The change in pressure and volume of an enclosed gas taken from state A to state B at constant temperature is shown in the graph below. Was work done on the gas or by the gas? If the internal energy of the gas stayed the same during this process, did the gas absorb or release thermal energy? Explain your reasoning.
Answers
The gas absorbed thermal energy during the process.
Work was done by the gas because the volume of the gas increased while the pressure decreased. This indicates that the gas expanded, doing work on its surroundings. According to the first law of thermodynamics, the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system. If the internal energy of the gas stayed the same during this process, then the heat added to the system must be equal to the work done by the system. Therefore, the gas must have absorbed thermal energy in order to do the work of expanding. This can be represented by the equation: ∆U = Q - W, where ∆U is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat added to the system, and W is the work done by the system. Since ∆U is equal to zero and W is positive, Q must also be positive, indicating that the gas absorbed thermal energy.
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Related Questions
which gives the amount of charge on a certain length of a rod that is uniformly charged?
a. It is the ratio of the length to the linear charge density.
b. It is the product of the length and the linear charge density.
c. It is the ratio of the linear charge density to the length.
Answers
It is the product of the length and the linear charge density.
Linear charge density is defined as the amount of charge per unit length of the rod. Therefore, if we know the length of the rod and its linear charge density, we can easily calculate the amount of charge on that length of the rod by multiplying the two values.For example, if a rod is 2 meters long and has a linear charge density of 5 C/m, the amount of charge on the rod would be:Charge = Length x Linear Charge Density Charge = 2 m x 5 C/m Charge = 10 C .
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The correct answer is b. It is the product of the length and the linear charge density.
The amount of charge on a certain length of a rod that is uniformly charged can be determined by multiplying the length of the rod by its linear charge density. Linear charge density is defined as the amount of charge per unit length, and is expressed in units of Coulombs per meter (C/m). By multiplying the linear charge density by the length of the rod, we can determine the total amount of charge present on the rod. For example, if a rod has a linear charge density of 5 C/m and a length of 2 meters, the amount of charge on the rod would be 10 Coulombs (5 C/m x 2 m = 10 C). Therefore, option b is the correct answer as it describes the relationship between the charge and length of a uniformly charged rod.
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if the plane is frictionless, what is the speed vcm (a) , of the center of mass of the sphere at the bottom of the incline?
Answers
If the plane is frictionless, the sphere will continue to roll down the incline without any resistance. This means that the force of gravity acting on the sphere will be the only force causing it to move.
The speed of the center of mass (vcm) of the sphere at the bottom of the incline can be calculated using the conservation of energy principle. At the top of the incline, the sphere has potential energy which is converted to kinetic energy as it rolls down.
Assuming that the incline is at an angle theta and the height of the incline is h, the potential energy of the sphere at the top is mgh (where m is the mass of the sphere and g is the acceleration due to gravity). The kinetic energy of the sphere at the bottom of the incline is (1/2)mvcm^2 (where vcm is the speed of the center of mass).
Using the conservation of energy principle, we can equate these two energies:
mgh = (1/2)mvcm^2
Solving for vcm, we get:
vcm = sqrt(2gh)
Therefore, the speed of the center of mass of the sphere at the bottom of the incline is proportional to the square root of the height of the incline and is independent of the mass of the sphere.
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The speed vₓₘ (a) of the center of mass of the sphere at the bottom of the incline, assuming a frictionless plane, is given by vₓₘ (a) = √(2gh), where g is the acceleration due to gravity and h is the height of the incline.
Determine the center of mass?When a sphere rolls without slipping down an incline, its center of mass follows a trajectory determined by the height of the incline. In this scenario, since the plane is frictionless, there is no force opposing the motion of the sphere. Therefore, the sphere's potential energy is converted entirely into kinetic energy.
The potential energy gained by the sphere when it rolls down the incline is given by mgh, where m is the mass of the sphere, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height of the incline. The kinetic energy gained by the sphere is equal to the potential energy lost, so we have ½mvₓₘ² = mgh.
Simplifying the equation, we find vₓₘ (a) = √(2gh), which represents the speed of the center of mass of the sphere at the bottom of the incline.
Therefore, The velocity vₓₘ (a) of the center of mass of the sphere at the bottom of the incline, in the absence of friction, can be calculated using the formula vₓₘ (a) = √(2gh), where g represents gravity's acceleration and h is the incline's height.
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iron mining in south africa
Answers
Answer:
In 2021, South Africa's production of iron ore amounted to an estimated 61 million metric tons. South Africa is one of the world's largest producers of iron ore. As of 2021, South Africa was the ninth-largest iron ore producing country in the world.whats an astral projection
Answers
Answer:Esotericism
Explanation:
it’s something that’s in intentional out of body experience
Answer:
Astral projection is a term used in esotericism to describe an intentional out-of-body experience that assumes the existence of a soul or consciousness called an "astral body" that is separate from the physical body and capable of travelling outside it throughout the universe.
Explanation:
Cobalt (Co) has an atomic mass of 59 and an atomic number of 27. Which statement correctly describes an atom of cobalt?
O A. An atom of cobalt contains more neutrons than protons.
B. An atom of cobalt contains more electrons than protons.
O C. An atom of cobalt contains the same number of neutrons and protons.
O D. An atom of cobalt contains the same number of neutrons, electrons and protons.
Answers
Answer:
Option A. An atom of cobalt contains more neutrons than protons.
Explanation:
From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
Mass number = 59
Atomic number = 27
Next, we shall determine the number of protons in the atom. This is illustrated below:
Atomic number of an element is simply defined as the number of protons in the atom of the element. Thus,
Atomic number = proton number
Atomic number = 27
Therefore,
Proton number = 27
Next, we shall determine the neutron number. This can be obtained as follow:
Mass number = 59
Proton number = 27
Neutron number =?
Mass number = Proton + Neutron
59 = 27 + Neutron
Collect like terms
Neutron = 59 – 27
Neutron number = 32
Next, we shall determine the number of electrons. This can be obtained as follow:
Since the atom is neutral i.e it has no charge, then, the number of protons and electrons are equal. Thus,
Electron number = Proton number
Proton number = 27
Therefore,
Electron number = 27
Summary:
Mass number = 59
Atomic number = 27
Proton number = 27
Neutron number = 32
Electron number = 27
From the above, we can see that the atom of cobalt contains:
1. More neutrons than protons.
2. The same number of protons and electrons.
Therefore, option A gives the correct answer to the question.
A space-walking astronaut has become detached from her spaceship. She's floating in space while holding a wrench. She is thinking about how she might get back to the ship, which she can see 50 m from her current location. Which of Newton's three laws will help her the most to get back to the ship?
Answers
Answer:
please find the solution which is defined as follows:
Explanation:
Throughout the opposite direction, she not able to throw her tool-belt. In this scenario, she will be sending her floating through her ship. Unless interrupted, it could refer to Newton's The rule of it in motion remains in motion. Consequently, if they throw it one way because there are no molecules to interrupt your course, you can continue to go the other way.
A variable that is not changed.
A) Dependent Variable
B) Inferential Variable
C) Controlled Variable
D) Independent Variable
Answers
Answer:
A controlled variable does not change during a experiment
Explanation:
it's c
Answer:
the Answer is c. The Controlled Variable
Hope this helps!! (:
Explanation:
I just took the quiz and got it right!
The density of aluminum is 2700 kg/m^3. If transverse waves propagate at 38 m/s in a 4.6 mm diameter aluminum wire, what is the tension on the wire?
a 39 N b 65 N c 52 N d 78 N
Answers
The correct option is B: The tension on the aluminum wire is approximately 65 N.
How to calculate tension in aluminum wire?To find the tension on the aluminum wire, we can use the formula for the speed of transverse waves in a string:
v = √(T/μ)
where:
v = speed of transverse waves
T = tension in the wire
μ = linear mass density (mass per unit length) = density * area
First, let's calculate the area of the aluminum wire:
Given diameter = 4.6 mm
Radius = diameter/2 = 4.6 mm / 2 = 2.3 mm = 2.3 x \(10^(^-^3^)\) m
Area = π * \(r^2\)
= π * (2.3 x 10⁽⁻³⁾)²
= π * (5.29 x 10⁽⁻⁶⁾)
≈ 1.658 x 10⁽⁻⁵⁾ m²
Now, let's calculate the linear mass density (μ):
Density of aluminum = 2700 kg/m³
Linear mass density (μ) = density * area
= 2700 kg/m³ * 1.658 x 10⁽⁻⁵⁾ m²
≈ 0.0447 kg/m
Now, we can rearrange the formula for the speed of transverse waves to solve for tension (T):
T = μ * v²
Given v = 38 m/s and μ = 0.0447 kg/m, we can calculate T:
T = 0.0447 kg/m * (38 m/s)²
≈ 63.9906 N
Rounding to the nearest whole number, the tension on the wire is approximately 64 N.
Therefore, the closest option from the given choices is: b) 65 N
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What is meant by the phrase "a consistent method of measurement"?
A. All measurements are in SI units.
B. Every measurement is exactly the same numerical value.
C. The same person performs all measurements.
D. Measurements are taken in a way that is the same every time.
Answers
Answer:
D. Measurements are taken in a way that is the same every time
Explanation: I took the quiz and got it right.
What part of the Milky Way allows for determination of its rotational direction? A. Celestial body B. Galactic body C. Galactic disk D. Two long tails
Answers
Answer: C. Galactic disk
Explanation:
The part of the Milky Way which allows the determination of it rotational direction is known as the Galactic disk. This disc are shaped because they contain gases which are rich and dynamically young. It is also a part of a group of a galaxies disc is a component of disc galaxies, known as spiral galaxies and lenticular galaxies.
Answer:
Galactic disk
Explanation:
Galactic disc's are composed mostly of the galaxy's stars and a gaseous component mostly composed of cool gas and dust. The stellar population of galactic discs tend to exhibit very little random motion with most of its stars undergoing nearly circular orbits about the galactic center. This circular orbit maintains the galaxy's rotation momentum.
A platinum resistance thermometer measures temperature by the change in the electrical resistance of a platinum wire. The coefficient of resistivity for platinum is 3.92×10
−3
∘
C
−1
. At a temperature of 20.0
∘
C, the thermometer has a resistance of 50.0Ω; when immersed in a crucible containing melting indium its resistance is 76.8Ω. What is the melting point of indium? Question 9 An electric fire has a heating element rated at 1 kW when operating at 230 V. (a) what is its resistance? (b) what will be the power dissipation if the mains voltage drops to 210 V, assuming that the element obeys Ohm's Law?
Answers
From the calculation;
1) Melting point of indium = 171.4°
2) The resistance is 52.9 ohm
3) The power dissipated is 834 W
Temperature coefficient of resistanceThe temperature coefficient of resistance is a measure of how much the resistance of a material changes with temperature. It quantifies the relationship between the change in resistance and the change in temperature.
We have that;
R1/R2 = (1 + αt1)/(1 + αt2)
50/76.8 = (1 + (3.92 * \(10^-3\) * 20))/(1 + (3.92 *\(10^-3\) * t))
0.65 = 1.0784/1 + 0.00392t
0.65(1 + 0.00392t) = 1.0784
0.65 + 0.0025t = 1.0784
t = 171.4°
P = \(V^2\)/R
R = \(V^2\)/P
R = \(230^2\)/1000
R = 52.9 ohm
The new power is;
P =\(210^2\)/52.9
P = 834 W
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Hello There!
Refer to the attachment.
Question from class-8,physics,ch-4
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Need answer with explanation
Don't answer if you don't know
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I need it within 3 days.
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Explanation:
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50% part (b) to what maximum height, in meters, above the nozzle can this water rise? (the actual height will be significantly smaller due to air resistance.)
Answers
Our maximum height will be equal to V 2 squared divided by 2 G, or 1 63 m.
What is the maximum height to be calculated?Although diameters are not provided in this problem, we will put in several diameters that we can use as one. V one is equal to a two V two, which is 40 times 10 to the minus three.Therefore, our V1, or speed 1, is 40 times 10 to the negative three divided by pi over four times nine times 10 to the negative two squared. Thus, V1 is 6.28 m/s. In a similar vein, RV two is 56.5 m/s and we have a new diameter.A pressure drop is therefore equal to P one minus P two, or one half row V two squared minus V one squared, which is equal to 1581356 pascals. Our maximum height will be equal to V 2 squared divided by 2 G, or 1 63 m.To learn more about Maximum height refer to:
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River water held behind a dam is a form of ________. group of answer choices
a. potential energy
b. chemical energy
c. thermodynamics
d. kinetic energy
Answers
Potential energy is present in the river water behind a dam.
How is potential energy defined?Potential energy is a form of stored energy that is dependent on the relationship between different system components. When a spring is compressed or stretched, its potential energy increases. If a steel ball is raised above the ground as opposed to falling to the ground, it has more potential energy.The object's mass, its mass in relation to some reference points, and the gravitational field it is in all affect the potential energy of the object.Joule is the SI unit of potential energy as a result (J)As weight and height increase, gravitational potential energy rises.
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Two football players are running towards each other in a straight line (exact opposite directions). Player A is running at 3.3 m/s and has a mass of 105 kg. Player B is 126 kg. The players collide and their net momentum after the collision is 0 Ns. How fast was Player B running before they collided? QUESTION 2 If the gauge pressure reads 33psi and the ambient pressure is 13psi, what is the absolute pressure? Not enough information to determine. 20psi
46psi
33psi
QUESTION 3 If fluid pressure through an artery is high, that means that more blood volume flows through the artery every second. True False
Answers
Two football players are running towards each other in a straight line (exact opposite directions). Player A is running at 3.3 m/s and has a mass of 105 kg. Player B is 126 kg.
The players collide and their net momentum after the collision is 0 Ns. How fast was Player B running before they collided? The law of conservation of momentum states that in a closed system, the total momentum remains constant. Therefore, the total momentum of both players before collision equals the total momentum of both players after collision. This means: mA * VA + mB * VB = (mA + mB) * V, where VA and VB are the initial velocities of A and B, respectively, and V is their final velocity after the collision (which is 0).
So, we can rearrange the above equation to solve for VB. VB = (mA * VA) / mB Here, mA = 105 kg and VA = 3.3 m/s, and mB = 126 kg. Substituting the values, we get: VB = (105 * 3.3) / 126= 2.75 m/s Therefore, Player B was running at 2.75 m/s before they collided.
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If all objects have gravity, why do you think we don’t get pulled into the other objects around us all the time?
Answers
All objects do have gravity, but the gravitational force between two objects depends on their masses and the distance between them. The force of gravity between two objects decreases rapidly as the distance between them increases.
Gravity and ObjectsIt's also worth noting that objects need to be very massive and very close together for the gravitational force to become noticeable. For example, two people standing next to each other have a very small gravitational force between them, while two planets orbiting each other have a much stronger gravitational force.
In summary, while all objects have gravity, the gravitational force between objects depends on their masses and the distance between them, and the force of gravity between us and nearby objects is usually too small to have a noticeable effect. The force of gravity between us and the Earth is what keeps us in place and gives us weight.
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you are on a committee that is planning whether or not to build a dam on a nearby river to produce hydroelectric power. describe some of the advantages and disadvantages you should consider before deciding to build the dam.
Answers
The answers include the following:
The advantages you should consider before deciding to build the dam is that it helps in the control of flood and it serves as a source of water supply.The disadvantages you should consider before deciding to build the dam is that it disrupts local ecosystems and also displaces people.What is a Dam?This is referred to as a barrier which restricts the flow of surface water and has different importance which include the generation of electricity through the wind turbines.
The dam uses the water current to move the turbines and there are some advantages which should be considered before it is constructed such as the control of flood and as a source of water supply.
Disadvantages such as local ecosystem disruption should also be considered so as to protect species and ensure that they don't go extinct.
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Study the scenario. The particles in some system are moving around quickly. A few minutes later, the particles are moving, on average, more slowly. How does this change in motion affect the temperature of the system? A. The temperature of the system did not change. The speed of the particles has no effect on the temperature, only the type of atom affects the temperature. B. The temperature of the system is higher now than it was initially. Slower moving particles result in a higher temperature for the system. C. The temperature of the system did not change. The speed of the particles does not affect temperature, the number of particles affects the temperature. D. The temperature of the system is lower now than it was initially. Faster moving particles result in a higher temperature for the system.
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is option D.
Explanation:
With an increase in temperature, the particles increase kinetic energy and move quicker. The normal speed of the particles relies upon their mass just as the temperature – heavier particles move more gradually than lighter ones at a similar temperature.
The temperature increase in this system since the average kinetic energy of the particles increases and particles move quickly. And after some time the temperature of the system is lower now than it was initially.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
The impact of the change in motion should be option D.
Impact on the temperature:In the case when there is an increase in temperature, the particles should increase kinetic energy and move faster. The normal speed of the particles believes their mass is like the temperature. The temperature rises in this system because the average kinetic energy of the particles should rised and particles move faster.
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A ball is projected upwards from a bridge and hits the ground 5 seconds after it was originally projected its initial velocity is 15 m/s and it’s final velocity is 34 m/s calculate the height of the bridge.Max height = 11.48 m
Answers
Given:
• Time, t =5 seconds
,• Initial velocity, u = 15 m/s
,• Final velocity, v = 34 m/s
Given that the ball is projected upwards from a bridge, let's find the height of the bridge.
Let's first find the height from the top of the bridge to the maximum height.
To find the height apply the formula:
\(v^2=u^2-2as\)Where:
v is the final velocity = 0 m/s (velocity at max height).
u is the initial velocity = 15 m/s
a is acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s²
s is the height.
\(\begin{gathered} 0^2=15^2-2(9.8)s \\ \\ 0=225-19.6s \\ \\ 19.6s=225 \\ \\ s=\frac{225}{19.6} \\ \\ s=11.48\text{ m} \end{gathered}\)The distance from the bridge to the maximum height is 11.48 m.
Now, let's find the maximum height to the ground.
\(v^2=u^2+2as\)Where:
v is the final velocity = 34 m/s
u is the initial velocity = 0 m/s (velocity at the top).
a is acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s²
s is the maximum height.
Thus, we have:
\(\begin{gathered} 34^2=0^2+2(9.8)s \\ \\ 1156=19.6s \\ \\ s=\frac{1156}{19.6} \\ \\ s=58.9\approx59\text{ m} \end{gathered}\)The maximum height is 59 meters.
To find the height of the bridge, we have:
Height of bridge = Maximum height - Distance from top of bridge to max height.
Height of bridge = 59m - 11.48m = 47.52 m
Therefore, the height of the bridge is 47.52 meters.
• ANSWER:
47.52 meters.
(b) if one micrometeorite (a sphere with a diameter of 1.30 10-6 m) strikes each square meter of the moon each second, how many years would it take to cover the moon to a depth of 1.20 m? (hint: consider a box on the moon 1.00 m on a side and 1.20 m deep, and find how long it will take to fill the box.)
Answers
The time required to cover the Moon to a depth of 1.20 meters with micrometeorites.
To find out how long it would take to cover the Moon to a depth of 1.20 meters with micrometeorites, we can calculate the volume of the Moon and then divide it by the volume of one micrometeorite. Let's break down the calculation step by step:
Calculate the volume of the Moon:
The average radius of the Moon is approximately 1.737 ×10⁶ meters. Using the formula for the volume of a sphere, V = (4÷3)πr³, we can calculate the volume of the Moon.
\(V_{moon}\) = (4÷3)π(1.737 × 10⁶)³
Calculate the volume of one micrometeorite:
The diameter of the micrometeorite is given as 1.30 ×10⁽⁻⁶⁾ meters, which means the radius is half of that.
\(r_{meteorite}\) = (1.30 × 10⁽⁻⁶⁾)÷2
Using the formula for the volume of a sphere, V = (4÷3)πr₃, we can calculate the volume of one micrometeorite.
\(V_{meteorite}\) = (4÷3)π((1.30 × 10⁽⁻⁶⁾)÷2)³
Calculate the number of micrometeorites needed to fill the Moon:
To find the number of micrometeorites required to fill the Moon, we divide the volume of the Moon by the volume of one micrometeorite.
\(N_{meteorites}\) = \(V_{moon}\) ÷ \(V_{meteorite}\)
Calculate the time to fill the Moon:
Since one micrometeorite strikes each square meter of the Moon each second, we can equate the number of micrometeorites needed to fill the Moon to the number of seconds it would take.
Time = \(N_{meteorites}\) ÷ (1 m²/s)
Convert seconds to years:
Finally, we convert the time in seconds to years by dividing by the number of seconds in a year (assuming 365.25 days in a year and 24 hours in a day).
\(Time_{years}\) = Time ÷ (365.25 days/year × 24 hours/day × 3600 seconds/hour)
Performing these calculations will give us the time required to cover the Moon to a depth of 1.20 meters with micrometeorites.
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A box weighing 10 N is sitting on a surface that is tilted upward at a 45⁰ angle. The normal force is __________ 10 N.
a. equal to
b. less than
c. greater than
Answers
The normal force is less than the 10 N
Since we are given a box weight that is 10 N tilted at 45⁰, so the formula we refer from the figure to for calculating the normal force is:
N=mg⋅cos θ , where mg is the weight of the box and θ is the angle at which the box is shifted.
The flatter the incline to be, the normal force becomes greater. The littler an angle gets to be making the greater the esteem of cosine gets to be, and along these lines the greater the normal force becomes.
So, we get that the normal force will be
= 10 cos 45 (Since the value of mg is 10 N and θ = 45⁰)
= 7.07 N
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If a constant, nonzero force is applied to an object that is at rest, what can you say about the velocity and acceleration of the object as the force is applied?.
Answers
Answer:
a is constant., v is increasing.
Explanation:
F = ma
F and m are both constant, so a is constant.
v = at, t is increasing, so v is increasing.
The velocity of the object will be equal to numerical multiplication of acceleration and time while the acceleration of the body is the total applied force divided by mass of the object.
What is force?An external force is an agent that has the power to alter the resting or moving condition of a body. It has a direction and a magnitude. The application of force is the location at which force is applied, and the direction in which the force is applied is known as the direction of the force.
A spring balance can be used to calculate the force. Newton(N) is the SI unit of force.
For applying nonzero force, the object will come in motion.
Let, the mass of the body = m.
Force applied on it = F.
Acceleration of the body = a.
And after time t, the velocity of the object become v.
From Newton's 2nd law of motion, we can write,
Applied force = mass × acceleration.
⇒ F = ma
⇒ a = F/m.
And, final velocity will be = acceleration × time = at
Hence, the acceleration of the body is the total applied force divided by mass of the object and velocity of the object after some time will be equal to numerical multiplication of acceleration and time.
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An object is launched at a speed of 15.0 m/s and an angle of 60° above horizontal.
How high will it go?
How long will it be in the air?
How far away will it land?
Answers
1. The maximum height the object will attain is 8.6 m
2. The time spent by the object in the air is 2.65 s
3. The distance (i.e range) the object will land is 19.88 m
1. How to determine the maximum height
The maximum height reached by the eobject can be obtained as follow:
Initial velocity (u) = 15 m/sAngle of projection (θ) = 60 °Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.8 m/s²Maximum height (H) =?H = u²Sine²θ / 2g
H = [(15)² × (Sine 60)²] / (2 × 9.8)
H = 168.75 / 19.6
H = 8.6 m
2. How to determine the time of flight
The time spent by the object in the air can be obtained as follow:
Initial velocity (u) = 15 m/sAngle of projection (θ) = 60 °Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.8 m/s²Time (T) = ?T = 2uSineθ / g
T = [2 × 15 × Sine 60] / 9.8
T = 2.65 s
3. How to determin the distance (i.e range)
Initial velocity (u) = 15 m/sAngle of projection (θ) = 60 °Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.8 m/s²Range (R) =?R = u²Sine(2θ) / g
R = (15)² × Sine (2×60) / 9.8
R = 19.88 m
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Which force acts on any object moving through the air
Answers
The force of air resistance acts on any object while moving through the air.
We live in a medium where the air is present everywhere. It is not a vacuum where no force will be experienced by us but we live on earth where the air is present everywhere. Whenever we cut through, the air we encounter a force called air resistance.
Air resistance is like friction, it is everywhere. Air resistance always acts opposite to our direction of motion and like friction, it is a necessary evil.
Whenever an object moves through the air, air resistance always acts to oppose its motion.
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One can increase the insolation upon a one ft2 horizontal plate by ________.
a. using a fresnel lens of one ft2
b. using two 1 ft2 fresnel lenses, one on top of the other
c. adding reflectors around the plate
d. increasing the temperature of the plate
e. increasing the absorption of the plate
Answers
option A, using a fresnel lens of one ft2. Insolation refers to the amount of solar radiation that reaches a given surface area at a particular time.
By using a fresnel lens of one ft2, the light from the sun is concentrated on a smaller area, resulting in an increase in the amount of solar radiation that falls on the one ft2 horizontal plate. This technique is known as concentration photovoltaics and is used to increase the efficiency of solar panels.
The other options mentioned in the question do not directly increase insolation but may affect the amount of solar radiation absorbed by the plate. For example, adding reflectors around the plate can increase the amount of light reflected onto the plate, leading to more absorption. Similarly, increasing the temperature of the plate can lead to a higher rate of absorption, but it does not increase the amount of solar radiation reaching the plate. Overall, the most effective way to increase insolation on a one ft2 horizontal plate is to use a fresnel lens.
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what is the pressure exerted on the ground by a 5-kg box that has a width of 5 m and a length of 10 m?
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The pressure exerted on the ground by the box of mass 5 kg is 0.98 N/m².
What is pressure:Pressure is defined to be the amount of force exerted per area acting on the surface of a body.
To calculate the preesure exerted on the ground, we use the formula below.
Formula:
P = mg/lw............... Equation 1Where:
P = Pressure exerted on the groundm = Mass of the boxg = Acceleration due to gravityl = Length of the boxw = Width of boxFrom the question,
Given:
m = 5 kgg = 9.8 m/s²l = 10 mw = 5 mSubstitute these values into equation 1
P = (5×9.8)/(5×10)P = 49/50P = 0.98 N/m²Hence, the pressure exerted on the ground is 0.98 N/m².
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an r-l series circuit has a reactive power of 1234 vars and an apparent power of 4329 va. how many degrees are voltage and current out of phase with each other?
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The voltage and current in an R-L series circuit are out of phase by approximately 28.6 degrees. In an R-L series circuit, the phase angle between voltage and current represents the phase difference between their waveforms.
To calculate this angle, we can use the relationship between reactive power (Q), apparent power (S), and the power factor (cos(θ)). Given that the reactive power is 1234 vars (volt-amperes reactive) and the apparent power is 4329 VA (volt-amperes), we can find the power factor using the formula cos(θ) = P / S, where P is the real power. To determine the real power, we need to calculate the square root of the difference between the apparent power squared and the reactive power squared, i.e., P = sqrt(S^2 - Q^2). Once we have the power factor, we can use the inverse cosine function (arccos) to find the angle θ. In this case, the phase angle between voltage and current in the R-L series circuit is approximately 28.6 degrees. This indicates the phase shift or time delay between the voltage and current waveforms in the circuit.
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Assume that an intercontinental ballistic missile goes from rest to a suborbital speed of 8.40 km/s in 62.0 s (the actual speed and time are classified). What is its average acceleration in m/s2 and in multiples of g (9.80 m/s2)
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Answer: \(135.48\ m/s^2\) ,\(13.82g\)
Explanation:
Given
Missile velocity raises from 0 to \(8.4\ km/s\)
Time taken \(t=62\ s\)
Convert velocity into m/s
\(\Rightarrow 8.4=8.4\times 1000=8400\ m/s\)
Acceleration is the change of velocity w.r.t time
\(\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{8400-0}{62}\\\\\Rightarrow a=135.48\ m/s^2\)
In terms of gravity, it is
\(\Rightarrow \dfrac{135.483}{9.8}=13.82\)
Therefore, acceleration in terms of g is \(13.82g\)
List the 3 formulas for Speed, Distance, and Time
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A)What is the heavy vehicle factor (fhv) for a roadway with 10 percent truck, 5 percent buses, and 5 percent RVs in mountainous terrain? B) A roadway has 80 percent passenger cars, 15 percent trucks and 5 percent RVs. What is the passenger car equivalent for this traffic stream if the terrain is level? C An intersection approach has two lane groups (eg LT and RT/Thru). The average delay for LT lane group is 10sec/veh and the average delay for the other lane group is 20 sec. What is the total approach delay given volumes of 150 lefts, 500 thru, and 100 rights? D) What is grade resistance for a 2000lb vehicle on an 8 percent upgrade? E) What is force required to maintain a constant speed if the aerodynamic, rolling, and grade resistances =90,30, and 125lbs, respectively?
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The heavy vehicle factor (Fhv) for a roadway with 10% trucks, 5% buses, and 5% RVs in mountainous terrain is 20%. The passenger car equivalent (PCE) for a traffic stream with 80% passenger cars, 15% trucks, and 5% RVs on level terrain is 1.5. The total approach delay for an intersection with volumes of 150 lefts, 500 thru, and 100 rights, with average delays of 10 sec/veh and 20 sec/veh, is 13,500 seconds.
The grade resistance for a 2000 lb vehicle on an 8% upgrade is 160 lbs. The force required to maintain a constant speed considering aerodynamic, rolling, and grade resistances of 90 lbs, 30 lbs, and 125 lbs, respectively, is 245 lbs.
A) The heavy vehicle factor (Fhv) is the sum of the percentages of trucks, buses, and RVs in the traffic stream. For the given roadway with 10% trucks, 5% buses, and 5% RVs, the Fhv would be 10% + 5% + 5% = 20%.
B) To calculate the passenger car equivalent (PCE) for a traffic stream with 80% passenger cars, 15% trucks, and 5% RVs on level terrain, the PCE values are typically assigned as 1 for passenger cars, 2 for trucks, and 4 for RVs. Therefore, the PCE can be calculated as (80% x 1) + (15% x 2) + (5% x 4) = 1 + 0.3 + 0.2 = 1.5.
C) The total approach delay for the intersection can be calculated by multiplying the volumes of each lane group by their respective average delays and summing them up. In this case, the total approach delay would be (150 lefts x 10 sec/veh) + (500 thru x 20 sec/veh) + (100 rights x 20 sec/veh) = 1500 + 10000 + 2000 = 13500 seconds.
D) The grade resistance for a vehicle on an 8% upgrade can be calculated by multiplying the weight of the vehicle by the grade percentage. Assuming the weight of the vehicle is 2000 lbs, the grade resistance would be 2000 lbs x 0.08 (8% as a decimal) = 160 lbs.
E) The force required to maintain a constant speed is equal to the sum of aerodynamic resistance, rolling resistance, and grade resistance. Given that the aerodynamic resistance is 90 lbs, rolling resistance is 30 lbs, and grade resistance is 125 lbs, the total force required would be 90 lbs + 30 lbs + 125 lbs = 245 lbs.
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