Use the following infoation to answer the next two questions. In 1989, the oil tanker Exxon Valdezhit ground and a hole was ripped in its hull. Millions of gallons of crude oil spread along the coast of Alaska. In some places, the oil soaked 2 feet deep into the beaches. There seemed to be no way to clean up the spill. Then scientists decided to enlist the help of bacteria that are found naturally on Alaskan beaches. Some of these bacteria break down hydrocarbons into simpler, less haful substances such as carbon dioxide and water. The problem was that there were not enough of these bacteria to handle the huge amount of oil. To make the bacteria multiply faster, the scientists sprayed a chemical that acted as a fertilizer along 70 miles of coastline. Within 15 days, the number of bacteria had tripled. The beaches that had been treated with the chemical were much cleaner than those that had not. Without this bacterial activity, Alaska's beaches might still be covered with oil. This process of using organisms to eliminate toxic materials is called bioremediation. Bioremediation is being used to clean up gasoline that leaks into the soil under gas stations. At factories that process wood pulp, scientists are using microorganisms to break down phenols (a poisonous by-product of the process) into haless salts. Bacteria also can break down acid 3 drainage that seeps out of abandoned coal mines, and explosives, such as TNT. Bacteria are used in sewage treatment plants to clean water. Bacteria also reduce acid rain by removing sulphur from coal before it is burned. Because North America produces more than 600 million tons of toxic waste a year, bioremediation may soon become a big business. If scientists can identify microorganisms that attack all the kinds of waste we produce, expensive treatment plants and dangerous toxic dumps might be put out of business. 7. Describe one economic advantage of bioremediation. 8. Describe one environmental problem that may possibly result from using microorganisms to fight pollution.

The final temperature of the water is 33.02°C.

Here's the solution:

Initial temperature of water (T1) = 30°C

Mass of water (m) = 2300g

Specific heat capacity of water (c) = 4.184 J/g°C

Heat released by the reaction (q) = 9.66 * 10^3 J

Final temperature of water (T2) = (T1 + q/mc)

= (30°C + 9.66 * 10^3 J / 2300g * 4.184 J/g°C)

= 33.02°C

The heat released by the reaction is absorbed by the water, causing the temperature of the water to increase.

The final temperature of the water is calculated by adding the heat released by the reaction to the initial temperature of the water and dividing by the mass of the water and the specific heat capacity of water.

Thus, the final temperature of the water is 33.02°C.

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Answer:

D for answer

Explanation:

The air column determines the frequency of the sound produced, less air column produces increased frequency. Jar B has lesser air column above water and it will produce higher pitch.

Answer: Example: Find the molecular of the water molecule. Solution: The formula of the water molecule is H₂O. The atomic mass of hydrogen = 1 amu. The atomic mass of oxygen = 16 amu. Molar mass of water = 2 *1 + 16 = 18 amu. Example: What will be the relative molar mass of the hydrogen molecule. Solution: Hydrogen molecule represented by H₂.

hope this works

Answer:

Basic

Aqueous

Protonated

Reconstitute

Explanation:

Aniline contains the -NH2 group in which the hydrogen atom bears a lone pair of electrons which is capable of accepting a proton hence aniline is basic.

This lone pair makes it possible for aniline to be protonated to yield an ionic substance which enters into the aqueous phase.

Addition of a base leads to the reconstitution of the aniline.

The body is composed of several systems. Each system involves various organs and associated structures.

The correct answer is "The excretory system is different from the digestive system because it removes waste from the body by filtering food, which

includes mostly the by-products of metabolism."

The digestive system is mostly concerned with the breakdown of food and its subsequent absorption in the body. Several organs are responsible for this from the mouth to the small intestine.

The excretory system filters removes wastes from the body by filtering food substances which  includes mostly the by-products of metabolism.

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The hybridization change that occurs for phosphorus in the reaction PCl3 + Cl2 → PCl5 is sp3 → sp3d.The hybridization change that occurs for phosphorus in the reaction PCl3 + Cl2 → PCl5 is sp3 → sp3d.PCl3 + Cl2 → PCl5The above reaction is a balanced chemical equation.

The phosphorus (P) atom in PCl3 has a hybridization of sp3, whereas the Cl2 molecule has a hybridization of sp2. During the formation of PCl5, there is a hybridization change in the phosphorus atom from sp3 to sp3d.A change in the hybridization of an atom occurs when it is involved in a chemical reaction. The changes in hybridization occur due to the difference in electronegativity of the atoms in the reactants or due to the bond formation.

For instance, in the reaction PCl3 + Cl2 → PCl5, the reaction occurs due to the formation of a covalent bond between the P atom in PCl3 and Cl atom in Cl2. This causes the electrons in the 3p subshell of the P atom to undergo excitation, resulting in the hybridization change from sp3 to sp3d.Hence, the correct answer is sp3 → sp3d.

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The seasonal shifts of Earth's planetary wind and moisture belts are due to changes in the latitude that receives the sun's vertical rays.

The latitude refers to the specific geographic coordinates at some point of the Earth in relation to the Equator line.

Latitude and longitude are geographic coordinates that allow to localize a specific point in the world by using the center of the Earth's planet as point of origin.

The amount of sun rays received by a given latitude largely depends on the season since the Earth's planet has a light inclination that alter this amount of radiation.

In conclusion, the seasonal shifts are due to changes in the latitude that receives the sun's vertical rays.

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Respuesta:

Los modelo atómicos han permitido representar el modo de funcionamiento de los átomos. A lo largo de la historia han surgido un numero de modelos atómicos diferentes incluyendo los modelos de Bohr, Thomson, Rutherford, Sommerfeld, Dalton y Schrödinger.

Explicación:

El modelo atómico propuesto por John Dalton (1808) demostró que las sustancias químicas reaccionan en proporciones fijas y cómo mediante su combinación se producen elementos diferentes. Dalton fue el primero en postular la existencia de elementos indivisibles llamados átomos. A continuación, Thomson (1904) desarrolló un modelo en el cual el átomo estaba compuesto por protones con carga positiva y electrones con carga negativa los cuales se incrustaban uniformemente dentro de este átomo, asemejándose a las pasas de uva de un budín. En 1911, Ernest Rutherford desarrolló un nuevo modelo donde la masa principal del átomo tenía carga positiva y se localizaban en el núcleo, mientras que los electrones con carga negativa se posicionaban en la región externa del átomo. Subsecuentemente, Niels Bohr (1913) represento el funcionamiento del átomo de hidrógeno mediante un protón inmóvil en el núcleo atómico y un electrón girando a su alrededor. El modelo atómico de Sommerfeld permitió generalizar el diagrama de Bohr a otros tipos de átomos mas allá del Hidrógeno, incluyendo diferentes niveles energéticos para cada átomo particular. El modelo de Schrödinger​ (1926) permitió corregir aquellas discordancias surgidas del modelo atómico de Bohr. Schrödinger incluyó diferentes niveles y subniveles de energía a los electrones e incorporó órbitas elípticas a su movimiento, con lo cual permitiendo predecir los efectos relativos de los campos magnético y eléctrico sobre el movimiento de los electrones.

Answer:

let the number be x

so (x+6)/3 =5

x+6=15

x=9

\(\\ \rm\rightarrowtail 2HCl+CaCO_3\longrightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)

On both sides

Hence balanced

The law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution indicates that the rate at which one input can be substituted for another decreases as the quantity of one input increases, leading to isoquants being bent toward the origin.

In other words, as the quantity of one good increases, the individual is willing to sacrifice fewer units of the other good to obtain an additional unit of the first good. This reflects a diminishing rate of substitution between the two goods.

The reason why the law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution suggests that isoquants must be bent toward the origin is rooted in the concept of diminishing marginal utility. As more units of a particular input (e.g., labor or capital) are added while holding other inputs constant, the additional output gained from each additional unit of the input will decrease. This diminishing marginal productivity leads to a decreasing MRS.

When isoquants (which represent different combinations of inputs that produce the same level of output) are bent toward the origin, it reflects the fact that as more of one input is used, the amount of the other input that needs to be substituted decreases. This bending signifies the diminishing MRS and captures the idea that a larger quantity of one input can be substituted for a smaller quantity of the other input to maintain the same level of output.

Overall, the law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution indicates that the rate at which one input can be substituted for another decreases as the quantity of one input increases, leading to isoquants being bent toward the origin.

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One round of the Krebs cycle produces (B) NADH (C) FADH₂ (D) CO₂. Hence, the correct options are B,C and D.

NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that will go on to produce ATP in the electron transport chain. CO2 is a waste product that is released into the atmosphere. ATP is not directly produced by the Krebs cycle, but rather by the electron transport chain, which uses the NADH and FADH2 produced by the Krebs cycle to generate ATP. The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is a series of biochemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, as well as in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. The purpose of the Krebs cycle is to generate energy in the form of ATP, as well as to produce electron carriers such as NADH and FADH2 that will go on to generate more ATP in the electron transport chain. In the Krebs cycle, acetyl-CoA, a two-carbon molecule derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, enters the cycle and is combined with a four-carbon molecule called oxaloacetate to form citrate, a six-carbon molecule. Citrate is then converted through a series of reactions into isocitrate, which is then converted into alpha-ketoglutarate. During these reactions, CO2 is released as a waste product. Alpha-ketoglutarate is then converted into succinyl-CoA, which releases another molecule of CO2. This reaction produces a molecule of ATP as well as a molecule of the electron carrier NADH. Succinyl-CoA is then converted into succinate, which is further converted into fumarate, releasing another molecule of FADH2. Fumarate is then converted into malate, which is then converted back into oxaloacetate, which can combine with another molecule of acetyl-CoA to continue the cycle.

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Answer:

Chemical

Explanation:

Because it's being done by chemical means

2.60 moles.

Zn (s) + 2 Ag+ (aq) --> 2 Ag (s) + Zn2+ (aq), each mole of zinc gives out two moles of silver. Therefore, 1.30 moles of zinc will displace 2.60 moles of silver. ( 1.30 × 2)

More about silver nitrate:

An inorganic substance with the chemical formula AgNO3 is silver nitrate. This salt serves as a flexible base for numerous different silver compounds, including those employed in photography. Compared to halides, it is far less light-sensitive. Lunar caustic was previously the name given to it since early alchemists referred to silver as luna and connected it to the moon.

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The pressure that is develops in the container when the water is reaches this higher temperature is 2.03 × 10³ psi.

According to the law of mass of conservation , wet :

Density (40 °C) × V = Density ( 100 °C ) × (V + ΔV)

ΔV/ V = ( Density (40 °C) / Density ( 100 °C ) ) - 1

ΔV/ V  = 1.940 / 1.927

ΔV/ V = 0.00675

The change in volume and bulk modulus relation given as :

K = - ΔP / ( ΔV/ V)

ΔP = - 300000 × - 0.00675

ΔP =  2.03 × 10³ psi

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Answer:

Three half-lives

Explanation:

12.5% is one-eighth. One eighth is the cube of one half, so it would take three half-lives to reduce a reactant's concentration to 12.5%

Three half-lives are required for the concentration of reactant to decrease to 12. 5% of its original value.

Half -life of a substance is defined as the time which is required for half of the quantity of a radioactive substance to get decayed.It is a term which is used in nuclear chemistry for describing how quickly unstable atoms undergo radioactive decay into other nuclear species by emitting particles or the time which is required for number of disintegrations per second of radioactive material to decrease by one half of its initial value.

In the given example 12.5 % is 1/8  and three times 1/2 that is 1/2×1/2×1/2=1/8 , hence  three half lives are  required for the concentration of reactant to decrease to 12. 5% of its original value.

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In this example, the limiting reagent is the alkyl οr aryl halide (RX), as it is present in a lοwer quantity and will be cοmpletely cοnsumed during the reactiοn.

In οrganic chemistry, an alkyl grοup is an alkane missing οne hydrοgen. The term alkyl is intentiοnally unspecific tο include many pοssible substitutiοns. An acyclic alkyl has the general fοrmula οf −CnH₂n+1.

A cyclοalkyl grοup is derived frοm a cyclοalkane by remοval οf a hydrοgen atοm frοm a ring and has the general fοrmula −CnH₂n+1. Typically an alkyl is a part οf a larger mοlecule. In structural fοrmulae, the symbοl R is used tο designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl grοup. The smallest alkyl grοup is methyl, with the fοrmula −CH₃

In the preparatiοn οf Grignard reagents, the reactiοn typically invοlves the reactiοn between an alkyl οr aryl halide and magnesium metal in an ether sοlvent. The general equatiοn fοr the fοrmatiοn οf a Grignard reagent can be represented as:

RX + Mg -> RMgX

Tο determine the limiting reagent in this reactiοn, we need tο cοmpare the mοles οf the alkyl οr aryl halide (RX) and the mοles οf magnesium (Mg) and identify which reactant is present in the lοwer quantity. The reactant that is cοnsumed cοmpletely and limits the amοunt οf prοduct fοrmed is the limiting reagent.

Let's assume we have a specific example where we are preparing a Grignard reagent by reacting 2 mοles οf alkyl οr aryl halide (RX) with 3 mοles οf magnesium (Mg).

Mοles οf RX = 2 mοles

Mοles οf Mg = 3 mοles

Since the stοichiοmetric ratiο between RX and Mg is 1:1 (1 mοle οf RX reacts with 1 mοle οf Mg), we can see that we have an excess οf Mg in this example.

The stοichiοmetry indicates that 2 mοles οf RX wοuld require 2 mοles οf Mg fοr cοmplete reactiοn. Hοwever, we have 3 mοles οf Mg, which is mοre than enοugh tο react with the 2 mοles οf RX.

Therefοre, in this example, the limiting reagent is the alkyl οr aryl halide (RX), as it is present in a lοwer quantity and will be cοmpletely cοnsumed during the reactiοn.

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When we bring a magnet near the doorbell when it is not connected to the battery, we feel a pull, or an attractive force.

For this the hypothesis can be:

Hypothesis: If there is no permanent magnet in the doorbell, just metal like iron, then when we bring a paper clip to the doorbell, we will observe an attractive force between the paper clip and the doorbell due to the interaction between the magnet and the iron in the doorbell.

Hypothesis: If there is a permanent magnet in the doorbell, then when we bring a paper clip to the doorbell, we will observe a stronger attractive force between the paper clip and the doorbell due to the interaction between the magnet and the metal components (such as iron) in the doorbell.

Thus, these can be the Hypothesis for the given scenario.

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Answer:

- Anode: Co3+ | Co2+

- Cathode: Ni | Ni2+

Explanation:

The anode is where oxidation reaction occurs, and the cathode is where reduction reaction occurs.

From the table of reduction potencials, we find that:

- Co reaction:

- Ni reaction:

Now, to find out which one is the anode and which one is the cathode, it is necessary to compare the reduction potencials.

The reaction of Ni have negative potentials, so Ni will be the anode and Co will be the cathode.

Answer:

C. Lower Electronegativity

Periodic table is divided into metals, non metals, semiconductors and noble gases on the basis of electron gain or loss. Metals have lower electronegativity. The correct options is option C.

Metals are those elements which is hard, conduct electricity, ductile, lustrous and malleable.

Lets take properties

1.Since metals have free electrons that's why they can conduct electricity.

2. Since atoms in metals are very closely packed in a definite crystal so these are solid. Metals are not brittle that is, it can not be broken down easily

3.Metals  do not react with water easily.

4.Metals are denser than water hence sink in water.

5. Metals are meant to give electrons so these have low ionization energy. and lower electronegativity.

6. Metals form basic form of oxide.

7. Metals have lower electron shielding.

Therefore the correct options is option C.

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Among the options provided, the statement that accurately describes a type of potential energy found in a container full of a chemical substance in liquid form is: "The bonds between atoms are one place where potential energy is stored."

In a container filled with a chemical substance in liquid form, the potential energy is primarily stored in the bonds between atoms within the molecules of the substance. These bonds are formed by the sharing or transferring of electrons between atoms, creating a stable arrangement. The potential energy arises from the electrostatic interactions between the charged particles involved in these chemical bonds.When the liquid substance is in its equilibrium state, the potential energy stored in the bonds represents the energy required to break these bonds and separate the atoms, transforming the substance into a different state (such as a gas or a solid).

This potential energy is released when the substance undergoes a chemical reaction or when external forces act upon it.While other forms of potential energy can also exist in a liquid substance, such as kinetic energy due to the speed of the particles or vibrational energy of the atoms within the molecules, these are generally associated with other types of energy rather than potential energy.

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Two possible sources of systematic (determinate) error in the experiment are; Incorrect calibration of volumetric glasswareIncorrect mass of NaCl

To calculate the concentration of NaCl in the resulting solution in mg/L NaCl, we can use the formula; Concentration (mg/L) = (Mass of solute ÷ Volume of solution in L) × 1000 g / 1 mg NaCl is present in the stock solution of 25 mL. So, the mass of NaCl in the solution would be;0.0842 g ÷ 25 mL = 0.00337 g/mL. Now, in the resulting solution, a 1.00 mL aliquot of the stock solution is transferred to a 50.00 mL volumetric flask and diluted to volume. Therefore, the volume of the resulting solution is 50.00 mL. We will substitute these values in the formula, Concentration (mg/L) = (0.00337 g/mL ÷ 50 mL) × 1000 g / 1 mg concentration (mg/L) = 67.4 mg/L. Therefore, the concentration of NaCl in the resulting solution in mg/L NaCl is 67.4 mg/L.7.  Concentration = 67.4 mg/LTolerance = 4.28 mg/LTotal concentration = 67.4 + 4.28 mg/L = 71.68 mg/LWe round off this value to one decimal place; Total concentration = 71.7 mg/LTherefore, the concentration of NaCl in the resulting solution using propagation of error through the calculation is 67.4+0.4 mg/L.8. Two possible sources of random (indeterminate) error in the experiment are; Errors in temperature measurement. Errors in measurement of water volume. Two possible sources of systematic (determinate) error in the experiment are; Incorrect calibration of volumetric glasswareIncorrect mass of NaCl.

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If more \(H_{2}\) and \(N_{2}\) are added to the reaction 3\(H_{2}\) + N2 → 2\(NH_{3}\) after it reaches equilibrium, two events will occur Shift in Equilibrium and Increased Yield of \(NH_{3}\)

1. Shift in Equilibrium: According to Le Chatelier's principle, when additional reactants are added, the equilibrium will shift in the forward direction to consume the added reactants and establish a new equilibrium. In this case, more \(NH_{3}\) will be produced to counteract the increase in \(H_{2}\) and \(N_{2}\).

2. Increased Yield of \(NH_{3}\): The shift in equilibrium towards the forward reaction will result in an increased yield of \(NH_{3}\). As more \(H_{2}\) and \(N_{2}\) are added, the reaction will favor the production of \(NH_{3}\) to maintain equilibrium. This will lead to an increase in the concentration of \(NH_{3}\) compared to the initial equilibrium state.

It is important to note that the equilibrium position will ultimately depend on factors such as the concentrations of \(H_{2}\), \(N_{2}\), and \(NH_{3}\), as well as the temperature and pressure of the system. By adding more reactants, the equilibrium will adjust to achieve a new balance, favoring the formation of more \(NH_{3}\).

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Answer:

A water turbine is used to convert the energy contained in water, potential energy or kinetic energy, into mechanical or electrical energy. There are two types of water turbines, the reaction water turbine, and the impulse water turbine.

Explanation:

Answer:

Water turbines are used to take energy whether it may be kinetic or potential from the water and convert that energy into mechanical, or electrical energy.

Explanation:

The volume of the gas sample will be 1.79 L.

A liquid, solid, or gas's volume represents the amount of three-dimensional space it occupies. Although there are many additional units that can be used to indicate volume, the most used ones are liters, cubic meters, gallons, milliliters, teaspoons, as well as ounces.

Given data :

Mass of \(O_{2}\) = 1.20 g

Mass of \(N_{2}\) = 1.43 g

Number of moles can be calculated by suing the formula:

Number of moles of \(O_{2}\) = Mass / molar mass = 1.20 / 32 = 0.03 mol

Number of moles of \(N_{2}\) =  Mass / molar mass  = 1.43 / 28 = 0.05 mol

So, the total count of moles can be calculated by :

Total moles = moles of \(O_{2}\)  +  moles of \(N_{2}\)

Total moles = 0.03  + 0.05 = 0.08 mol

The volume of the gas at STP can be calculated as:

Volume = 0.08 mol × 22.4 mol/L

Volume = 1.79 L

Therefore, the volume of the gas sample will be 1.79 L.

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Answer:

A. cars, submarines, spacecraft

Explanation:

I took the test.

Answer: Nuclear fusion

Explanation:

The process that produces the energy that is used in photosynthesis is nuclear fusion. option A is correct.

Photosynthesis is the process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of sugars. This chemical energy is produced as a result of nuclear fusion reaction .

Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts of plants, which are found in the mesophyll of  leaves. Inside the chloroplast, is the thylakoids, where the chlorophyll absorbs the various hues of light and nuclear fusion reaction takes place  to create energy .

Using light energy, oxygen is produced as a byproduct while carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose .

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Answer:

1. Chief executive officer = Nucleus.

2. Power house = Mitochondrion.

3. Maintenance team = Lysosomes.

4. Functional managers = Chromosomes.

5. Assembly line workers = Ribosomes.

6. Assembly line = Endoplasmic Reticulum.

7. Security and support = Cytoskeleton.

8. Drivers or messengers = Vesicles.

9. Packaging unit = Golgi apparatus.

10. Gate man/procurement unit = Cell membrane.

Explanation:

A cell can be defined as the structural, fundamental, biological and functional unit of life. Cells are found in all living organisms because they are the basic unit of life.

Generally, cells have the ability to independently replicate themselves. These cells can be compared to the kind of structures found in a business or factory, where you have different workers performing different functions.

In a cell, the "workers" that perform various functions or tasks for the survival of the living organism are referred to as organelles.

Factory worker = Cell organelle.

1. Chief executive officer = Nucleus.

The nucleus controls all the activities taking place in the cell and the synthesis of proteins.

2. Power house = Mitochondrion.

The mitochondria provides all the energy required in the cell by transforming energy forms.

3. Maintenance team = Lysosomes.

They are responsible for absorbing materials and breaking the materials taken in by the cells.

4. Functional managers = Chromosomes.

They give sets of instructions for the synthesis of products.

5. Assembly line workers = Ribosomes.

They are involved in the build up of proteins.

6. Assembly line = Endoplasmic Reticulum.

This is where the ribosomes perform their tasks.

7. Security and support = Cytoskeleton.

They help to maintain and support the shape of the cells.

8. Drivers or messengers = Vesicles.

They ensure proteins are properly transported to the right and exact location.

9. Packaging unit = Golgi apparatus.

Prepares the protein for export by chemically tagging them.

10. Gate man/procurement unit = Cell membrane.

It is the wall of the cell and typically controls what leaves and enters the cell.