There is a crystalline powder oxide sample. Above 100 °C, its crystal structure belongs to a perfect cubic system where an atom "B" is exactly sitting at the center of the unit cell. But at room temperature, its structure belongs to a so-called pseudo cubic system, where the atom "B" deviates from the geometric center of the perfect tetragonal system, and then introduce specific physical properties by breaking the symmetry. The deviation is very small, around 0.05-0.01 angstrom. In order to correlate its physical properties to the subtle structure change, we need to identify the exact position of atom "B". There are several different techniques can meet the characterization requirement. Which technique you prefer to use? Please explain why this technique is qualified for this task, and how to locate the exact position of atom "B". 1
Answers
X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a suitable technique for identifying the exact position of atom "B" in the crystalline powder oxide sample. XRD can determine the crystal structure and atomic positions by analyzing the diffraction pattern obtained from the sample. This technique enables the precise localization of atom "B" and provides insights into the relationship between its position and the observed physical properties resulting from the structural deviation.
One technique that can be used to identify the exact position of atom "B" in the crystalline powder oxide sample is X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD is a powerful tool for determining the crystal structure and atomic positions within a material. Here's why XRD is qualified for this task and how it can be used:
1. Qualification: XRD is capable of providing information about the crystal structure and atomic positions in a material. It can accurately determine the unit cell parameters, lattice symmetry, and atomic positions, which makes it suitable for studying the subtle structural changes and locating the position of atom "B" in the pseudo cubic system.
2. Procedure: To locate the exact position of atom "B" using XRD, the following steps can be taken:
a. Preparation: The crystalline powder oxide sample needs to be carefully prepared, ensuring a well-prepared sample with a sufficient quantity of the material.
b. Data Collection: XRD experiments are performed by exposing the sample to X-ray radiation and measuring the resulting diffraction pattern. The diffraction pattern contains peaks that correspond to the crystal lattice and atomic positions.
c. Data Analysis: The obtained diffraction pattern is analyzed using specialized software to determine the lattice parameters and refine the atomic positions. Rietveld refinement or similar techniques can be employed to fit the experimental data with a model and extract the precise position of atom "B" within the crystal structure.
d. Verification: The refined atomic positions can be further verified by comparing them with theoretical calculations and other complementary techniques, if available.
By using XRD, the exact position of atom "B" in the crystal structure can be determined, allowing for a better understanding of the relationship between its position and the observed physical properties resulting from the structural deviation.
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Related Questions
15. What is the mass of mercury in a 250 g fish if the ppm was measured to be 0.23?
Answers
Answer: The mass of mercury will be 57.5 micrograms.
The given question deals with Analytical Chemistry where Concentration is asked here.
Concentration: Generally concentration is defined as amount of the substance per unit volume. Concentration is also expressed in parts per million(ppm) when it is a small quantity as in case of mercury content in fish.
Explanation: Given mass of the fish = 250 g,
ppm = 0.23
Now mass of mercury = 0.23 ppm × 250 g
= 0.23/1,000,000 × 250g
=0.23×250/1,000,000 g
= 0.0000575 g
=57.5 micrograms
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what are lower and higher energy levels.
Answers
Answer:
If an atom, ion, or molecule is at the lowest possible energy level, it and its electrons are said to be in the ground state. If it is at a higher energy level, it is said to be excited, or any electrons that have higher energy than the ground state are excited
Explanation:
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HOW MANY LITERS ARE IN 7110.5 mL? WHAT IS THE UNIT?
Answers
8. Consider a single crystal of nickel oriented such that a tensile stress is applied along a 1011 direction. If slip occurs on a (111) plane and in a (101) direction and is initiated at an applied tensile stress of 13.9 MPa (2020 psi), compute the critical resolved shear stress. (5pts) o=cas-1 [g [ 000) + 1012 (1210²+1²) (12+0 24 1²) 2
Answers
When slip occurs in a material, the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) is used to determine the minimum shear stress required to start the slip.
Given that a tensile stress is applied on a nickel crystal along a 1011 direction, and slip occurs on a (111) plane and in a (101) direction, the critical resolved shear stress will be computed as follows: Calculation for g[000] Since the tensile stress is applied along the 1011 direction, g[000] = 0.Calculation for g[1012]:The direction of slip (101) lies in the (1012) plane. Therefore, g[1012] = 1.Calculation for .
From the direction of the applied tensile stress and the direction of the slip plane, we can use the expression given as o = cas-1 [g [000) + 1012 (1210²+1²) (12+0 24 1²) 2 to determine o. Substituting the values of g[000], g[1012], and other parameters gives us.
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What's the pH of a solution with a concentration of hydronium ions of 5.29x10^-10?
A) 12.1
B) 3.34
C) 5.29
D) 9.28
Please help!
Answers
The pH of a solution with a concentration of hydronium ions of 5.29×10⁻¹⁰ is 9.28 ,therefore option (d) is correct.
What do you mean by pH of a solution?pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration, a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
The pH scale usually ranges from 0 to 14. Aqueous solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic, while those with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline. A pH level of 7.0 is neutral.
To calculate the pH of a solution with concentration of hydronium ions of 5.29×10⁻¹⁰-
We know that ,
pH=−log(H₃O⁺) ..............(1)
Given, H₃O⁺=5.29×10⁻¹⁰
So, we need to calculate,
= −log(5.29 .10⁻¹⁰) ............from above (1)
= 9.28
The pH of a solution with a concentration of hydronium ions of 5.29×10⁻¹⁰ is 9.28 ,hence option (d) is correct.
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explain the advantage of fruit production in angiosperms
Answers
The function fruit is an seed dispersal. It also protects the developing seeds. Various fruit structures and tissues, such as sweet pulp, wings, parachutes, and gripping spines, reflect dispersal strategies that aid in seed dispersal.
What is the description of seed dispersal?
Seed dispersal is the mechanism by which plant seeds are transported to new locations for germination and establishment of new individuals. Since animals usually mediate this process, the ultimate fate of seeds depends on their effectiveness as seed dispersers.
What is the maximum not unusualplace seed dispersal?
Various morphologies have evolved to disperse tree seeds, but the most common form of seed dispersal is wind-induced dispersal. Windborne seeds, usually in tropical regions with seasonal drought, lose fruit during the second half of the dry season or the first half of the subsequent wet season.
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Which statement best describes why a chemical change is different from a physical change?
A chemical change is used to identify characteristics of a substance, and a physical change identifies the behavior of a substance when in a reaction.
A chemical change results in a new substance being formed, whereas a physical change will result in a different state of matter.
A chemical change results in a different state of matter, and a physical change results in a new substance being formed.
A chemical change is used by scientists to create new substances, and a physical change happens naturally.
Answers
Answer:
A chemical change results in a new substance being formed whereas a physical change will result in a different state of matter
Medicine. A pharmaceutical company conducts an experiment in which a subject takes 100mg of a substance orally. The researchers measure how many minutes it takes for half of the substance to exit the bloodstream. What kind of variable is the company studying?
Answers
The researchers may use statistical analysis to estimate the half-life and evaluate the substance's pharmacokinetic properties, such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.
The variable that the pharmaceutical company is studying in this experiment is a pharmacokinetic variable known as the "half-life" of the substance. The half-life represents the time it takes for the concentration or amount of a substance in the bloodstream to decrease by half.
In this case, the researchers are administering 100mg of the substance orally to the subject and then measuring the time it takes for half of the substance to be eliminated from the bloodstream. The half-life is a crucial parameter in pharmacokinetics as it provides information about the rate of elimination or clearance of the substance from the body.
The half-life variable is a quantitative variable because it represents a measurable quantity, specifically the time duration. It is a continuous variable as it can take any positive value on the time scale, depending on the specific substance being studied. The researchers may use statistical analysis to estimate the half-life and evaluate the substance's pharmacokinetic properties, such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.
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What is effect of temperature on solubility?
detail please.
Answers
In general, solids become more soluble as the temperature increases. This is why sugar dissolves better in hot water than in cold water. The table shows three examples of the solubility (g of solute per 100 g water) of substances at different temperatures.
that's my answera scale uses the principle of. to measure how much something weighs
Answers
Answer:
mass
Explanation:
mass is weight mass is weight mass is weight
Hai people. Can you answer this for me?
Rain occurs when water vapor _____.
thxs!
Answers
Rain occurs when water vapor _condensates____.
sorry if I'm wrong
Answer:
turns into clouds it cools and condenses
When the temperature and number of particles of a gas are constant, which of the following is also constant?
Answers
Answer:
i dont see the pic
Explanation:
Answer:
According to Gas Law
Volume is inversely proportional to pressure, if the number of particles and the temperature are constant. There are two ways for the pressure to remain the same as the volume increases.
In .75 moles of lithium chromate, how many grams are lithium?
Answers
According to the mole concept, in 0.75 moles of lithium chromate there are 55.41 g of lithium.
What is a mole?Mole is defined as the unit of amount of substance . It is the quantity measure of amount of substance of how many elementary particles are present in a given substance.
It is defined as exactly 6.022×10²³ elementary entities. The elementary entity can be a molecule, atom ion depending on the type of substance. Amount of elementary entities in a mole is called as Avogadro's number.
Number of moles=mass/molar mass, thus mass= 0.75×73.89=55.41 g.
Thus, in 0.75 moles of lithium chromate there are 55.41 g of lithium.
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10 of 12 Gold is element 79 . Which of the following statements is true? If a gold atom loses 1 electron, then it will become element 78 , platinum. An atom of gold always has an atomic weight of 79 .
Answers
The statement that is true about the gold atom and atomic weight is "An atom of gold always has an atomic weight of 79."
The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of protons in its nucleus. The element with atomic number 79 is gold, which has the symbol, Au. If a gold atom loses one electron, it does not change into platinum, which is an element with atomic number 78. The number of protons in a gold atom, and therefore its atomic number, remains constant.
The atomic weight of an element is determined by the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. Since gold has 79 protons, an atom of gold will have an atomic weight of approximately 197, which is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.
Therefore, the statement that is true about the gold atom and atomic weight is "An atom of gold always has an atomic weight of 79."
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How to prepare this solution : using a 100 ml graduated cyylinder measure out 5.47 ml of a 3.20 m mgcl2 solution. pour the 2.17 ml into a 250 ml volumetric flask and fill it to the mark with water
Answers
1. Carefully measure out 5.47 mL of the 3.20 M \(MgCl_2\) solution using a 100 mL graduated cylinder.
2. Transfer the 5.47 mL of \(MgCl_2\) solution that was measured into a 250 mL volumetric flask.
3. To suitably dilute the \(MgCl_2\) solution, add water to the volumetric flask up to the 250 mL mark.
4. Combine the flask's contents to get a consistent solution.
To prepare the desired solution, follow these steps:
1. Using a 100 mL graduated cylinder, carefully measure out 5.47 mL of the 3.20 M \(MgCl_2\) solution.
2. Pour the measured 5.47 mL of the \(MgCl_2\) solution into a 250 mL volumetric flask.
3. Fill the volumetric flask up to the 250 mL mark with water, ensuring the \(MgCl_2\) solution is properly diluted.
4. Mix the contents of the flask to create a uniform solution.
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what is the molarity of 48.6 g of magnesium (mg) ions in 2 l h2o?
Answers
The molarity of 48.6 g of magnesium (Mg) ions in 2 L water, \(H_{2}O\) is 1.002 M.
Molarity is the concentration of any substance per liter of the solution. It is also called the concentration of any substance.
In chemistry, molarity is a frequently used measure of concentration. In a solution, it describes how much solute—the substance being dissolved—is present. The unit symbol "M" stands for molarity, which is defined as the quantity of solute in moles per liter of solution.
Given:
The mass of magnesium (Mg) ions is 48.6g
Volume is 2L
The formula for molarity is- Molarity = moles solute / Volume of Solution in Liters
Moles of solute = Mass/ Molar mass
Therefore,
Putting the values in the formula-
(48.69g / 24.305g·mol⁻¹) / (2 Liters) = 1.002 M in Mg⁺² ions.
Thus, the molarity of magnesium is 1.002 M.
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Which of the following cost categories would most likely use the number of orders placed with suppliers as its allocation base? Select one: A. Personnel B. Maintenance and repairs C. Purchasing D. Accounting
Answers
The cost category that would most likely use the number of orders placed with suppliers as its allocation base is C. Purchasing.
In many organizations, the purchasing department is responsible for managing the procurement of goods and services from suppliers. The number of orders placed with suppliers is a relevant and practical allocation base for determining the cost of the purchasing function. By using the number of orders, the organization can allocate costs such as purchase order processing, supplier relationship management, and supplier evaluation and selection to the purchasing department.
Tracking the number of orders provides a direct measure of the workload and activity level of the purchasing department. It allows the organization to assign costs to the purchasing function based on its actual usage and helps in evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of the department. Other cost categories such as personnel, maintenance and repairs, and accounting may have different allocation bases that are more appropriate for capturing the cost drivers specific to those functions.
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What part of an original isotope’s number of atoms remains have two half-lives?
Answers
For the following reaction wherein there is a equilibrium established
CaCO3 (s) = CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
what will happen to the concentration of CO2 when:
(a) More CO2 is added
(b) Volume of system is decreased
(c) Temperature of the system is increased
Answers
Answer: Below is the answer
Explanation:
CaCO3 (s) = CaO (s) + CO2(g)
a) The CO2 will be removed. The CaCO3 mass will increase.
b) If the volume is decreased the pressure is increased in CO2. The CaCO3 mass will decrease.
c) The Pressure will increase.
Why should you always condition a buret before running a titration?.
Answers
Answer:
Conditioning two or three times will insure that the concentration of titrant is not changed by a stray drop of water.
Explanation:
"Check the tip of the buret for an air bubble. To remove an air bubble, whack the side of the buret tip while solution is flowing".
HELP PLEASE , ITS DUE BY 6 ❤️10. If temperature were increased at the same rate for all four substances, which substance
would turn into a gas first?
Answers
Answer:
Dependant
Explanation:
Depending on the kind of substance you have (since ur answer of what substances was vauge) you would want to look at the molecular structure of the substances.
Understanding intermolecular bonds are key here (research this)
For example, Bromine is found as Br2 and only exerts London dispersion forces as there is no difference in polarity. And because this force is weaker, it has a lower boiling point
Another example being something like Hydrochloric acid (HCl). This is where Hydrogen acts as the positive atom while chlorine is the negative atom. This creates a stronger force and thus, a higher boiling point than Br2
Finally, there is Something like H2O where the force in play is Hydrogen bonding as Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine where the bonds are strongest due to the electronegativity is at the greatest difference between these and Hydrogen. and thus having a higher boiling point.
So depending on the substance's bond, that will help determine the boiling point. If they fall under the same group, go based on the greatest difference in electronegativity.
I don't know if this is what you're looking for but, hope this helps. :)
Zinc metal reacts with hydrogen chloride to form zinc chloride and hydrogen gas
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The metal zinc readily reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas (H2) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2). Every chemical reaction either produces or absorbs heat. In chemistry this effect is described as the reaction enthalpy. The zinc reaction produces the heat and hence has the negative enthalpy.
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For SCl4, the electron domain geometry is _______(i)________ and the molecular geometry is ______(ii)________.
Answers
The electron domain geometry is trigonal bipyramidal while the molecular geometry of the compound is seesaw.
The shapes of molecules is determined by the number of electron pairs on the valence shell of the central atom in the molecule. These electron domains include lone pairs and bond pairs.
The lone pairs only contribute towards the electron domain geometry and not the molecular geometry. SCl4 has five electron domains hence its electron domain geometry is trigonal bipyramidal. The molecular geometry of the compound is seesaw.
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HELP ASAP DUE IN 5 MINUTES
Answers
the second one i think, hope this helps
Answer:
a
Explanation:
A student practicing for a cross country meet runs 250 m in 30s what is her average speed
Answers
Answer:
Speed = 8.34 m/s
Explanation:
Given =
Distance = 250 meters
Time = 30 seconds
Solution =
Speed = Distance / Time
Speed = 250/30
Speed = 8.3333333 m/s.
Speed = 8.34 m/s
Answer:
8.33 meters/sec.
Explanation:
Distance = 250 Meters
Time = 30 sec.
Velocity = Distance / Time
= 250 Meters
30 sec.
= 8.33 meters/sec.
Which statement describes the rock cycle?
A. A series of processes on Earth's surface and interior that slowly erodes rocks from one kind to another
B. A series of processes on Earth's surface and interior that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another
C. A series of processes on Earth's surface and interior that quickly changes rocks from one kind to another
D. A series of processes on Earth's surface that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
it slowly changes rocks or minarials it puts it under pressure and compacks it and it forms a rock for example
Calculate the mass of O2 produced after 20.0 grams of KClO3 have reacted?
Answers
Answer:
\(RFM \: of \: potassium \: chlorate = (39 + 35.5 + (16 \times 3)) = 122.5 \: g \\ 122.5 \: g \: of \: potassium \: chlorate \: produce \: (16 \times 3) \: g \: of \: oxygen \\ 20.0 \: g \: of \: potassium \: chlorate \: will \: produce \: (\frac{(20.0 \times 16 \times 3)}{122.5} ) \: g \\ = 7.84 \: g \: of \: oxygen\)
in which compound does oxygen have an oxidation number other than −2? select the correct answer below: co2 h2o h3po4 h2o2
Answers
Out of the compounds listed below, the compound in which oxygen has an oxidation number other than −2 is H₂O₂. The correct option is (d)H₂O₂.
Oxidation number can be described as the number that is given to an atom of an element when it combines with other atoms. It is assigned to an atom of an element in a particular compound, which shows its ability to either donate or accept electrons when it reacts with other atoms.
The oxidation number of an atom in a molecule indicates the electron sharing that occurs in chemical bonds. The general rules for determining the oxidation number of an atom are: In an uncombined or elemental state, atoms have an oxidation number of 0.
Ions' oxidation numbers are the same as their charges. Oxygen in most of the compounds has an oxidation state of -2 except in peroxides, where it has an oxidation state of -1. In H₂O₂, the oxygen atoms have an oxidation number of -1. Hence, H₂O₂ is the only compound from the given options where oxygen has an oxidation number other than −2. Hence, d is the correct option.
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How do I work out the rate?
Answers
Answer: o.8/11.o
Explanation:
why there is only one sodium ion for every chlorine ion, while there are two potassium ions for every oxygen ion?
Answers
There is only one sodium ion for every chlorine ion due to its valency.
The number of electrons that an atom needs to lose or gain in order to achieve a stable electron configuration i.e the octet of an element is known as the valency of an element, which serves as a gauge of that element's potential for combining.
The valency of Sodium (Na) is 1 and that of chlorine (Cl) is also one. therefore they combine to form a stable compound. The same rule follows in the compound formed by Potassium (K) and Oxygen(O) also. The valency of oxygen is 2 which means that it should be surrounded by 2 potassium ions to provide electrons to fulfill both the elements' octets.
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