Show the mechanism for the reaction conducted at −5 °C in CCl4.CCl4.
cyclohexene+bromine⟶dibromocyclohexanecyclohexene+bromine⟶dibromocyclohexane
Draw structures, including charges and electrons, and add curved arrows. Details count.
Step 1 Add three curved arrows to the first step.
Draw the step 1 products: 1 organic species and 1 inorganic species.

Answers

Answer 1

The pi electrons of cyclohexene attack Br2, forming a bromonium ion intermediate and a bromide ion (Br-). The bromide ion attacks the more substituted carbon of the bromonium ion, leading to the formation of dibromocyclohexane.

1. In the first step, the pi electrons of the double bond in cyclohexene will attack one of the bromine atoms in Br2. At the same time, the Br-Br bond will break, and electrons will be transferred to the other bromine atom. This will create a bromonium ion intermediate and a bromide ion (Br-).

Here is the structure for the bromonium ion intermediate:
```
   Br(+)
    |
  //   \\
/        \
C          C
\       /
  \\  //
    C
```
The structure for the bromide ion (Br-) is just a bromine atom with a negative charge.

2. In the second step, the bromide ion (Br-) attacks the more substituted carbon atom of the bromonium ion (the carbon atom not bonded to the Br(+)). This breaks the bond between the carbon and the Br(+) atom, and a new bond forms between the carbon and the incoming bromide ion.

The final product, dibromocyclohexane, has the following structure:
```
    Br
    |
  //   \\
/        \
C          C-Br
\       /
  \\  //
    C
```

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Related Questions

Can water stay liquid below zero degrees Celsius?

Answers

Yes, water can stay liquid below zero degrees Celsius. ... When we apply pressure to a liquid, we force the molecules to get closer together. They can therefore form stable bonds and become a solid even if they have a higher temperature than the freezing point at standard pressure.

How many milliliters of 1.58 M HCl are needed to react completely with 23.2 g of NaHCO3 (= 84.02 g/mol)?
HCl(aq) + NaHCO3(s) ? NaCl(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
a. 175 mL
b. 536 mL
c. 276 mL
d. 572 mL
e. 638 mL

Answers

c. 276 mL of 1.58 M HCl.

To answer this question, we need to use the mole ratio between the two reactants: 1 mole of HCl for every 1 mole of NaHCO3.

In this case, we need 23.2 g of NaHCO3, which is equal to 0.273 moles (23.2 g / 84.02 g/mol).

Since we need 1 mole of HCl for every 1 mole of NaHCO3, we can calculate the number of moles of HCl needed with the following equation: 0.273 moles of NaHCO3 x 1 mole HCl/1 mole NaHCO3 = 0.273 moles of HCl.

Now we can use the molarity of HCl (1.58 M) to calculate the volume of HCl needed. 1.58 M HCl x 0.273 moles HCl/1 L HCl = 0.433 L HCl, or 433 mL of HCl. Therefore, the correct answer is c. 276 mL of 1.58 M HCl.

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Camk1 and camk2 are in the same gene family. camk1 is a kinase that phosphorylates target proteins in the cytosol. what can you infer about camk2?

Answers

Based on the information provided, we can infer that camk2 is also a kinase, since it belongs to the same gene family as camk1. Camk2 is likely to have a similar function as camk1, which is phosphorylating target proteins in the cytosol.



Gene families are groups of genes that share a common ancestry and have similar functions. Since camk1 and camk2 are in the same gene family, they are likely to have similar characteristics and functions. Camk1 is specifically mentioned as a kinase that phosphorylates target proteins in the cytosol.

Therefore, it is reasonable to infer that camk2, being in the same gene family, would also be a kinase and have a similar function of phosphorylating target proteins in the cytosol. In summary, camk2 is inferred to be a kinase that phosphorylates target proteins in the cytosol, similar to camk1.

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write the formula of the salt formed by the neutralization of iron(iii) hydroxide and hydrofluoric acid.

Answers

The neutralization reaction between iron(III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)₃) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) can be represented as follows:

Fe(OH)₃ + 3HF → FeF₃ + 3H₂O

The formula of the salt formed by this neutralization reaction is iron(III) fluoride (FeF₃).

A chemical reaction known as neutralization occurs when an acid and a base react with one another in a quantitative manner. When a chemical reaction takes place in water, neutralization ensures that the resulting solution does not include an excessive amount of hydrogen or hydroxide ions.

The acidity of the reactants will determine how much of a change there is in the pH of the solution after it has been neutralized.

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The pressure in a bicycle tire is 1.34atm at 33.0 ° C. At what temperature will the pressure inside the tire be 1.60atm?

Answers

Answer:

92.37°C

Explanation:

Assuming the volume remains the same in both the states ( bicycle tire).

Then as per ideal gas equation

\(P_1/T_1 = P_2/T_2\)

where P1, P2 are pressure at two different states and T1, T2 are temperature at these two states

Given:

P1 = 1.34 atm, T1 = 33.0 ° C = 306K

P2 = 1.60 atm, T2 = ?

1.34/306 = 1.60/T_2

⇒ T2 = 1.60×306/1.34

= T2= 365.37K= 92.37°C

You have 10 mL of a 2 M stock solution of NaCl. What volume of NaCl stock would you have to use to make 500 µL of 100 mM NaCI? (NOTE: This is a challenging question!)Match the values to the variables.This is what I solve for 1. Ci500 μL 2. Cf10 mL 3. Vi100 mM 4. Vf2 M 5. None of these

Answers

You would need to use 2.5 µL of the 2 M NaCl stock solution to make 500 µL of 100 mM NaCl solution

To make 500 µL of 100 mM NaCl solution, you need to have 5 x 10^-7 moles of NaCl. Given the concentration of your stock solution, the number of moles of NaCl in 10 mL of the solution can be calculated as follows:  you would need to use 2.5 µL of the 2 M NaCl stock solution to make 500 µL of 100 mM NaCl solution

moles of NaCl = \((2 M) x (10 mL) = 20 x 10^-3\) moles

To obtain \(5 x 10^-7\) moles of NaCl, you need to take \((5 x 10^-7 moles) / (20 x 10^-3 moles) x (10 mL) = 2.5 x 10^-6 mL = 2.5 µL\) of the stock solution.

Therefore, you would need to use 2.5 µL of the 2 M NaCl stock solution to make 500 µL of 100 mM NaCl solution.

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Sample A is measured to have a mass of 7.3g and sample B has a mass of 8.28g. Which measurement best describes their combined mass?

A.16g
B.15.58g
c.15.5g
D15.6g

Answers

It’s B because it is 7.3 add 8.28 which equals 15.58!

In the nitrate ion (NO3-), nitrogen and oxygen are held together by
A) electronegativity.
B) covalent bonds.
C) dative bonds.
D) network bonds.
E) ionic interactions.

Answers

In the nitrate ion (NO3-), nitrogen and oxygen are held together by covalent bonds.

In the nitrate ion (NO3-), nitrogen and oxygen atoms are held together by covalent bonds. Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. In the case of the nitrate ion, the central nitrogen atom shares its electrons with three oxygen atoms, resulting in the formation of three covalent bonds. The covalent bonds allow for the sharing of electrons between the atoms, creating a stable and bonded nitrate ion structure.

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Calculate the mass of 0.5dm3 of a 2g/dm3 solution of silver nitrate

Answers

Answer:

5.6

Explanation:

Because of the gravity of the earth

Consider the following potential for two inert gas (Xe) atoms at separation R : U=λe −R/rho
− R 6
A

(a) Calculate the potential energy of the two atoms at equilibrium separation R 0

. Express your answer in terms of an exponential function of (R 0

/rho). (The answer should be in the form: U= (factor) e −R 0

/rho
, and the factor should be determined. (b) If the equilibrium separation R 0

=12rho, find the equilibrium potential energy of the two atoms in terms of λ. (c) Now consider a Xe crystal with N atoms and only nearest neighbor interactions. Find the total interaction energy in units of eV/ atom assuming λ=4156eV and R 0

/rho=12

Answers

The total interaction energy in units of eV/atom assuming λ = 4156 eV and R_0/rho = 12 is 150N eV/atom.

Given Potential for two inert gas (Xe) atoms at separation R :

U=λe^(-R/rho)-R^6/a^6

a) To calculate the potential energy of the two atoms at equilibrium separation R_0,

we have to put dU/dR = 0λ e^(-R_0/rho) = (6R_0^6)/(a^6)λ e^(-R_0/rho) = (6(12rho)^6)/(a^6)

Therefore, λ = (6(12rho)^6)/(a^6) * e^(12)

The potential energy can be expressed as, U=λe^(-R_0/rho) = ((6(12rho)^6)/(a^6)) * e^(12) * e^(-12rho/rho)= ((6*12^6)/a^6) * e^(-11rho)

b) Given R_0 = 12rho, λ = (6(12rho)^6)/(a^6) * e^(12)

Therefore, λ = (6(12rho)^6)/(a^6) * e^(12) = (6 * 12^6)/(a^6) * e^(12) * e^(-12) = (6 * 12^6)/(a^6)

Potential energy U = λe^(-R_0/rho) = (6 * 12^6)/(a^6) * e^(-11rho)c)

The total interaction energy in units of eV/ atom assuming λ = 4156 eV and R_0/rho = 12

Therefore, λ = (6(12rho)^6)/(a^6) * e^(12) = (6 * 12^6)/(a^6) * e^(12) * e^(-12) = (6 * 12^6)/(a^6)

Total energy (U) = (N/2)U = (N/2)λe^(-R_0/rho) = (N/2)(6 * 12^6)/(a^6) * e^(-11rho) = 150N eV/atom.

Therefore, the total interaction energy in units of eV/atom assuming λ = 4156 eV and R_0/rho = 12 is 150N eV/atom.

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How many liters could you fill with 65 grams of nitrogen gas (N2) at STP?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Multiply the coefficient 0.022414 by the number of moles to calculate the gas volume in cubic meters at the standard temperature and pressure. In our example, the volume of the nitrogen gas is 0.022414 x 2 = 0.044828 cubic meters or 44.828 liters.

Plan an investigation to examine the relationship between the amount of gas
and its volume. Identify the materials and write a procedure, identifying the
constants and variables. Conduct the investigation and record your
observations.

I can’t think of anything to use for this experiment and we aren’t told what to use so if anyone had any ideas for that I would really appreciate it

Answers

Answer:

You will need a Kukushili pressure cooker for this experiment. This pressure cooker will allow you to compress the gases and observe its volume.

convert 10erg into joule​

Answers

Answer:

0.000001 joule

Explanation:

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0. A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 273 days. How much of a sample of 100 grams of the isotope would remain after 732 days?

Answers

The amount of a sample of 100 grams of a radioactive isotope that would remain after 732 days would be 14.0625 grams.

Given, the Half-life of the radioactive isotope = 273 days.Time elapsed = 732 days.Initial quantity or sample = 100 grams. Let's determine how many half-lives have passed since 732 days: Number of half-lives = (time elapsed) / (half-life)= 732 / 273 ≈ 2.683

Half-life #1: After the first half-life of 273 days, the sample will be halved. Therefore, after 273 days, the quantity remaining will be 1/2 * 100g = 50g

Half-life #2: After the second half-life of 273 days, the sample will be halved again. Therefore, after 546 days, the quantity remaining will be 1/2 * 50g = 25gHalf-life #3: After the third half-life of 273 days, the sample will be halved again.

Therefore, after 819 days, the quantity remaining will be 1/2 * 25g = 12.5gHowever, the time elapsed from 819 days to 732 days is 87 days. This time interval is less than the half-life. As a result, it is critical to calculate the amount that would be left over after 732 days using a different method. Let us consider the remaining amount from 819 days (12.5g) as the new initial quantity for the remaining 87 days. The half-life of the radioactive isotope is 273 days.

Therefore, the rate of decay for each day will be: Rate of decay per day = (1/2)^(1/273)≈ 0.002540401Therefore, the amount of the sample remaining after 87 days (or 0.3195 half-lives) can be calculated using the following formula: Q = Q0(0.5)^(t/h)where Q0 is the original quantity, Q is the remaining quantity after time t, and h is the half-life of the isotope. Q = 12.5g × (0.5)^(0.3195)Q ≈ 6.5625g

Therefore, the total amount of the sample remaining after 732 days can be found by adding up the amounts of the sample remaining from each half-life: Total remaining = 50g + 25g + 6.5625gTotal remaining ≈ 81.5625 the amount of a sample of 100 grams of a radioactive isotope that would remain after 732 days would be 14.0625 grams.

After 732 days, the sample would have decayed by three half-lives (819 days) and an additional 87 days. As a result, 81.5625g of the sample will remain after 732 days. Therefore, 100g - 81.5625g = 18.4375g of the sample would have decayed in 732 days.

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A vessel contains 1 mole of O2​ gas (molar mass=32) at temperature T. The pressure of the gas is P. An identical vessel containing one mole of He gas (molar mass=4) at a temperature 2T, has a pressure of

Answers

A vessel contains 1 mole of O2​ gas (molar mass=32) at temperature T. The pressure of the gas is P. An identical vessel containing one mole of He gas (molar mass=4) at a temperature 2T, has a pressure of 2P.

We understand that : PV=nRT

Here, P 1​ =P,V 1​ =V 2​ =V (as equal vessel extent V is identical for each gas)T 1​ =T,T 2​ =2T,n 1​ =n 2​ =1,P 2​ =? Thus,  P 1​ P 2​ ​ = T 1​ T 2​ ​ or  PP 2​ ​ = T2T​ ⇒P 2​ =2P.T= twice  and pressure is also 2.Thus it is 2p.

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A buffer is prepared which contains 0.10 M nitrous acid, HNO2, and 0.12 M sodium nitrite, NaNO2. (Ka

Answers

A buffer is prepared which contains 0.10 M nitrous acid, HNO2, and 0.12 M sodium nitrite, NaNO2. (Ka=4.5x10-4) Calculate the pH after 0.016 mol of NaOH is added to 1.00 L of the buffer.

What is buffer ?

A buffer solution is an aqueous mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or vice versa, known more specifically as a pH buffer or hydrogen ion buffer.

When a modest amount of a strong acid or base is applied to it, the pH hardly changes at all. A multitude of chemical applications use buffer solutions to maintain pH at a practically constant value.

Numerous living systems use buffering to control pH in the natural world. For instance, the pH of blood is controlled by the bicarbonate buffering system, and bicarbonate also serves as a buffer in the ocean is an aqueous mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or vice versa, known more specifically as a pH buffer or hydrogen ion buffer.

When a modest amount of a strong acid or base is applied to it, the pH hardly changes at all. A multitude of chemical applications use buffer solutions to maintain pH at a practically constant value.

Numerous living systems use buffering to control pH in the natural world. For instance, the pH of blood is controlled by the bicarbonate buffering system, and bicarbonate also serves as a buffer in the ocean.

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classify this reaction and balance the equation Zn(s) + AgNO3(aq) --> Ag(s)+ Zn (NO3)2(aq)

Answers

Answer:

this reaction is

Displacement reaction

Explanation:

balancing

Zn+ 2AgNO3 ----> 2Ag + Zn(NO3)2

Hope this will help:)

What is the Formula for the volume of an irregular object?

Answers

Answer:

Multiply the length, width, and height together.

( length *, width *, height )

The answer to this is multiplication problem is the volume of the object.

Explanation:

- Do not measure the height of the entire container, just the height from one watermark to another.

I hope this helped!

The specific heat capacity of copper is 0.385 J/(gK). If 353 J of heat are added to 3.6 moles of copper at 283 K, what is the final temperature of the sample of copper?

Answers

Answer:

287K

Explanation:

To find the increasing in temperature for the sample of copper we must use the equation:

Q = m*C*ΔT

Q is the heat added (353J)

m is the mass of copper (3.6mol * (63.546g / mol) = 228.8g

C is specific heat (0.385J/(gK))

And ΔT is the increasing in temperature.

Solving for ΔT:

Q / m*C = ΔT

353J /228.8g*0.385J/(gK) = 4.0K

That means the final temperature of copper is:

283K + 4K =

287K

5. Thomson's experiments with cathode rays led to the discovery of the:
electron
Neutron

Answers

Electron because it’s more valid than neutron

The transfer of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature is called ________.

Answers

Answer:

convection

Explanation:

it is heat transfer, and convection is 1 way of it

Calculate the empirical formula for a compound containing 67.6% Hg 10.8% S 21.6% O

Answers

Answer:

HgSO₄

Explanation:

% => g => moles => ratio => reduce => empirical ratio

%Hg = 67.6% => 67.6g/201g/mol = 0.34mol

%S    = 10.8% => 10.8g/32g/mol = 0.34mol

%O   = 21.6% => 21.6g/16g/mol = 1.35mol

Hg:S:O => 0.34:0.34:1.35

Reduce to whole number ratio by dividing by the smaller mole value...

Hg:S:O => 0.34/.34:0.34/.34:1.35/.34 => Empirical Ratio = 1:1:4

∴ Empirical Formula is HgSO₄

Empirical formula of the compound is HgSO4.

What is empirical formula?

The empirical formula yields the compound with the lowest whole number ratio of atoms. Empirical formula  specifies the relative number of atoms in each element in the compound. An empirical formula, in other words, provides us the relative ratios of different atoms in a compound.

What is compound?

A compound is a material formed by the interaction of  more than one distinct chemical element.

Calculation of empirical formula is shown as below:

Now,67.6% of Hg = 67.6 g of Hg.

10.8% of S = 10.8 g of S

21.6% of O = 21.6 g of O

Molar mass of each component which exist in compound, Hg = 200.59 g/mol, O = 15.9994 g/mol, S = 32.065 g/mol

Gram to mole conversion:

\(Hg\;=\;67.6\;.\;\frac{1\; mol}{200.59\; g}\;=\;0.337\;mol\;Hg\\S\;\;=\;10.8\;.\;\frac{1\; mol}{32.065\; g}\;=\;0.337\;mol\;S\\O\;\;=\;21.6\;.\;\frac{1\; mol}{15.9994\; g}\;=\;1.35\;mol\;O\)

Calculation of mole of elements.

\({Mole\;of\;S}\;=\;\frac{0.337\;mol}{0.337\;mol} =\frac{1}{1} \\\frac{Mole\;of\;O}{Mole\;of\;S}\;=\;\frac{1.35\;mol}{0.337\;mol} =\frac{4}{1}\)

Hence, the empirical formula will be HgSO4.

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Answer asap have to finish by 1

Answer asap have to finish by 1

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

because b is way more precise for measuring smaller volumes of liquid

Answer:

B

Explanation:

because b is way more precise for measuring smaller volumes of liquid THANKS 00.0(0 votes)Express your feedback with quick commentsNeed a bit more clarification? Get a high-quality answer with step-by-step explanations from a professional in just minutes instead!GET A VERIFIED ANSWERAdvertisementStill have questions?FIND MORE ANSWERSASK YOUR QUESTIONNew questions in ChemistryWhich water-soluble vitamin cannot be absorbed by the intestinal mucosa unless it has been bound to intrinsic factor?What type(s) of bonds is (are) found between atoms within hydrocarbon molecules?Why are mixtures of gases, such as argon and helium, much more likely to form an ideal solution than other combinations such as solids and liquids?The number of covalent bonds that a nitrogen atom is expected to form is?(CO3) 2 is the _______ group of answer choices acetate cyanide hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)carbonateAnswer asap have to finish by 1Divide the scientific notationgood morning another free point question:) have a good life and the person who gave me advice i love you​perform the following mathematical operation, and report the answer to the correct numbers of significant figures 2.500 x 10^2 __________= ?x10^? 5….00 x 10^-5What information does an equilibrium constant give about a reaction? A. It tells whether products or reactants are favored at equilibrium. B. It tells…how much energy is required for the reaction to happen. C. It tells how long it takes the reaction to reach equilibrium. D. It tells what the rate constant of the reaction is at equilibrium. SUBMITLOAD MOREPreviousNextplattnicholasrAmbitious2224 pts2Answer MasterNumbers Nerd+16 moreCurrent planBrainly BasicSpecial Offers3View My AchievementsAccount SettingsYour influence2Answering StreakYour Streak is on! Answer another question tomorrow and keep it going.Fun factAn apple, potato, and onion all taste the same if you eat them with your nose plugged 1Fun factBananas are curved because they grow towards the sun ☀️233Get +6 bonus3Last 7 daysOverallYour stats from the last 7 days compared with the previous 7 daysPopularity16People learning from your answers.+1600%Brainliest2This many users said your answers were the best!+200%Thanks7Your effort is appreciated!+700%Questions answered42+4200%17 Aug - 23 Aug

You want to completely boil 500g of water that is at 15°C. How much energy is needed to accomplish this?

Answers

The amount of energy required to boil water depends on the initial temperature of the water, the mass of the water, and the heat of vaporization of water.

The heat of vaporization of water is 40.7 kJ/mol or 2.26 kJ/g.

To completely boil 500g of water that is at 15°C, we need to first heat the water to its boiling point (100°C), and then provide the energy required for the phase change from liquid to gas.

The amount of energy required to heat the water from 15°C to 100°C can be calculated using the specific heat capacity of water, which is 4.184 J/g°C:

Q1 = m * c * ΔT

Q1 = 500g * 4.184 J/g°C * (100°C - 15°C)

Q1 = 191,020 J

The amount of energy required for the phase change from liquid to gas can be calculated as follows:

Q2 = m * Hv

Q2 = 500g * 2.26 kJ/g

Q2 = 1,130 kJ

Therefore, the total amount of energy required to completely boil 500g of water that is at 15°C is:

Qtotal = Q1 + Q2

Qtotal = 191,020 J + 1,130 kJ

Qtotal = 1,321,020 J

So, it would require 1,321,020 joules of energy to completely boil 500g of water that is at 15°C.

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A group 5A element:

actinium

arsenic

rhenium

Answers

Answer:

ARESENIC is in the 5A category

Explanation:

edge 2020

5A (Nitrogen group) elements tend to react to gain 3 electrons to be like noble gas.

What is 5A group element?

5A group known as nitrogen group. In these group elements contains nonmetals, metals, halogens, noble gases and metalloids.

These elements react with oxygen to form acidic compounds.

Configuration of 5A group: 2s2 2p3, 3s2, 3p2

Example: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic etc.

Actinium (Ac) atomic number = 89 (it is a silvery radioactive metallic material. Actinium-227 is extremely radioactive element).

Arsenic (Ar) atomic number = 33 (it found in many minerals usually in combination of sulfur and metals but it also found in pure elemental crystal. It is a metalloid).

Rhenium (Re) atomic number = 75 (it is found in earth crust. It is used in additive to tungsten and molybdenum-based alloys. It is very toxic to humans it may causes skin related disease).

Therefore, 5A (Nitrogen group) elements tend to react to gain 3 electrons to be like a noble gas.

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What is the pH of a solution with a [H3O+] concentration of 3.4 x 10-¹¹ M?

Answers

The pH of the solution will be 10.47.

what is pH?

The pH of a solution is mathematically given as:

 pH = - log [\(H^+\)] of -log [\(H_3O^+\)]

Thus, in this case, with  [\(H_3O^+\)]  of 3.4 x 10-¹¹ M:

pH = -log 3.4 x \(10^-^1^1\) = 10.47

Thus, the pH of the solution will be 10.47.

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classify the compounds according to whether they are conjugated or non‑conjugated.

Answers

Conjugated dienes are two double bonds separated by a single bond. Nonconjugated Dienes are two double bonds are separated by more than one single bond.

In general , p-orbitals were used to identify conjugation. These p-orbitals are significantly used to make double bonds, so a lone pair  is present in p-orbitals if it is conjugate . Hence, To be a conjugated atom it must have three or more p-orbitals in a row.

If we talk about Conjugated system, the covalent chemical compound, a group or chain of atoms that carries valence electrons  and they are not engaged in single-bond formation so they modify the behavior's of each other atoms present in the vicinity .

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How many hydrogen atoms are in 1 molecule of isopropyl alcohol, C3H70?

Answers

Answer:

7 hydrogen atoms

Explanation:

As we can see in the formula of  isopropyl alcohol, C3H70, total 7 hydrogen atoms are bound to three carbon and one oxygen atom in different manner.

Thus, it can be said that there are 7 hydrogen atoms in 1 molecule of isopropyl alcohol, C3H7O

PLSS HELPP Giving brainliest!! Suppose you place the coefficient 4 before H2O. How many atoms of hydrogen and how many atoms of oxygen will the formula have?

Answers

Answer: 8 oxygen atoms and 4 hydrogen atoms. Explanation down below.

Explanation: One molecule of oxygen gas is composed of two oxygen atoms (O2). Here there is four atoms of oxygen gas which in total gives eight oxygen atoms. Same ways One molecule of hydrogen gas is composed of two hydrogen atoms (H2), so 2 atoms of hydrogen gas in total gives four hydrogen atoms. As per the formula of water, 2 (H2) and 1(O) to form a water molecule (H2O). Here there are 4 H2, so divide the number of hydrogen atoms by the number needed per water molecule i.e. 4 / 2 = 2. This means 2 water molecules will be produced.

The John Amos power plan located in Winfield, WV is a coal fired plant. The combustion of coal results in the emission of sulfur dioxide (SO 2

) into the atmosphere. SO 2

is known to cause respiratory illness and is a component of acid rain. Regulators are attempting to determine an efficient level of pollution. The following information is provided, the marginal damage costs (MDC) and marginal control costs (MCC), where Q= hundreds of tons of SO 2

and all costs are measured in hundreds of dollars. MDC=20Q
MCC=400−5Q

a. Determine the efficient quantity of SO 2

that should be released. b. Draw a model that represents the MDC and MCC. Include the efficient quantity and label the areas of total costs for damages and control.

Answers

The efficient quantity of SO2 emissions that should be released from the power plant is 16 hundred tons.

The efficient quantity of SO2 emissions that should be released from the John Amos power plant can be determined by equating the marginal damage costs (MDC) and marginal control costs (MCC). In this case, the MDC is given by 20Q (where Q is the quantity of SO2 emissions in hundreds of tons), and the MCC is given by 400 - 5Q.

To find the efficient quantity, we set MDC equal to MCC:

20Q = 400 - 5Q

Simplifying the equation, we get:

25Q = 400

Dividing both sides by 25, we find:

Q = 16

Therefore, the efficient quantity of SO2 emissions that should be released from the power plant is 16 hundred tons.

In the model representing MDC and MCC, the x-axis represents the quantity of SO2 emissions (Q in hundreds of tons), and the y-axis represents the cost (in hundreds of dollars). The MDC curve is upward-sloping, starting from the origin and increasing at a constant rate of 20. The MCC curve is downward-sloping, starting at 400 and decreasing at a constant rate of 5. The efficient quantity of 16 is labeled on the x-axis.

The areas of total costs for damages and control can be identified on the graph. The area under the MDC curve represents the total cost of damages caused by the emissions, while the area under the MCC curve represents the total cost of implementing control measures to reduce the emissions. The goal is to minimize the sum of these costs, which is achieved at the point where the MDC and MCC curves intersect, corresponding to the efficient quantity of emissions.

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