To calculate the heat absorbed or released, you need to measure which of the following?
A) Specific heat, change in temperature, and time to heat.
B) Mass, specific heat, and change in temperature.
C) Mass, volume, and change in temperature.
D) Mass, specific heat, and time to heat.
Answers
In case of exothermic or endothermic reactions where heat is absorbed or released there is a need to measure specific heat, change in temperature and time to heat.
What are exothermic reactions?An exothermic reaction is defined as a chemical reaction which involves release of energy in the form of light,heat .In these reactions, energy is transferred from system to surroundings rather than taking energy from surroundings into system as in endothermic reactions.
In an exothermic reaction,change in enthalpy is negative.Therefore, it can be inferred that net amount of energy which is required to start the exothermic reaction is less than the net amount which is released by the reaction.
Examples of exothermic reactions are combustion reactions, detonation of nitroglycerin , neutralization reactions and nuclear fission.
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Related Questions
Why do you think the placebo effect works
Answers
Answer:
The placebo effect is when an improvement of symptoms is observed, despite using a nonactive treatment. It’s believed to occur due to psychological factors like expectations or classical conditioning.
Research has found that the placebo effect can ease things like pain, fatigue, or depression.
hope this will help u :)
Estimate the value of the equilibrium constant at 610 K for each of the following reactions.2NO2(g)⇋N2O4(g)ΔH∘fforN2O4(g)=9.16kJ/molBr2(g)+Cl2(g)⇋2BrCl(g)ΔH∘fforBrCl(g)=14.6kJ/molΔG∘fforBrCl(g)=−1.0kJ/mol
Answers
The estimated equilibrium constant for the reaction Br2(g) + Cl2(g) ⇋ 2BrCl(g) at 610 K is 1.16.
To estimate the equilibrium constant, we can use the equation:
ΔG° = -RTln(K)
where ΔG° is the standard Gibbs free energy change, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and K is the equilibrium constant.
For the reaction 2NO2(g) ⇋ N2O4(g), the given ΔH°f for N2O4(g) is 9.16 kJ/mol. Using this value, we can calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change:
ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°
where ΔS° is the standard entropy change. We do not have this value, but we can assume it is roughly constant for this type of reaction. Thus, we can estimate ΔG° to be:
ΔG° ≈ ΔH° = 9.16 kJ/mol
At 610 K, we have:
ΔG° = -RTln(K)
-9100 J/mol = -(8.314 J/mol/K)(610 K)ln(K)
ln(K) ≈ 2.37
K ≈ e^2.37 = 10.7
Therefore, the estimated equilibrium constant for the reaction 2NO2(g) ⇋ N2O4(g) at 610 K is 10.7.
For the reaction Br2(g) + Cl2(g) ⇋ 2BrCl(g), we are given the ΔH°f for BrCl(g) as 14.6 kJ/mol and the ΔG°f for BrCl(g) as -1.0 kJ/mol. Using the same assumptions as before, we can estimate ΔG° to be:
ΔG° ≈ ΔH° = 14.6 kJ/mol
At 610 K, we have:
ΔG° = -RTln(K)
-1000 J/mol = -(8.314 J/mol/K)(610 K)ln(K)
ln(K) ≈ 0.15
K ≈ e^0.15 = 1.16
Therefore, the estimated equilibrium constant for the reaction Br2(g) + Cl2(g) ⇋ 2BrCl(g) at 610 K is 1.16.
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(8.6 1029) 7.4 X1029)
Answers
Answer:
65563.914234
Explanation:
8.61029 x 7.4 x 1029
63.716146 x 1029
multiply
= 65563.914234
Pls help me I don’t know how to do this
Answers
Explanation:
We have a 63.9 g sample of calcium hydroxide. First we have to convert those grams into moles. To do that we have to use the molar mass of calcium hydroxide.
Calcium hydroxide = Ca(OH)₂
molar mass of Ca = 40.08 g/mol
molar mass of O = 16.00 g/mol
molar mass of H = 1.01 g/mol
molar mass of Ca(OH)₂ = 1 * 40.08 g/mol + 2 * 16.00 g/mol + 2 * 1.01 g/mol
molar mass of Ca(OH)₂ = 74.10 g/mol
mass of Ca(OH)₂ = 63.9 g
moles of Ca(OH)₂ = 63.9 g /(74.10 g/mol)
moles of Ca(OH)₂ = 0.862 moles
In 1 molecule of Ca we have 2 atoms of O. So in 1 mol of Ca(OH)₂ we will have 2 moles of O atoms.
1 mol of Ca(OH)₂ = 2 moles of O atoms
moles of O atoms = 0.862 moles of Ca(OH)₂ * 2 moles of O /1 mol of Ca(OH)₂
moles of O atoms = 1.724 moles
One mol is similar to a dozen. When we say that we need a dozen eggs we know that we need 12 eggs. If we want a mol of eggs, we want 6.022*10^23 eggs. So one mol of something is 6.022 * 10^23 of that.
1 mol of O atoms = 6.022 * 10^23 atoms
n° of O atoms = 1.724 moles * 6.022 * 10^23 atoms/1 mol
n° of O atoms = 1.04 * 10^24 atoms
Answer: In a 63.9 g sample of Ca(OH)₂ we have 1.04 *10^24 atoms of oxygen.
.239cal=J joules. How many joules J are in 450cal?
Answers
Answer:
1.89
Explanation:
238cal = J joules
450cal = xJ joules
\( \frac{450}{238} = \frac{xj}{j} \)
1.89 = x
450cal = 1.89J joules
What causes leaves to change color in Autumn?
Answers
Answer:
it changes color because of tempature
Explanation:
Which atom in the ground state has a stable electron configuration?
A) carbon
B) magnesium
C) krypton
D) oxygen
Answers
Answer:
A. carbon
Explanation:
You may assume the following combustion event locations when analyzing the figures: \begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|} \hline & Design 1 & Design 2 \\ \hline Spurk Crask Angle & −10 deg & −20 deg \\ \hline 10\% MFB Crank Angle & 0 deg & −5 deg \\ \hline 500 MFB Crank Angle & 10 deg & 10 deg \\ \hline 904 MFB Crank Angle & 25 deg & 30 deg \\ \hline \end{tabular} Note that the data series plotted in c) through f) begin at the spark timing. Please compare the two engines at part load unless told otherwise. For (b) through ( g), a complete discussion will include competing factors that affect the primary and secondary parameters of each process, including those that make an event more or less likely, or make a characteristic increase or decrease for each engine design. (a) Construct a table comparing the important parameters of the two designs. At a minimum, the table should highlight the differences in the compression ratio, Φ,EGR level, intake
Answers
A table comparing the important parameters of the two engine designs is shown below:ParametersDesign 1Design 2Compression Ratio 18:118:1Φ (Equivalence Ratio)0.75 (Richer)0.65 (Leaner)EGR Level 10%15%Intake Temperature 80°C100°C Intake Pressure 1 bar0.5 bar Intake Valve Closing −15 deg BTDC−25 deg BTDC.
The compression ratio is the ratio of the volume of the combustion chamber from its largest capacity to its smallest capacity. The compression ratio in Design 1 is 18:1, while in Design 2, it is 18:1. The higher compression ratio is seen in Design 1, which will lead to a higher engine efficiency since more fuel energy is converted into useful work.
The Φ (equivalence ratio) is the ratio of the actual air/fuel ratio to the stoichiometric air/fuel ratio. A Φ value of 1.0 indicates a stoichiometric mixture, whereas values less than 1.0 indicate a lean mixture and values greater than 1.0 indicate a rich mixture. The Equivalence ratio in Design 1 is 0.75, which means it is running rich, while in Design 2, it is 0.65, which means it is running lean.
The design 2 engine has a higher Φ (equivalence ratio) level, which may lead to lower NOx emissions due to lean-burn combustion.The EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) level in Design 1 is 10%, whereas in Design 2, it is 15%. The EGR level in Design 2 is higher than that in Design 1, which can help to reduce NOx emissions by lowering the temperature of combustion.
Intake temperature is 80°C in Design 1, whereas in Design 2, it is 100°C. The higher intake temperature in Design 2 means that the engine will have a higher thermal efficiency due to the increased Carnot efficiency.Intake pressure is 1 bar in Design 1, while in Design 2, it is 0.5 bar. The higher intake pressure in Design 1 results in more air being compressed into the combustion chamber, allowing for more fuel to be burned and greater efficiency.
Intake Valve Closing (IVC) is −15 deg BTDC in Design 1 and −25 deg BTDC in Design 2. The IVC timing is responsible for trapping the charge in the combustion chamber and influencing the engine's breathing. The lower IVC timing in Design 2 provides less resistance to flow, resulting in greater volumetric efficiency.
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About 200 years later Arrhenius proposed that water can dissolve many compounds
Answers
Arrhenius is postulated in 200 years after that fluids can dissolve many compounds by dividing them into their constituent ions. He argued that acids contain helium and that when they dissolve in water, they release hydrogen.
What is the Arrhenius theory of bases that gives when dispersed in water?Pursuant to the Arrhenius the hypothesis, acidic is a component that produces hydrogen ion in freshwater. With fluid, basic elements emit the ion hydroxide. According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a proton giver while a base is a recipient of protons.
Are an Arrhenius base one that dissolves with water to form OH?Bases are chemicals that, while dispersed into water, establish hydroxide ions (OH-). Bases and acids. Any material that ionises when dissolved in liquid to give a charge called H+ and hydrogen called an Arrhenius acid. When submerged in fluid, an Arrhenius foundation is a material the fact that releases the OH-, or hydroxide, the ion.
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How will popcorn protect a egg by reducing the force of impact on the egg? How does it work?
Answers
Answer:
The popcorn will take less impact because the force goes into the popcorn serving as a cushion for the egg. The egg will take less damage because the force will cancel out.
Explanation:
is the moon bigger than neptune
Answers
Answer:
Neptune is bigger than the moon
Explanation:
The circumference of the moon is 6,783.5 miles
The circumference of Neptune is 96,129 miles
This means neptunes circumference is about 14 times the size of the moons
8. A rock has a density of 4 g/ml and a mass of 16 grams. What is the volume this rock occupies?
Answers
Answer:
The answer is
4.0 mLExplanation:
The volume of a substance when given the density and mass can be found by using the formula
\(volume = \frac{mass}{density} \\ \)
From the question
mass of rock = 16 g
density = 4 g/mL
The volume of the rock is
\(volume = \frac{16}{4} \\ \)
We have the final answer as
4.0 mLHope this helps you
A block of an unknown metal with a mass of 47 g is cooled from 65 °C to 20 °C with a
release of 533 J of heat. From these data, calculate the specific heat of the unknown
metal. (Round to 2 decimal places)
Answers
Answer:313
Explanation:Hope its rught or i calculated wrong
What’s the characteristics of reliable science
Answers
Earth's Revolution question:
What 2 things are constant about our inclination? hint: the words start with "D", and "P"
Answers
Answer:
itos6oyoyoydkgzkstgjuf
Which statement is NOT a part of the scientific theory of cells? *
Answers
Answer:
I'm sorry but there is not enough context to answer your question.
Explanation:
glacial acetic acid is a minimum of 96% acetic acid by mass. calculate the molarity of a 97.62 (m/m) % acetic acid solution given that the solution density is 1.05 g/ml.
Answers
The molarity of a 97.62 (m/m) % acetic acid solution given that the solution density is 1.05 g/ml is 17.5M.
Reason:
Glacial acetic acid is 100% acetic acid. The MW of acetic acid is 60. The density of acetic acid (100%) is 1.05. So in 1 L we have 1.05 Kg. The number of moles of acetic acid is then 1050 g divided by 60 = 17.5 mol. So the molarity is 17.5 mold/L or 17.5 M.
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which of the following statements correctly describes the electron transfer process that occurs in a lewis acid-base reaction? multiple choice question. the base uses its electron pair to form a new covalent bond to the acid. the base loses its electron pair to become electron deficient. the transfer of electrons results in the formation of an ionic bond between acid and base. the electron pair is completely transferred from the base to the acid.
Answers
A new covalent bond between the base and acid is created using its electron pair. The right answer is A.
Short answer: What does covalent bond mean?A covalent bond is formed when two atoms exchange one or so more pairs of electrons. These electrons are being drawn to the two neutrons and the protons at the same time. So when difference between difference in electronegativity of two atoms is too tiny for an electron transport to take place to create ions, a covalent bond is formed.
With an example, what is a single covalent bond?One electron pair is shared by two atoms to create a single covalent connection, with each atom contributing one electron to the link. A little line placed in between two atoms serves as its representation. Take the creation of molecules as an example. The valence shell of a hydrogen atom contains one electron.
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what does Le châteliers principle state?
Answers
Hope this helps!
8. Draw a dipeptide (use R, and R, for the side chain R groups) and the resonance structures of the peptide bond. 9. Recall the geometry about atoms that participate in double bonds or partial double bonds. What atoms form the rigid plane of the peptide bond (which atoms are coplanar)? 10. How do you expect the rigid plane of the peptide expect the rigid plane of the peptide bond to impact folding?
Answers
The carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O) atoms form the rigid plane of the peptide bond, which impacts folding by restricting rotation and influencing the conformational preferences and interactions between amino acid residues.
What atoms form the rigid plane of the peptide bond, and how does it impact protein folding?8. Draw a dipeptide (use R, and R' for the side chain R groups) and the resonance structures of the peptide bond.
```
H H
| |
H-N-C-C-N-H
| |
R R'
```
The dipeptide consists of two amino acid residues connected by a peptide bond. The side chains are represented by R and R'. The peptide bond is formed between the carbon (C) atom of the first amino acid and the nitrogen (N) atom of the second amino acid.
Resonance structures of the peptide bond:
```
H H
| |
H - N = C - C - N - H H - N - C = C - N - H
| |
R R'
```
The peptide bond exhibits resonance, resulting in a partial double bond character.
9. Recall the geometry about atoms that participate in double bonds or partial double bonds. What atoms form the rigid plane of the peptide bond (which atoms are coplanar)?
In the peptide bond, the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O) atoms are coplanar and form the rigid plane. This arrangement is due to the resonance in the peptide bond, which restricts rotation and keeps these atoms in the same plane.
10. How do you expect the rigid plane of the peptide bond to impact folding?
The rigid plane of the peptide bond restricts rotation and introduces planarity to the backbone of the polypeptide chain. This rigidity plays a crucial role in determining the folding and three-dimensional structure of proteins. It influences the conformational preferences and interactions between amino acid residues, contributing to the formation of secondary structures such as alpha-helices and beta-sheets. The rigid peptide bond plane acts as a scaffold for protein folding and influences the overall protein structure and stability.
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Calculate the effective nuclear charge (Zeff) experienced by the 1s and 2s electrons of the Sulfur atom (S).
A. 2,0
B. 16,10
C. 12, 6
D. 16,14
E. 8,7
F. 10,16
Answers
The effective nuclear charge (Zeff) experienced by the 1s and 2s electrons of the Sulfur atom (S) is 16, 14. Option D is correct answer.
The effective nuclear charge (Zeff) = Z – S, where Z is the atomic number and S is the number of shielding electrons.
S has 16 protons and its 1s electrons are shielded only by the 0 electrons, therefore they experience an effective nuclear charge,
Zeff = 16 − 0 = 16.
S has 16 protons and its 2s electrons are shielded only by the two 1s electrons, therefore they experience an effective nuclear charge,
Zeff = 16 − 2 = 14.
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How many different uncharged (neutral) stable hydrogen atoms can you build? In the space below, briefly describe the similarities and differences in their composition.
Answers
The number of different uncharged (neutral) stable hydrogen atoms which one can build is two and the similarity is that they both have a single proton while the difference is that one has a neutron while the other has zero neutron.
What is an Atom?This is referred to as the smallest particle of an element which can exist and has subatomic particles such as proton and neutron.
The different uncharged (neutral) stable hydrogen atoms which one can build include:
1p & 0n & 1e1p & 1n & 1eFrom this we can infer that they both have one proton and electron and one has no neutron while the other has just one.
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What is the difference between clastic and chemical sedimentary rocks?
Answers
Clastic rocks are classified by grain shape, grain size, and sorting. Chemical sedimentary rocks are precipitated from water saturated with dissolved minerals. Chemical rocks are classified mainly by the composition of minerals in the rock.
hi again, hope this helps ^^
Answer: The difference is clastic rocks are classified by grain size, grain shape, and sorting. Chemical sedimentary rocks are precipitated from water saturated with dissolved minerals. They are also mainly classified by the composition of minerals that are in the rock.
Explanation:
what happens to the food as it undergoes this stage
Answers
The first step in the digestive process happens before we even taste food. Just by smelling that homemade apple pie or thinking about how delicious that ripe tomato is going to be, you start salivating — and the digestive process begins in preparation for that first bite.
Almost all animals have a tube-type digestive system in which food:
enters the mouth
passes through a long tube
exits the body as feces (poop) through the anus
Along the way, food is broken down into tiny molecules so that the body can absorb nutrients it needs:
Protein must be broken down into amino acids.
Starches break down into simple sugars.
Fats break down into into fatty acids and glycerol.
what is the coordination number around the central metal atom in ammonium diaquabis(oxalato)nickelate(ii) ((nh₄)₂[ni(c₂o₄)₂(h₂o)₂])?
Answers
The coordination number around the central metal atom in ammonium diaquabis(oxalato)nickelate(II) is 6.
In the given compound, ammonium diaquabis(oxalato)nickelate(II), the nickel (Ni) ion is the central metal atom. The coordination number refers to the number of ligands (atoms or molecules) that are directly bonded to the central metal atom. In this case, there are two oxalate ligands (C₂O₄²⁻) and two water ligands (H₂O) bonded to the nickel ion, resulting in a coordination number of 6.
Each oxalate ligand contributes two oxygen atoms, and each water ligand contributes one oxygen atom, giving a total of six ligands surrounding the central nickel atom.
Therefore, in the compound ammonium diaquabis(oxalato)nickelate(II), the central metal atom has a coordination number of 6.
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A student put a bottle of water and a can of sugared soda in the freezer to chill them quickly. when she took them out, the bottle of water was frozen but the can of soda was not. explain why this happened.
Answers
The soda water didn't freeze because of the depression in freezing point as compared to the water.
What is Freezing Point Depression ?When a solute is added to a pure solvent , then the value of freezing point is reduced.
The decrease in the freezing point is directly proportional to the molality of the solute.
It is given in the question that
A student put a bottle of water and a can of sugared soda in the freezer to chill them quickly.
when she took them out, the bottle of water was frozen but the can of soda was not.
It is because water is the pure solvent , so freezing point is fixed but the soda water has sugar and Carbon Di oxide along with the solvent water , the presence of the sugar and Carbon -di-oxide decreases the freezing point of the soda water and so it doesn't freezes.
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Determine the phase of the substances at the given state using Thermodynamic Properties Tables (in Appendix B) a) water: 60∘C,60kPa b) water: 100∘C,60kPa− c) water: 100∘C,500kPa d) Water: 25∘C,120kPa
e) Ammonia: −25∘C,120kPa f) Ammonia: 25∘C,120kPa g) R-134a: −25∘C,120kPa h) R−134a:25∘C,120kPa
Answers
a) vapor, b) saturated liquid, c) saturated liquid, d) compressed liquid, e) compressed liquid, f) compressed liquid, g) compressed liquid, h) compressed liquid.
The phase of substances in different states using Thermodynamic Properties Tables (in Appendix B) is given below:
a) The phase of water at 60∘C and 60kPa is vapor.
b) The phase of water at 100∘C and 60kPa is saturated liquid.
c) The phase of water at 100∘C and 500kPa is saturated liquid.
d) The phase of water at 25∘C and 120kPa is compressed liquid.
e) The phase of ammonia at -25∘C and 120kPa is compressed liquid.
f) The phase of ammonia at 25∘C and 120kPa is compressed liquid.
g) The phase of R-134a at -25∘C and 120kPa is compressed liquid.
h) The phase of R-134a at 25∘C and 120kPa is compressed liquid.
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HElP PLS!! 20 points Which statement best describes a characteristic unique to renewable resources?
Renewable resources are abundant.
Renewable resources form slowly.
Renewable resources can be used to generate electricity.
Renewable resources are found in nature.
Answers
Answer:
renewable resources are abundant???
Answer:
renewable resources are abundant!
Explanation:
The concept of continental drift was developed by Alfred Wegener. Which of the following pieces of evidence does NOT support Wegener's hypothesis?
Fossils of the same organisms are found on different continents.
Similar glacial sediments are found in different parts of the world.
The shapes of the continents fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle
Climates at different latitudes are similar to one another.
Answers
Answer:
Climates at different latitudes are similar to one another.
Explanation:
I believe it is D.
Can I have brainliest
The concept of continental drift was developed by Alfred Wegener. Climates at different latitudes are similar to one another does not support Wegener's hypothesis. Therefore, option D is correct.
What is wegener's hypothesis ?Wagner's law, commonly referred to as the law of growing state activity, states that public spending rises as GDP does. Adolph Wagner (1835–1917), a German economist, is credited with discovering it first in his own nation before noticing it in other nations.
On January 6, 1912, Alfred Wegener initially presented his theory to the German Geological Society. According to his theory, the continents were formerly part of a single landmass known as Pangaea before disintegrating and migrating to their current places.
However, Wegener's hypothesis lacked a geological explanation for how the continents might have moved as he predicted over the surface of the globe.
Thus, option D is correct.
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Question 4 of 33
which of these is a pitfall associated with using oil?
a. acid mine drainage can pollute waterways.
b. shale rock deposits can release gas.
c. spilled oil can harm wildlife.
o d. fracking can cause earthquakes.
submit
Answers
Oils like petrol and diesel are fossil fuels. Using oil can be at a disadvantage as spilled oil can harm wildlife and the environment. Thus, option c is correct.
Why is oil harmful?Oil is a nonrenewable fossil fuel that can get depleted when used in excess. It is extracted by many processes through mining underwater and in fields. During these extraction processes, oil spills can occur.
Oil spills directly affect the environment and cause pollution of water and soil. This leakage affects the flora and the fauna that lives in the area and causes their death due to lack of oxygen.
Therefore, option c. oil spills cause harm to wildlife.
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