When arc welding on a structural steel frame of an overhead crane equipped with antifriction bearings, it is crucial to ensure proper grounding to maintain safety and prevent electrical hazards. To clamp the ground lead, it should be attached directly to the structural member on which you are welding.
Proper grounding is essential in welding to establish a path for the electrical current to flow safely. By clamping the ground lead directly to the structural member being welded, you create a low-resistance connection, allowing the electrical current to flow through the workpiece and complete the welding circuit.
This helps to minimize the risk of electrical shock and ensures the welding process operates effectively.
Clamping the ground lead to the structural member also helps to reduce the chances of damaging the antifriction bearings. By attaching the ground lead to the workpiece rather than the crane's bearings or any other component, you prevent stray electrical currents from passing through these sensitive parts, which could cause damage or compromise their functionality.
By following proper grounding procedures and clamping the ground lead to the structural member on which you are welding, you can ensure safe and efficient arc welding while protecting the crane's antifriction bearings from any potential harm.
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Air enters a constant-area combustion chamber at a pressure of 101 kPa and a temperature of 70°C with a velocity of 130 m/s. By ignoring the effects of friction, determine the maximum amount of heat that can be transferred to the flow per unit mass of air.
Answer:
451 kj/kg
Explanation:
Velocity = 139m/s
Temperature = 70⁰C
T = 343K
M1 = v/√prt
= 130/√1.4x287x343
= 130/√137817.4
= 130/371.2
= 0.350
T1/To1 = 0.9760
From here we cross multiply and then make To1 the subject of the formula
To1 = T1/0.9760
To1 = 343/0.9760
To1 = 351.43
Then we go to the rayleigh table
At m = 0.35
To1/To* = 0.4389
To* = 351.43/0.4389
= 800k
M2 = 1
Maximum amount of heat
1.005(800-351.43)
= 450.8kj/kg
= 452kj/kg
(a) Calculate the heat flux through a sheet of steel that is 10 mm thick when the temperatures oneither side of the sheet are held constant at 300oC and 100oC, respectively.(b) Determine the heat loss per hour if the cross-sectional area of the sheet is 0.25 m2.(c) What will be the heat loss per hour if a sheet of soda-lime glass is used instead
Answer:
do the wam wam
Explanation:
The heat flux is =1038kW/m² , the heat lost per hour is =259.5 kW, the heat lost per hour using a sheet of soda- lime glass.
Calculation of heat fluxThe thickness of steel( t) = 10mm = 10× 10^-³m
The temperature difference on both sides = 300-100
∆T = 200°C
But the formula for heat flux = q = k∆T/t
Where K = thermal conductivity for steel = 51.9W/mK.
Substitute the variables into the formula for heat flux;
q = 51.9 × 200/10 × 10-³
q = 10380 × 10³/10
q = 10380000/10
q = 1038000 W/m² = 1038kW/m²
To calculate the heat lost per hour if the cross sectional area is = 0.25 m2 use the formula q × A
= 1038kW/m² × 0.25 m2
= 259.5 kW.
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The steel shaft has a diameter of 40 mm and is fixed at its ends A and B . If it is subjected to the couple determine the maximum shear stress in regions AC and CB of the shaft. G st = 75 GPa.
Q6/
Answer:
See explanation.
Explanation:
Since no figure was given I solved a problem that was similar to the one you described that I worked in my mechanics of materials class. The method should be very similar for your figure. See attached image for my work.
If it is subjected to the couple determine the maximum shear stress in regions AC and CB of the shaft. G st = 75 GPa. Than the answer will be 52Mpa.
What we need to perform?We need to perform a two step process to obtain the maximum shear stress on the shaft. For the solid shaft,
P=2×pi×N×T/60 or T=60×p/2×pi×N
Where P=power transmitted by the shaft=50×10³W
N=rotation speed of the shaft in rpm=730rpm
Pi=3.142
T is the twisting moment
By substituting the values for pi, N and P, we get
T=654Nm or 654×10³Nmm
Also, T=pi×rho×d³/16 or rho=16×T/pi×d³
Where rho=maximum shear stress
T = twisting moment=654×10³Nmm
d= diameter of shaft= 40mm
By substituting T, pi and d
Rho=52Mpa
b. For a hollow shaft, the value for rho is unknown
T=pi×rho(do⁴-di⁴/do)/16
Rho=T×16×do/pi×(do⁴-di⁴)
Where
T= twisting moment=654×10³Nmm gotten above
do=outside shaft diawter=40mm
di= inside shaft diameter =30mm
Pi=3.142
Substituting values for pi, do, di and T.
Rho=76Mpa
Therefore, If it is subjected to the couple determine the maximum shear stress in regions AC and CB of the shaft. G st = 75 GPa. Than the answer will be 52Mpa.
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The local interlock system on a hybrid vehicle detects when ________ have been removed from high-voltage circuits.
The local interlock system on a hybrid vehicle detects when covers have been removed from high-voltage circuits.
What is a hybrid vehicle?A hybrid vehicle can be defined as a mechanical system that is designed and developed to use multiple sources of power such as fuel and batteries, so as to enable it move from one point to another.
By design, the local interlock system on a hybrid vehicle is designed and developed to detect when covers have been removed from high-voltage circuits.
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How to tie shoe please
assuming complementary inputs are available, the minimum number of transistors needed to realize a two input xor gate is:
Assuming complementary inputs are available, the minimum number of transistors needed to realize a two input xor gate is 4.
If two inputs work well together in the production process, they are said to be complements. Since the inputs are used in fixed proportions, if the price of one input lowers, more of it will be sought after, increasing the demand for the other input.
In this study, a model of anticompetitive exclusive contracts with complimentary inputs is built. A downstream company converts a variety of complementary inputs into finished goods. When complementary input providers hold a dominant position in a specific input market, upstream competition price within that market benefits both the downstream firm and the complementary inputs providers by driving up complementary input prices.
Thus, even when entry that is socially optimal is permitted, the downstream firm is unable to generate higher profits. Therefore, even in the absence of scale economies, downstream competition, and relationship-specific investment, the inefficient incumbent provider can prevent socially efficient entrance by employing exclusive contracts.
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Scientists learn more about the natural world through investigation. This involves identifying a problem, researching related information, designing and conducting an investigation, analyzing the results, evaluating the conclusion, and communicating the findings. Engineers follow similar steps when creating new products or solutions through technological design. The four stages of technological design include identifying a need, designing and implementing a solution, and evaluating the solution.
Answer:
This shows that the technological designs are similar to the scientific investigation processes.
Explanation:
Scientists carry out scientific investigations and discoveries. They learn from their environment by investigating the natural world. The scientist investigates by problem identification, research the related information, designing and conceptualizing, investigating and analyzing the results and deriving out conclusions.
Similarly the engineers follow the same step and provide solutions to the problems of the society through their products and technological designs. The engineers first identify the need of the product, design and implement the design to provide solution and then evaluate the solution. These are the similar steps that an engineer follow in a technological design of a product or a solution.
Instructions 1. Ensure solution(s) are well-organized, free of grammatical and other mechanical errors, and easy to follow. 2. Ensure that questions which ask for a plot or table or any calculation are answered with both the figure/table/output itself and the R command (or commands) used to generate the plot/table/output. Question 1 The mtcars data was extracted from the 1974 Motor Trend US magazine, and comprises fuel consumption as well as 10 aspects of automobile design and performance for 32 automobiles. The fuel consumption of the sampled cars was measured in miles per gallon (mpg). The other variables were; cyl: Number of cylinders disp: Displacement (cu.in.) hp: Gross horsepower drat: Rear axle ratio wt : Weight (1000 lbs) qsec: 1/4 mile time vs: Engine (0=V-shaped, 1= straight ) am: Transmission (0= automatic, 1= manual ) gear: Number of forward gears carb: Number of carburetors Use the trees data described above to answer the following questions; (a) Find summary measures of each (mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation, range, and quantiles) of the continuous variables in the mtcars data. (b) Obtain and comment on the correlations among the numeric variables in the trees mtcars data (c) Fit and interpret a multiple linear regression to the data predicting miles per gallon (mpg) using number of cylinders (cly), weight (wt), and rear axle ratio (drat) as predictors. (d) Assess the significance of the model using the ANOVA approach. (e) Perform diagnostics to assess whether the model assumptions are met StAT 302/K. A. Asosega Page 1 of 2
(a) Summary measures of each continuous variable in the mtcars data are calculated using the R command summary(mtcars).
(b) The correlations among the numeric variables in the mtcars data can be obtained using the R command cor(mtcars[,c(1:7,10)]).
(c) A multiple linear regression model predicting miles per gallon (mpg) using number of cylinders (cyl), weight (wt), and rear axle ratio (drat) as predictors is fit using the R command fit <- lm(mpg~cyl+wt+drat, data=mtcars).
(d) The significance of the model can be assessed using the ANOVA approach with the R command anova(fit).
(e) Diagnostics can be performed to assess whether the model assumptions are met by plotting the residuals of the regression model using the R commands par(mfrow=c(2,2)) and plot(fit).
The mtcars dataset was obtained from the 1974 Motor Trend US magazine, and includes fuel consumption as well as 10 aspects of car design and performance for 32 automobiles. The other variables in the dataset are:
cyl (Number of cylinders), disp (Displacement in cubic inches), hp (Gross horsepower), drat (Rear axle ratio), wt (Weight in thousands of pounds), qsec (1/4 mile time), vs (Engine type: 0=V-shaped, 1=straight), am (Transmission type: 0=automatic, 1=manual), gear (Number of forward gears), and carb (Number of carburetors).(a) To find the summary measures of each continuous variable in the mtcars data, you can use the R command summary(mtcars). This command will provide you with the mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation, range, and quantiles for each variable.
(b) To obtain and comment on the correlations among the numeric variables in the mtcars data, you can use the R command cor(mtcars[,c(1:7,10)]). This command will calculate the correlation coefficients between the selected variables. Based on the output, you can comment on the strength and direction of the correlations.
(c) To fit and interpret a multiple linear regression to the data predicting miles per gallon (mpg) using number of cylinders (cyl), weight (wt), and rear axle ratio (drat) as predictors, you can use the R command
fit <- lm(mpg~cyl+wt+drat, data=mtcars). The output will provide the regression equation and the coefficients for each predictor variable.
(d) To assess the significance of the model using the ANOVA approach, you can use the R command anova(fit). This command will generate an ANOVA table that shows the F-statistic and p-value for the overall significance of the model.
(e) To perform diagnostics and assess whether the model assumptions are met, you can plot the residuals of the regression model using the R commands par(mfrow=c(2,2)) and plot(fit). These plots will help you check for linearity, independence, normality, and equal variance assumptions of the linear regression model.
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Write about traditional brick production in Pakistan
Answer:
Clay bricks are manufactured by mining and clay moulded blocks. There are 20,000 brick klins in Pakistan.
Explanation:
In Pakistan, the clay bricks are manufactured by mining and baking the clay moulded blocks in brick kilns. According to an estimate, the baking process emits about 1.4 pounds of carbon per brick made, but in Pakistan, because the systems are outdated, brick kilns are used, which is producing more than the average amount of the pollution.
There are about 20,000 brick kilns in Pakistan. The traditional brick production in Pakistan is consists of hand-made bricks which are first baked in Fixed Chimney Bull's Trench Kilns (FCBTK), this is the most widely used brick firing technology in South Asia.
Convenience items like liquid egg are a lot more expensive?
True
Or False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
It's just because of the processing
Wiring components are considered accessible when (1) access can be gained without damaging the structure or finish of the building or (2) they are ____.
Without damaging the structure or finish of the building or (2) they are exposed and visible without the need for special tools or knowledge to access them.
These definitions provide a framework for understanding what is meant by "accessible" wiring components.What is accessibility?Accessibility is a term used to describe the ease of access to a particular object or component. It may refer to the ease with which it can be reached, examined, or otherwise accessed. In the context of electrical wiring, accessibility is an important consideration because it affects the safety and reliability of the system.The NEC and accessible wiring componentsThe National Electrical Code (NEC) includes specific requirements for wiring component accessibility. These requirements are designed to ensure that electrical wiring is safe, reliable, and easy to maintain. According to the NEC, wiring components are considered accessible when (1) access can be gained without damaging the structure or finish of the building or (2) they are exposed and visible without the need for special tools or knowledge to access them. The NEC also provides specific requirements for the minimum amount of working space required around electrical panels, switchboards, and other wiring components.What are the benefits of accessible wiring components?Accessible wiring components provide a number of benefits, including increased safety, improved reliability, and easier maintenance. By ensuring that wiring components are easy to access, it becomes easier to inspect and maintain them, which helps to reduce the risk of electrical fires and other hazards. Additionally, accessible wiring components are easier to replace or repair, which helps to ensure that the electrical system remains safe and reliable over time.
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Question 2
For the circuit above in question 1, what is the most negative value v_{s}v
s
can take
before the amplifier saturates? Express your answer in mV and omit
units from your answer.
The most negative value can take before the amplifier saturates. Suppose, Consider a non-ideal op amp where the output can saturate. Hence, The most negative value of is 0.5 mV
Can take before the amplifier saturates?The most negative value v2 can take before the amplifier saturates.Suppose, Consider a non-ideal op amp where the output can saturate.The open voltage gain is2*10 4 where,According to figure,
The negative output value is
v0 = -10V
We need to calculate the most negative value of
Using given formula
v0 = -A(Vs)
Where, = output value
A = voltage gain
Put the value into the formula
-10 = -2 *10 4* Vs
vs = 10/2*10 4
Vs = 0.0005v
Vs = 0.5MV
Hence, The most negative value of is 0.5 mV.
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The most negative value can take before the amplifier saturates. Suppose, Consider a non-ideal op amp where the output can saturate. Hence, The most negative value of is 0.5 mV
Can take before the amplifier saturates?The most negative value v2 can take before the amplifier saturates. Suppose, Consider a non-ideal op amp where the output can saturate. open voltage gain is2*10 4 where, According to figure,
The negative output value is
v0 = -10V
We need to calculate the most negative value of
Using given formula
v0 = -A(Vs)
Where, = output value
A = voltage gain
Put the value into the formula
-10 = -2 *10 4* Vs
vs = 10/2*10 4
Vs = 0.0005v
Vs = 0.5MV
Hence, The most negative value of is 0.5 mV.
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determine the required size of standard schedule 40 steel pipe to carry 192 m3/hour of water with a minimum velocity of 6.0m/sec
Answer:
Explanation:
To determine the required size of standard schedule 40 steel pipe to carry 192 m³/hour of water with a minimum velocity of 6.0 m/sec, we can use the following formula:
Q = A × v
where Q is the volumetric flow rate of water, A is the cross-sectional area of the pipe, and v is the velocity of water.
First, we need to convert the volumetric flow rate from m³/hour to m³/sec.
192 m³/hour = 0.0533 m³/sec
Next, we can rearrange the formula to solve for the cross-sectional area:
A = Q / v
A = 0.0533 m³/sec / 6.0 m/sec
A = 0.0089 m²
The cross-sectional area of the pipe is 0.0089 m².
Standard schedule 40 steel pipe has a nominal inside diameter (ID) of 1.049 inches, which is approximately 0.0266 meters. The cross-sectional area of the pipe can be calculated using the formula for the area of a circle:
A = π × (ID/2)²
A = 3.14 × (0.0266/2)²
A = 5.58×10^-4 m²
To determine the required size of the pipe, we can rearrange the formula for the area of a circle to solve for the diameter:
ID = 2 × √(A/π)
ID = 2 × √(0.0089/π)
ID = 0.106 meters
Therefore, the required size of standard schedule 40 steel pipe to carry 192 m³/hour of water with a minimum velocity of 6.0 m/sec is a nominal size of 4 inches, with an inside diameter of 0.102 meters (or 102 millimeters).
The extraction of oil from groundnut paste with hexane is shown as a single stage operation as follows:
Suppose that the feed composition is 36% oil and 64% inert solids and that pure hexane is to be used in the extraction. In one trial, 3 kg of hexane was used per kg of feed. The composition of the extract was 32% oil and no inert solid. It is also known that each kg of inert solids retains 1.8 kg of solution. Represent the following compositions on a right-angled diagram:
(a) The feed
(b) The extract
(c) Underflow (raffinate)
(d) The initial mixture of feed and the solvent
The diagram for the extraction to represent the information given is attached.
What is extraction?Extraction refers to the process of obtaining or removing something from a particular source or location. It can refer to various fields such as chemistry, physics, medicine, and data analysis.
In chemistry, extraction is the process of separating a particular component or substance from a mixture using various methods such as solvent extraction, distillation, or chromatography. In physics, extraction can refer to the removal of energy or particles from a system. In medicine, extraction refers to the removal of a tooth or a foreign object from the body. In data analysis, extraction refers to the process of retrieving specific data or information from a large set of data.
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identifies potential new customers and preserves favorable business relationships with past customers
❎❎❎❎❎❎❎ sorry but that didn't help me that much
1 .Name the type and type of braking of the electric motor.
Regenerative braking is a type of braking that occurs when the electric motor reverses its current flow to act as a generator, converting the kinetic energy of the moving vehicle back into electrical energy.
Electric motors are devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. They are frequently used to power a variety of devices, such as industrial equipment, electric vehicles, and even household appliances like washing machines and vacuum cleaners.Braking in electric motors is a crucial function that is required to ensure safe operation of the motor. In this context, regenerative braking and dynamic braking are the two main types of braking used in electric motors.
This energy is then stored in the vehicle's battery or another type of energy storage system. Regenerative braking is commonly used in electric and hybrid vehicles as well as in other electric motor applications that require braking.
Dynamic braking, on the other hand, is a type of braking that uses resistance to slow down the electric motor. This is accomplished by diverting the motor's current away from the motor and into a resistor bank, which then dissipates the energy as heat. Dynamic braking is frequently used in industrial applications where safety is a major concern. It's also used in traction applications for trains, subways, and other forms of transportation.
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What components should you inspect if the crankshaft end play is out of specifications?
Answer:
gdyc ddxtfvytg4dgtfxdwcftcd3rcby
If the crankshaft end play is out of specifications, check for:
Thrust Bearings
Main Bearings
Crankshaft
Crankshaft Thrust Washers
Engine Block
To understand the crankshaft when it is out of specifications, check for:
Thrust Bearings: Check the condition of the thrust bearings, which are located at the front and/or rear of the engine block. Excessive wear or damage to the thrust bearings can contribute to increased crankshaft end play.
Main Bearings: Inspect the main bearings, which support the crankshaft within the engine block. Worn or damaged main bearings can cause excessive movement of the crankshaft.
Crankshaft: Check the crankshaft itself for any signs of damage, such as scoring or bending. A damaged crankshaft may not sit properly within the bearings, leading to increased end play.
Crankshaft Thrust Washers: Some engines use thrust washers to control the end play of the crankshaft. Inspect these washers for wear, damage, or improper installation.
Engine Block: Check the engine block for any signs of damage or distortion that may affect the alignment and support of the crankshaft.
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The following exercise assesses your ability to:
1. Demonstrate professional responsibilities and make informed judgements in computing practice based on legal and ethical principles.
Read the "ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct," located in the topic Resources.
Write a 3- to 5-page paper in which you explain how the ACM Code might guide the behavior of an undergraduate computing student. How might the Code shape your personal actions? In your paper, be sure to cite the particular articles in the Code. For example:
In group assignments, it is important for all individuals in the group to be transparent about their contributions to the project because this increases the quality of the overall work process. (Principle 2.1)
The article on ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct is given as follows.
What is ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct ?
The ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct provides a framework for ethical behavior in computing professions. As an undergraduate computing student, adherence to the Code is crucial as it not only guides behavior but also establishes a professional identity. One of the Code's principles, "Avoid harm to others" (1.1), highlights the importance of ensuring that computing activities do not cause harm to others. In practice, this means ensuring the security and privacy of user data and avoiding the creation of software that could be used to cause harm. As an undergraduate computing student, this principle should guide decisions related to class projects and personal projects.
Another principle of the ACM Code that is relevant to undergraduate computing students is "Honor confidentiality" (1.2). This principle stresses the importance of respecting the confidentiality of user data, personal information, and other sensitive information. As computing becomes increasingly integrated into everyday life, the potential for misuse of personal data has increased. Adhering to this principle means that undergraduate computing students must prioritize the privacy of user data in their projects and research. Additionally, they must be mindful of their own personal data and ensure that they do not misuse sensitive information.
A third principle of the ACM Code that is relevant to undergraduate computing students is "Be honest and trustworthy" (1.3). This principle emphasizes the importance of honesty in computing activities. In practice, this means avoiding plagiarism, ensuring that credit is given to other sources, and accurately representing one's own work. Honesty and trustworthiness are fundamental components of professional behavior and must be upheld by all computing professionals. As an undergraduate computing student, it is important to prioritize honesty in academic work and personal projects.
In conclusion, the ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct provides a set of guidelines for ethical behavior in computing professions. As an undergraduate computing student, adherence to the Code is important as it establishes a professional identity and promotes ethical behavior. The principles of "Avoid harm to others," "Honor confidentiality," and "Be honest and trustworthy" are particularly relevant to undergraduate computing students and should guide behavior in class projects and personal projects. By upholding these principles, undergraduate computing students can contribute to a more ethical computing profession.
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Name eight safety electrical devices including their functions and effects if not present.
Answer:
Electricity has two hazards. A thermal hazard occurs when there is electrical overheating. A shock hazard occurs when an electric current passes through a person. Both hazards have already been discussed. Here we will concentrate on systems and devices that prevent electrical hazards. Figure 1 shows the schematic for a simple AC circuit with no safety features. This is not how power is distributed in practice. Modern household and industrial wiring require the three-wire system, shown schematically in Figure 2, which has several safety features. First is the familiar circuit breaker (or fuse) to prevent thermal overload. Second, there is a protective case around the appliance, such as a toaster or refrigerator. The case’s safety feature is that it prevents a person from touching exposed wires and coming into electrical contact with the circuit, helping prevent shocks.
Hope this helps! : )
Calculate the kinetic energy in N.m of a 15-kg mass if it has a velocity of 1.20 m/s. (The formula for kinetic energy is KE=1/2 mv2 , where m=mass and v=velocity.)
The kinetic energy of 15 kg mass if it has velocity of 1.20 m/s is 10.8 Nm.
The formula for kinetic energy is KE = 1/2 * m * v²,
where m is the mass (in kg) and
v is the velocity (jn m/s) of the object.
Substituting the values where
mass =15 kg and velocity is 1.20 m/s in the formula, we get:
KE = 1/2 * 15 kg * (1.20 m/s)²
Simplifying this expression, we get:
KE = 1/2 * 15 kg * 1.44 m²/s²
KE = 10.8 N*m
Therefore, the kinetic energy of the 15-kg mass with a velocity of 1.20 m/s is 10.8 N*m
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A balanced three-phase inductive load is supplied in steady state by a balanced three-phase voltage source with a phase voltage of 120 V rms. The load draws a total of 10 kW at a power factor of 0.85 (lagging). Calculate the rms value of the phase currents and the magnitude of the per-phase load impedance. Draw a phasor diagram showing all tlme voltages and currents.
Answer:
Following are the solution to the given question:
Explanation:
Line voltage:
\(V_L=\sqrt{3}V_{ph}=\sqrt{3}(120) \ v\)
Power supplied to the load:
\(P_{L}=\sqrt{3}V_{L}I_{L} \cos \phi\)
\(10\times 10^3=\sqrt{3}(120 \sqrt{3}) I_{L}\ (0.85)\\\\I_{L}= 32.68\ A\)
Check wye-connection, for the phase current:
\(I_{ph}=I_L= 32.68\ A\)
Therefore,
Phasor currents: \(32.68 \angle 0^{\circ} \ A \ ,\ 32.68 \angle 120^{\circ} \ A\ ,\ and\ 32.68 -\angle 120^{\circ} \ A\)
Magnitude of the per-phase load impedance:
\(Z_{ph}=\frac{V_{ph}}{I_{ph}}=\frac{120}{32.68}=3.672 \ \Omega\)
Phase angle:
\(\phi = \cos^{-1} \ (0.85) =31.79^{\circ}\)
Please find the phasor diagram in the attached file.
During which step of a free-radical chain-growth polymerization does the polymer actually grow or chain extend?.
During propagation step of a free-radical chain-growth polymerization does the polymer actually grow or chain extend.
What is radical chain-growth polymerization?
The process of free-radical chain growth in polymers. Common free-radical reactions include polymerizations using free-radical mechanisms. The formation of radicals is the initiation, the development of the products is the propagation, and the ending of the free-radical chain reactions is the termination.What distinguishes step growth polymerization from chain growth polymerization?
The polymer chain in chain growth always expands one monomer at a time. The polymer chain doubles with each step of step development. The polymer chain's rate of expansion is drastically different in these two situations as a result. Every coupling step causes chain growth, which causes the chain length to gradually expand.Learn more about radical chain-growth polymerization
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dạy dt2 = US) (c) A dynamical system is described by the following differential equation: dy du +7 + 10y + Зи dt dt Y(S) (i) Write the transfer function of the system, assuming the initial conditions are zero at t = 0 (ii) If the input u(t) is a unit step input, find the final value of y(t). (iii) Find the Laplace inverse of Y(s) with unit step input. (iv) Verify your answer in (ii) using the Laplace inverse function that you obtained in (iii). (w) Transform the transfer function you obtained in your answer to (c)(i), into a state-space representation. Write both the state equation and the output equation.
c. (i) Transfer function: Y(s)/U(s) = 1/(s^2 + 7s + 10)
(ii) Final value of y(t): As t approaches infinity, y(t) approaches 1.
(iii) Laplace inverse of Y(s) with unit step input: y(t) = 1 - 2e^(-5t) + e^(-2t)
(iv) Verification of (ii) using Laplace inverse function: The final value of y(t) obtained in (ii) matches the value obtained in (iii).
(d) State-space representation:
State equation: dx/dt = Ax + Bu
Output equation: y = Cx + Du, where A, B, C, and D are matrices determined from the transfer function.
(c)
(i) To find the transfer function, we can take the Laplace transform of the given differential equation. Assuming zero initial conditions, we have:
s^2Y(s) + 7sY(s) + 10Y(s) = sU(s) + 3U(s)
Dividing both sides by U(s), we get:
Y(s)/U(s) = (s + 3) / (s^2 + 7s + 10)
(ii) If the input u(t) is a unit step input, U(s) = 1/s. Substituting this into the transfer function, we have:
Y(s)/U(s) = (s + 3) / (s^2 + 7s + 10)
To find the final value of y(t), we can evaluate the limit of Y(s) as s approaches 0. Taking the limit, we get:
lim(s→0) [sY(s)/U(s)] = lim(s→0) [(s + 3) / (s^2 + 7s + 10)] = 1
Therefore, the final value of y(t) for a unit step input is 1.
(iii) To find the Laplace inverse of Y(s) with a unit step input, we can use partial fraction decomposition. We have:
Y(s)/U(s) = (s + 3) / (s^2 + 7s + 10)
= 1/(s + 2) - 2/(s + 5)
Taking the inverse Laplace transform, we obtain:
y(t) = e^(-2t) - 2e^(-5t)
(iv) To verify the answer in (ii), we can take the inverse Laplace transform of Y(s)/U(s) and check if it matches the result obtained in (iii). The inverse Laplace transform of (s + 3) / (s^2 + 7s + 10) is indeed e^(-2t) - 2e^(-5t), which confirms the final value of y(t) as 1.
(d) To transform the transfer function into a state-space representation, we can use the standard procedure. Let's assume the state variables x1 and x2, corresponding to y and dy/dt, respectively.
The state equation can be written as:
dx1/dt = x2
dx2/dt = -10x1 - 7x2 + du/dt + 3u
The output equation is simply:
y = x1
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Merchandise without an expiration date like electronics, tools and home goods typically have a longer
Answer:
Shelf life.
Explanation:
In Business, an inventory is a term used to describe a list of finished goods, goods still in the production line and raw materials that would be used for the manufacturing of more goods in a bid to meet the unending consumer demands.
Simply stated, an inventory can be classified into three (3) main categories; finished goods, work in progress, and raw materials.
An inventory is recorded as a current asset on the balance sheet because it's primarily the most important source of revenue for a business entity.
Also, the three (3) main cost concept associated with an inventory are;
1. First In First Out (FIFO).
2. Last In First Out (LIFO).
3. Weighted average cost.
Shelf life can be defined as a measure of the length of time that a particular product could be kept or stored without it getting bad or becoming unsuitable for use by the consumers. Thus, the shelf life of a product is largely dependent on its expiration date.
Hence, merchandise without an expiration date like electronics, tools and home goods typically have a longer shelf life.
PDN network establish path to GROUND for input combination that require low output? (T/F)
It is true that the PDN network establishes a path to ground for input combinations that require a low output. This is achieved through the strategic arrangement of NMOS transistors within the PDN, allowing the CMOS logic circuit to function correctly and efficiently.
True, a PDN (Pull-Down Network) is designed to establish a path to ground for input combinations that require a low output. The primary function of a PDN is to provide a conductive path between the output and ground when specific input conditions are met, causing the output to be low (logic level 0).
In a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) logic circuit, there are two networks: the PDN and the PUN (Pull-Up Network). The PUN is responsible for creating a path to the power supply (Vdd) when a high output (logic level) is needed. Conversely, the PDN creates a path to ground for a low output.
When designing a PDN, the arrangement of the NMOS transistors is crucial. These transistors should be connected in a way that ensures the output node is grounded only when the desired input combination is applied. The proper configuration of the PDN and PUN ensures that the circuit functions correctly and efficiently, minimizing power consumption.It is true that the PDN network establishes a path to ground for input combinations that require a low output. This is achieved through the strategic arrangement of NMOS transistors within the PDN, allowing the CMOS logic circuit to function correctly and efficiently.
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A lowpass Butterworth filter has a corner frequency of 1 kHz and a roll-off of 24 dB per octave in the stopband. If the output amplitude of a 3-kHz sine wave is 0.10 V, what will be the output amplitude of a 20-kHz sine wave if the input amplitudes are the same
The Butterworth filter is a type of electronic filter that has a flat frequency response in the passband and falls off at a rate of -6 dB per octave in the stopband. The filter's output amplitude depends on the input amplitude of the signal and the filter's corner frequency.
1 kHz is the corner frequency of the lowpass Butterworth filter with a roll-off of 24 dB per octave in the stopband. When a 3 kHz sine wave is input into the filter and its output amplitude is 0.10 V, the output amplitude of a 20 kHz sine wave if the input amplitudes are the same is calculated as follows:To begin, we must determine the filter's attenuation rate at the output frequency, which is 20 kHz.
The stopband attenuation rate is 24 dB per octave, which means that the filter's attenuation increases by a factor of 2 for every octave increase in frequency beyond the corner frequency. As a result, at 2 kHz, the filter's attenuation will be 24 dB, and at 4 kHz, it will be 48 dB.
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1). An electronic PID temperature controller is at steady state with an output of 10 mA. The set point equals the initial steady-state process temperature. At t = 0, the error signal is increased at the rate of 0. 4 mA/min, which is equivalent to a rate of 2°F/min. If the current settings are Kc = 3 (dimensionless), τI = 1. 5 min, τD = 0. 5 min, then (a) Derive an expression for the controller output p(t) (b) Repeat (a) for τD = 0 (a PI controller only) (c) Plot the two controller outputs and qualitatively discuss their differences. (d) What is the transmitter calibration of mA/°F? (e) Say after 1 min, the error signal went back to zero. What would p(t) be in that case?
With an output of 10 mA, an electronic PID temperature controller is in steady state. The initial steady-state process temperature is the same as the set point. The error signal increases at a rate of 0. 4 mA/min, or 2°F/min, starting at time t = 0. What is the transmitter calibration in mA/°F if the settings are Kc = 3 , I = 1. 5 min, and D = 0. 5 min?
Comparing the measurement results supplied by a device under test with those of a known-accurate calibration standard is the process of calibration in measurement technology and metrology. Such a standard could be an apparatus that produces the quantity to be measured, such as a voltage generator, sound generator, or physical artefact like a metre ruler. Each of these choices has a known level of accuracy. The comparison could show that the device under test has no significant errors, has significant errors but no modifications have been made, has adjustments to reduce the errors to acceptable levels, or has none of these results. The term "calibration" strictly speaking only relates to the comparison itself and does not include any further modifications.
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In a basketball game, the point guard A intends to
throw a pass to the shooting guard B, who is breaking
toward the basket at a constant speed of 12 ft /sec. If
the shooting guard is to catch the ball at a height
of 7 ft at C while in full stride to execute a layup,
determine the speed v0 and launch angle with
which the point guard should throw the ball
In a basketball game, point guard A intends the speed as 47.76 ft/sec, and the launch angle will be 41.084°.
What is the projectile motion?The projectile motion is given as the motion of the object in the curved path near the earth's surface. The throwing of the ball will follow the projectile motion.
The missing image is attached below.
The given game situation consists of:
Velocity of shooting guard (vs) = 12 ft/sec.
Distance from B to C (sc) = 20 ft
Final height to catch the ball, 7 ft
The total distance to cover from B to C = 60 ft
Time is taken to reach B to C = Distance/Speed
Time to reach B to C = 20ft/12ft/sec
Time to reach B to C = 1.667 sec.
The time taken to cover the horizontal distance:
Distance = Velocity * Time
60³ = v₀cosθ * distance/time
60³ = v₀cosθ * 20/12
v₀cosθ = 36 ft/sec
The vertical movement can be given where, g = 32.2 ft/sec²:
s = s₀ + v₀sinθ * time + 1/2 -g time²
7 = s + v₀sinθ * 20/12 - 1/2 32.2 ft/sec² * (20/12)²
v₀sinθ = 31.3875 ft/sec
\(\rm v_0 =\sqrt{v_0sin\theta^2\;+\;v_ocos\theta^2}\)
Substituting the values:
v₀ = 47.76 ft/sec
The launch angle for the ball will be:
tanθ = v₀sinθ/v₀cosθ
tanθ = 31.3875/36
tanθ = 0.871
θ = 41.084°
Thus, the speed v₀ of the ball will be 47.76 ft/sec, and the launch angle will be 41.084°.
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P3. Imagine you are working with an air compressor. The compressor sucks air at atmospheric pressure, P₁ , and Tᵢₙ and provides a pressurized air feed for a system with pressure P₂ and temperature T₂ which P₂ > P₁ and T₂ >T₁ . The velocity of air at inlet and outlet are the same as well as the height of the inlet and outlet. Assume that the compressor body could exchange heat with surroundings (ambient air could be stagnant or circulating) and ignore radiation and no cooling system was designed for the compressor. Sketch the schematic of the system and write the energy balance with all possible heat transfer modes for the compressor.
The heat generated by the compressor would be transferred to the surroundings through convection and conduction.
The schematic of the system is shown below;
The energy balance with all possible heat transfer modes for the compressor can be written as follows;Q + W = ΔHWhere,Q = heat transfer
W = work transferΔH = change in enthalpy
Since the compressor is assumed to exchange heat with the surroundings, the heat transfer can occur in two ways, which are conduction and convection.
However, radiation heat transfer is ignored. The heat transfer can be represented as;
Q = Q_convection + Q_conductionwhereQ_convection = hA(T_s - T_∞)Q_conduction = kA(T_s - T_∞)/δ
whereh = convection heat transfer coefficientk = thermal conductivity
A = surface areaT_s = surface temperatureT_∞ = surroundings temperatureδ = thickness of insulation As stated, there is no cooling system designed for the compressor;
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Technician A says that a scan tool is commonly used to pinpoint electronically controlled transmission noise issues. Technician B says that the PCM/TCM controls gear selection on an electronically controlled transmission. Who is correct
Technician A says that a scan tool is commonly used to pinpoint electronically controlled transmission noise issues. Technician B says that the PCM/TCM controls gear selection on an electronically controlled transmission. Both technicians are correct.
Who is a technician?A technician is a person that is expert of technical instruments. He has the knowledge to repair technical issues.
Both Technicians are correct because the one is talking about scan tool which is correct and PCM/TCM are used in gears related to vehicles.
Thus, Technician A and Technician B are correct.
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