, decide wether allopatric or sympatric speciation would be the likely result.
Answers
As an island splits in two and the halves drift apart, a population of local birds is divided and The construction of a road divides a rabbit population are allopatric.
Allopatric: What is it?
The term "speciation" is used to describe how new species are formed during the process of evolution.
Allopatric speciation is also known as geographic or vicariant speciation.
In a group of mice, some mice consume only fruit, while others only consume seeds, Some female African cichlids will only mate with blue-colored males,
While others will only mate with red-colored males and the sympatric. Some beetles in a community will only pair up at night,
While others will only pair up during the day are all sympatric .
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Why can an electric current pass easily through a metal?
1-The positive nuclei metal atoms strongly attract their negative valence electrons
2-Positively charged metal ions move freely from one end of a metal to the other
3-Negatively charged electrons can move freely through a metal
4- positively charged metal ions are arranged in crystals
Answers
Answer: The Correct answer is 3) Negatively charged electrons can move freely through a metal
Explanation:
The electric current can pass easily through a metal because the electrons or negatively charged ions are relatively free to move in metals. So, whenever current pass-through metals, electrons carry electricity and pass it through the metal. The movement of these electrons are the reason for conduction of current in metals.
Answer:Negatively charged electrons can move freely through a metal
When S strain bacteria were killed by being heated to 60C, then mixed with live strain bacteria and injected into mice, a greater % of
mice died than when the strain bacteria were heated to 100C. Can you propose an explanation for these observations?
Answers
Answer:
Due to live strain bacteria.
Explanation:
The first method cause more damage to the mice as compared to the second method because in the first method the killed bacteria were mixed with the live strain bacteria. This live strain bacteria causes diseases in the mice and eventually killed the mice while on the other hand, all the bacteria were killed due to very high temperature so that's why first method causes more damage than second one.
can you match terms related to operons to their definitions? drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.
Answers
1. OPERON: An OPERON is a stretch of DNA consisting of an operator, a promoter and genes for a related set of proteins usually making up an entire metabolic pathway.
2. GENES OF AN OPERON: The GENES OF AN OPERON are arranged sequentially after the promoter.
3. PROMOTER: A PROMOTER is a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase, positioning it to start transcribing RNA at the appropriate place.
4. REGULATORY GENE: A REGULATORY GENE codes for a protein, such as a repressor that controls the transcription of another gene or group of genes.
5. OPERATOR: Regulatory protein binds to the OPERATOR to control the expression of the operon.
6. REPRESSOR: A REPRESSOR is a protein that inhibits gene transcription. In prokaryotes, this protein binds to the DNA in or near the promoter.
7. INDUCER: AN INDUCER is a specific small molecule that binds to a bacterial regulatory protein and changes its shape so that it cannot bind to an operator, thus switching an operon on.
An operon refers to a unit of DNA which is made up of connected genes that regulate a particular protein synthesis. Operons are found in prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses. Operon allows the protein synthesis in these organisms to be controlled coordinately in response to the needs of the cell. Proteins are produced only when they are needed, thus the operon helps the cell to conserve energy. An example of a well studied operon is the Lac operon of E. coli.
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(Part a - operon vocabulary can you match terms related to operons to their definitions? drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences)
Which rock is an example of a chemical sedimentary rock?
Answers
Answer:
Limestone
Explanation:
The most common chemical sedimentary rock, by far, is limestone. Others include chert, banded iron formation, and a variety of rocks that form when bodies of water evaporate. Biological processes are important in the formation of some chemical sedimentary rocks, especially limestone and chert.
Develop a groundnut production, function of management control system for a project that can be used at the university farmi farms.
Answers
A groundnut production management control system for a university farm project can be developed to ensure efficient planning, monitoring, and evaluation of groundnut farming activities.
Groundnut production at a university farm requires effective management control to optimize the farming process and achieve desired outcomes. The development of a management control system involves three key steps:
Planning: The first step is to establish a comprehensive plan for groundnut production. This includes determining the desired yield, selecting suitable groundnut varieties, estimating resource requirements (such as land, seeds, fertilizers, and labor), and creating a timeline for various farming activities.
Monitoring: Once the plan is in place, regular monitoring is essential to ensure that the farming activities are progressing as intended. Monitoring can involve activities such as regular field visits, data collection on plant growth, pest and disease incidence, and irrigation management. It also includes keeping track of resource usage, such as fertilizer and water consumption, to identify any deviations from the planned targets.
Evaluation: Evaluation is a crucial step in the management control system as it allows for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of the groundnut production process. This involves analyzing the collected data, comparing it with the initial plan, and identifying areas for improvement. Evaluation helps in identifying successful practices that can be replicated in future farming cycles and also highlights any challenges or bottlenecks that need to be addressed.
In summary, the development of a groundnut production management control system for a university farm project involves planning, monitoring, and evaluation. This systematic approach ensures that the groundnut farming activities are carried out efficiently, leading to improved yields and overall success of the project.
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natalizumab treatment 28 days after infection led to stabilization of neuronal injury, reduced numbers of monocytes/macrophages, and reduced productive infection.
Answers
The discussion of natalizumab treatment 28 days after infection led to stabilization of neuronal injury, reduced numbers of monocytes/macrophages, and reduced productive infection is given in below paragraph-
HIV peripheral neuropathy's pathogenesis depends on the flow of activated monocytes into the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In SIV-infected macaques, we have demonstrated that increase of freshly recruited (bromodeoxyuridine+ MAC387+) monocytes is linked to severe DRG pathology and loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers. Here, we used natalizumab, which binds to 4-integrins, to treat mice to prevent leukocyte flow. When natalizumab was administered either early (the day of infection) or late (28 days after infection), SIV-infected CD8-depleted macaques were compared to untreated SIV-infected animals slain at comparable dates.
Histopathology revealed diminished DRG pathology with natalizumab therapy, including diminished neuronophagia, inflammation, and Nageotte nodules. When given natalizumab, DRG tissues had less bromodeoxyuridine+ (early), MAC387+ (late), CD68+ (early and late), and SIVp28+ (late) macrophages. Natalizumab treatment had no impact on the quantity of CD3+ T cells in DRGs. All mice given natalizumab experienced decreased levels of the adhesion molecule vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, which regulates leukocyte flow. These results indicate a role for monocyte traffic and activation in HIV peripheral neuropathy by demonstrating that restricting monocyte traffic to the DRG, but not T lymphocyte traffic, reduces inflammation and disease.
What are macrophages?Macrophages are a specific type of white blood cell that surround and eliminate pathogens, clear away dead cells, and activate other immune system cells.
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How many atoms are there in 25 grams of calcium
Answers
Answer:
The molecular weight of calcium carbonate is 100 g per mole. 25 g of calcium carbonate corresponds to 0.25mole. 1 molecule of calcium carbonate contains three oxygen atoms. Thus, 0.25 mole of calcium carbonate will contain 0.75 moles of oxygen atoms which is equal to 0.75×6.02×10^23=4.51×10^23 oxygen atoms.
Explanation:
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______________ direct RNA polymerase to the initiation site.
[ Choose ] operons transcription bubbles enhancers repressors promoters consensus sequences inducers stem loops RNA Polymerase primers
RNA synthesis complexes containing DNA, RNA, and polymerase are called ______________.
[ Choose ] operons transcription bubbles enhancers repressors promoters consensus sequences inducers stem loops RNA Polymerase primers
The expression of beta-galactosidase is enhanced by the addition of ______________.
Choose ] operons transcription bubbles enhancers repressors promoters consensus sequences inducers stem loops RNA Polymerase primers
Answers
Promoters direct RNA polymerase to the initiation site.
RNA synthesis complexes containing DNA, RNA, and polymerase are called transcription bubbles.
The expression of beta-galactosidase is enhanced by the addition of repressors.
A promoter is the DNA sequence, where RNA polymerase starts to transcribe a gene. Promoter sequences are located directly upstream or it can be at the 5′ end of the transcription initiation site. Molecular structure formed during DNA transcription is known as transcription bubbles, when a very small portion of the DNA double helix is unwound. The size range of a transcription bubble is from 12-14 base pairs. Repressors are proteins that reduces or turn of gene expression, which is reflected by reduced mRNA production from the affected gene.
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Conservationists have noticed a reduction in biodiversity on both a genetic level and a species level for two forested areas in the Southeast. A model of the size and separation of the forested areas is shown here. What solutions might the conservationists propose in order to maintain or increase the genetic diversity and the species diversity within those forested areas? Select ALL that apply.
Answers
Answer:
A , C , E
Explanation:
Thank Me Later !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Answer:
1
Explanation:
a positive tuberculin skin test is an example of . group of answer choices psoriasis innate immunity autoimmunity acute contact dermatitis delayed cell-mediated immunity
Answers
A positive tuberculin skin test is an example of delayed cell-mediated immunity.
The tuberculin skin test (TST) is a screening test that aids in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection. The test is also known as the Mantoux test. The test includes injecting a little quantity of a substance called tuberculin into the skin of the forearm.
Tuberculosis is transmitted through the air and affects the lungs in most instances. The bacteria may cause a latent tuberculosis infection, in which the immune system is capable of halting its development. This means that the bacteria are alive but not active in the body, and a person with latent tuberculosis infection does not have TB disease symptoms.
Delayed cell-mediated immunity, which is a specific immune reaction, is responsible for keeping the bacteria under control. This immunity is indicated by a positive tuberculin skin test. A reaction occurs at the site of the injection after 48-72 hours if a person has this immunity.
A medical professional reads the test reaction, and the results determine the degree of immunity.
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in the past decade, there have been many volcanic eruptions. after an eruption, the lava flow leaves behind only bare rock, providing a surface for primary succession. which statement describes an important function provided by the first organisms to colonize the area that facilitates colonization by other organisms in later stages of succession? please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices small mammals bring seeds to the area, rock weathering creates soil, and plants can grow, so that other organisms are able to colonize and feed on the plants. r-selected strategists, grasses, and insects move in and quickly blanket the area with vegetation, so that other organisms can colonize the area. rock is broken down by rock weathering and the lichens and mosses that have moved in, providing soil for other organisms to colonize the area. k-selected strategists move in and form established communities that facilitate the arrival of other species to colonize the area.
Answers
Lichens decompose the rocks after an earthquake or volcanic eruption to create new, nutrient-rich soils. Primary succession is the name given to this procedure.
The mosses and lichens that have colonized the area assist in weathering the rock, which breaks it down and enables other species to live in soil. When a volcanic explosion like those on Hawaii's Big Island occurs, for example, or when exposed rock is created. Primary succession is the name given to this procedure. New land is continuously formed when the volcanic lava flows into the ocean. The pioneer species can eventually be replaced by less hardy species thanks to the assistance of these species in further decomposing the mineral-rich volcanic lava into soil. Additionally, when these early species grow and perish, they contribute to.
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Adipose tissue is now known to be both an endocrine and a paracrine organ because of the factors it secretes. what are these factors
Answers
Adipose tissue is a complex and dynamic organ that secretes a wide range of factors, including hormones, cytokines, growth factors, and adipokines.
These factors have a significant impact on a variety of physiological processes, including metabolism, inflammation, and immune function. Some of the key factors secreted by adipose tissue include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, and TNF-alpha.
Leptin is a hormone that regulates appetite and energy balance by signaling the brain to reduce food intake and increase energy expenditure. Adiponectin is a hormone that plays a key role in insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Resistin is a cytokine that is involved in inflammation and insulin resistance, while visfatin is a hormone that regulates glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
TNF-alpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is secreted by adipose tissue and plays a role in the development of obesity-related inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. These factors, along with many others, demonstrate the importance of adipose tissue as an endocrine and paracrine organ that influences a variety of physiological processes. Understanding the functions of adipose tissue and its secreted factors is critical for developing new treatments for obesity, diabetes, and other related conditions.
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Which of the following is a potential benefit of a disturbance to a
community?
O a decrease in availability of resources
o the community may be unable to recover
O some species depend on disturbances
O links between the native species break
Answers
Answer:
I'm pretty sure it is 'some species depend on disterbences'
The potential benefit of a disturbance to a community is that some species depend on disturbances.
Importance of disturbance in a communityCommunity disturbance can be defined as a force, which may be biological or non biological, that results in mortality of organisms or loss of biomass.
Different types of disturbance that can affect a community include:
fires, storms, diseases, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, contaminant spills, and land clearing.Some species depends on community disturbance because the cleared habitat caused by the disturbance leads to species movement into the newly cleared area, that is, secondary succession.
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necesito un impacto negativo de la biodiversidad del mosquito aedeomyia squamiennis
ayuda:/
Answers
Answer:
El cambio climático tiene un impacto negativo.
Explicación:
El impacto negativo en la biodiversidad del mosquito aedeomyia squamiennis se debe al cambio climático que disminuye su población porque el cambio climático hace que el medio ambiente sea desfavorable para el mosquito. Debido a este cambio climático, aquellos organismos que se adoptan de acuerdo con el cambio ambiental pueden sobrevivir pero aquellos que no pueden extinguirse del medio ambiente, por lo que podemos decir que el cambio climático tiene un efecto negativo en la biodiversidad del mosquito aedeomyia squamiennis.
Oxidative phosphorylation refers to __________. the electron transport chain coupled to glycolysis the citric acid cycle coupled to ATP synthesis beta-oxidation coupled to ATP synthesis the electron transport chain coupled to ATP synthesis
Answers
Oxidative phosphorylation refers (D) the electron transport chain coupled to ATP synthesis. It is the process by which cells generate ATP from the energy released by the oxidation of nutrients.
It takes place in the mitochondria, and it involves the electron transport chain, which is a series of proteins that transfer electrons from one molecule to another. As electrons are transferred down the chain, energy is released, which is used to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This creates a proton gradient, which drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
The other options are incorrect. Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration, and it does not involve oxidative phosphorylation.
The citric acid cycle is the second step in cellular respiration, and it produces NADH and FADH₂, which are used in oxidative phosphorylation. Beta-oxidation is a process that breaks down fatty acids, and it does not involve oxidative phosphorylation.
Therefore, (D) the electron transport chain coupled to ATP synthesis is the correct option.
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Complete question :
Oxidative phosphorylation refers _____________.
(A) the electron transport chain coupled to glycolysis
(B) the citric acid cycle coupled to ATP synthesis
(C) beta-oxidation coupled to ATP synthesis
(D) the electron transport chain coupled to ATP synthesis
what are the general trends in temperature and density from the photosphere to the chromosphere to the corona?
Answers
The temperature increases and density decreases, are the general trends in temperature and density from the photosphere to the chromosphere to the corona.
The photosphere creates the normal solar spectrum; during an eclipse, the brilliant photosphere is obscured by the Moon, leaving three objects visible: (1) the chromosphere, a thin, pink ring around the edge of the Sun; (2) the corona, a pearly, faint halo; and (3) pink clouds of gas known as prominences suspended above the surface.
Astronomers discovered a number of unexpected phenomena when they first got flash spectra—spectra of the atmosphere during an eclipse. Initially, they saw emission lines rather than absorption lines (bright lines at certain wavelengths with nothing between them).
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Which cell process is best modeled by the diagram above?
facilitated diffusion
passive transport
exocytosis
osmosis
Answers
Answer:
osmosis
Explanation:
trust me i know it
answer d osmosis
explanation
Why does the body attack a transplanted organ?
Answers
Answer:
A body attacks a transplanted organ because it does not recognize it as being made of self cells. It knows this because the new organ has antigens, a form of proteins that coat the organ. When a body's immune system recognizes these antigens and they are not similar enough to the body's own antigen's, it attacks to try and keep itself safe and healthy.
Explanation: