The experimental results suggest that mutations produce resistant cells and that the cells become resistant independent of exposure to the bacteriophage.
The researchers conducted an experiment to investigate the origin of bacterial resistance to bacteriophage, viruses that infect and kill bacteria. They observed that when the bacteria were grown in the presence of bacteriophage, a few bacterial cells were resistant and able to survive and reproduce, forming colonies of bacterial cells. Two hypotheses were proposed to explain the occurrence of bacterial resistance: Hypothesis 1 suggested that resistance develops as a response to exposure to the bacteriophage, while Hypothesis 2 proposed that resistance is due to random mutations.
To distinguish between these two explanations, Luria and Delbruck designed an experiment. They subjected different cultures of bacteria to the same exposure of the bacteriophage and observed the number of resistant colonies that emerged. If Hypothesis 1 were true, it would be expected that different cultures exposed to the bacteriophage would produce a consistent number of resistant colonies. On the other hand, Hypothesis 2 predicted that different cultures would exhibit wide fluctuations in the number of resistant colonies due to the random occurrence of mutations.
The experimental results showed that the number of resistant colonies varied significantly among the different cultures. This finding supported Hypothesis 2, suggesting that resistance is due to random mutations. The mutations occur spontaneously in the bacterial cells and confer resistance to the bacteriophage. Importantly, the experiment also demonstrated that resistance is independent of exposure to the bacteriophage. In other words, the resistant cells become resistant regardless of their direct interaction with the bacteriophage.
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Question 5 of 26
The image shows an energy pyramid.
Eagle
Snake
Frog
Grasshopper
Grass
Which statement is supported by the pyramid?
A. All of the energy in the grass will be passed on to the next level.
B. Some of the energy in a snake is available to frogs
C. Some of the energy in a grasshopper will be used for a frog's life
functions
D. Most of the energy in an eagle will be passed on to producers.
Answer:
C. Some of the energy in a grasshopper will be used for a frog's life functions is supported by the pyramid.
Right now we have the ability for genetic modification (plants, animals, diseases, or humans). Discuss a positive or a negative use and whether you agree or disagree with it.
Answer:
There are pros and cons in genetic modification.
Explanation:
Pros: It will help with plant growth and because of global warming it can help keep the plants alive. It can also help cure some diseases and help humans stay alive with what is coming for us in the future.
Cons: If we do this, we would gain more diseases and have new mutations going on in the world. The Plants may mutate and we may lose some types of animals to new diseases.
A new species was discovered in the deep jungles of Venezuela. In order to properly name the newly discovered organism, scientists needed to correctly classify it based on certain characteristics that they observed. This organism is capable of movement, performing photosynthesis with chloroplasts, and it also has ribosomes. Using these features, justify your choice of the kingdom and why it is not the other kingdoms.
Answer:
plantea
Explanation:
because it is able to preform photosynthesis
How many African Americans are carriers of the sickle-cell allele?
1 in 100
1 in 11
1 in 500
1 in 50
Answer:
Sickle cell trait is an inherited blood disorder that affects 1 million to 3 million Americans and 8 to 10 percent of African Americans.
Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder that is carried by 1 in 500 African Americans, according to the National Institute of Health (NIH).
Sickle cell anemia occurs due to mutation in the beta chain of the hemoglobin molecule, where the glutamic acid at the 6th position of chromosome 11 is substituted by valine.
Having a sickle cell trait cannot cause disorder because the person with the sickle cell trait only contains one allele containing this mutation. Contrary to this, a patient with Sickle cell anemia has a mutation in both alleles.
The African populations were most prone to malaria, and sickle cell trait evolved as a mechanism of defense against malaria. Having the Sickle cell trait helps in fighting the malarial pathogen.
Apart from the African American population, people having ancestors from Sub-Saharan, South Asian, Middle Eastern, Central, and South American origin are also prone to contain the Sickle cell trait.
This concludes that people of African American origin are prone to inherit the sickle cell trait from their ancestors, and about 1 in every 500 people will be a carrier of this allele.
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What is meant by the term primary producer in the food chain?
Answer:
Hmm...
Explanation:
Think plants, grass, algae, etc. Base of the food chain.
\( \large{ \underline{ \bf{Primary \: Producers}}}\)
They are autotrophic organisms which fix up the solar energy and manufacture their own food from inorganic material.They form the base of the food chain constituting first tropic level \( \sf (T_1) \).Example: Phytoplankton, Grasses, Trees, etc.The "three R's" describe an infant or toddler's
A. angry reactions to other children.
B. verbal responses to adults.
C. general interactions with others.
D. reaction to physical abuse by another child.
Answer:
C. general interactions with others.
Explanation:
The "three R's" refers to Respective, Responsive, Reciprocal. These three things are necessary for better growth and education of the child. The "three R's" are very important because the main focus of these "three R's" is to know the method that how the children learn different things. The teacher or parents should respectful while interact with the child. Being gentle is also a form of giving respect to the child. Always give response on the action made by the child.
20 points + brainliest to first correct answer! :))
Which outcome would most likely suggest that data collected is unreliable?
Other scientists conduct the same study but find different data.
The data is put on a scatterplot but does not show any trend.
Each data point is considered by many scientists to be accurate.
Many tools were used in the same laboratory to measure the data.
Each data point is considered by many scientists to be accurate. This is answer.
PLEASE MARK ME BRAINLIESTI believe your answer is.. A.) Other scientists conduct the same study but find different data.
I hope this is correct and helps!
Kala added a spoon of yeast and hot boiling water to knead bread dough, whereas Rupa added warm water to knead the dough with yeast in it. Both of them made bread. Whose bread will be soft? Why?
Answer:
I think Rupa's bread will come out softer than Kala's.
Explanation:
Using hot boiling water to activate yeast can kill it. Instead of being absorbed by the protein, the hot water is absorbed into the starch molecules.
It is better to use warm water to get a more fluffy bread.
Soft bread is soft because CO2 produced by yeast and water that gets turned to steam by the baking process gets trapped into pockets by a mesh of gluten, causing the dough to expand. The dough then solidifies, keeping its shape. If your bread is not soft then it hasn't expanded enough for one or more reasons.
Have a good day and stay safe!
Mandel reached conclusions about inheritance without ever seeing chromosomes or knowing about DNA. Which technology has enabled the greatest advances in understanding inheritance?
Answer:
DNA Analysis
Explanation:
I need a argument to: An organism has two copies of a gene for each feature.
Answer:
Since genes come in more than one version, an organism can have two of the same alleles of a gene, or two different alleles. This is important because alleles can be dominant, recessive, or codominant to each other. I hope this helps
Aaron started a bacteria culture but forgot how many bacteria he started with. He knows that the number of bacteria will double every 4 hours and that after 12 hours, there were 5600 of them. How many bacteria were there initially?
Initially, there were 700 bacteria in the culture.
Let's work backward from the known information. After 12 hours, the number of bacteria reached 5600. We can determine the initial number of bacteria by figuring out how many times the population doubled in that time.
Since the population doubles every 4 hours, there would have been three doubling periods in 12 hours (12 divided by 4). Therefore, the initial number of bacteria would be the final number (5600) divided by 2 raised to the power of 3 (2^3).
Mathematically, it can be calculated as follows:
Initial number of bacteria = Final number of bacteria / (2^number of doubling periods)
Initial number of bacteria = 5600 / (2^3)
Initial number of bacteria = 5600 / 8
Initial number of bacteria = 700
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Anne Hutchinson was executed for teaching that worshipers needed neither the church nor its ministers to
interpret the Bible for them. True or false
Anne Hutchinson was executed for teaching that worshipers needed neither the church nor its ministers to interpret the Bible for them is false banished.
Francis Marbury, a dissenting priest, and Bridget Dryden were the parents of Anne Marbury Hutchinson, who was born in England. Her father instructed her in the scriptures when she was growing up in Alford, Lincolnshire. She wed William Hutchinson, a businessman and scion of a renown family, in 1612. She gave birth to more than a dozen children between 1614 and 1630.Religious leader and midwife Anne Hutchinson was born in England but immigrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1634 together with the puritans. Hutchinson was an ardent member of the puritan subculture who adhered to Antinomianism. Francis Marbury, a dissenting priest, and Bridget Dryden were the parents of Anne Marbury Hutchinson, who was born in England.To learn more about Anne Hutchinson.
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How many ATP's are generated from one glucose molecule that has
completed cellular respiration?
Is it 36 or 38
1. list the energy sources used to synthesize atp for muscle contraction.
ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate is the primary source of energy for most cellular processes including muscle contraction. ATP is synthesized through several energy sources during muscle contraction.
The sources of energy that synthesize ATP for muscle contraction are as follows:Glycolysis: This process occurs in the cytoplasm and it converts glucose or glycogen into pyruvate. The energy released in this process is used to synthesize ATP. The net gain from glycolysis is two ATP molecules. Krebs cycle or Citric acid cycle: This cycle occurs in the mitochondria and it generates ATP by oxidizing acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide. The total yield of ATP from one glucose molecule is 36 or 38 ATP molecules depending on the source of glucose. Electron transport chain: This is the final stage of oxidative metabolism that occurs in the inner membrane of mitochondria. During this process, electrons are transferred from one molecule to another and this generates a proton gradient. This gradient is used by ATP synthase to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). The yield of ATP from one glucose molecule in this process is 28 or 32 ATP molecules depending on the source of glucose.
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Which two types of clouds extend vertically through the troposphere?
The DNA polymerase is from Thermus aquaticus and the DNA template is from a human cell. The newly synthesized DNA would be most similar to:
The DNA polymerase is from Thermus aquaticus and the DNA template is from a human cell. The newly synthesized DNA would be most similar to the DNA template from the human cell, but would contain a few subtle differences.
This is because the primary function of the DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus is to replicate and repair DNA strands, so it is designed to faithfully copy the existing DNA sequence.
However, due to the fact that the DNA polymerase is sourced from a different organism, there may be some small variations as the polymerase is not specifically tailored to recognize the same genetic code as the human DNA template.
This is compounded by the fact that the polymerase is an enzyme and enzymes are not perfect, so slight variations in the newly synthesized DNA sequence are to be expected. Furthermore, the polymerase may make mistakes when copying the original template, which results in additional variance.
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Arrange the events in the order that they occur during DNA replication.
DNA replication is a complex process that occurs during cell division, allowing for the accurate transmission of genetic information from parent cells to daughter cells. Initiation Elongation Termination
Initiation: Replication begins at specific sites on the DNA molecule called origins of replication. Here, a group of proteins called the initiator complex binds to the DNA and separates the two strands, forming a replication bubble.
Elongation: DNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand, begins synthesizing a new strand of DNA using the template strand as a guide. The polymerase moves along the template strand in the 3' to 5' direction, adding nucleotides to the new strand in the 5' to 3' direction.
Termination: Replication continues until the polymerase reaches the end of the DNA molecule or encounters an obstacle, such as another polymerase or a damaged DNA strand. At this point, the polymerase detaches from the DNA and replication is complete.
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Which of the following statements is false?
Carbon dioxide has been used to produce sugars and many other molecules needed by the plants.
O Both plants responded to changes in light intensity in the same way.
O At most temperatures, both plants consumed carbon dioxide.
O Both plants responded to changes in temperature in the same way.
Answer:
carbon dioxide statement is false
Question 36
The goal for hazardous waste management should be
a. zero discharge
b. increased generation
c. more regulations
d. both b and c
The correct answer is a. zero discharge. The goal for hazardous waste management should be to minimize the amount of hazardous waste generated, and to ensure that any waste that is generated is properly treated, stored, and disposed of in a way that minimizes risks to human health and the environment.
Zero discharge is a concept that refers to the goal of eliminating the discharge of hazardous waste to the environment, whether it be to air, water, or land.
Increasing the generation of hazardous waste or adding more regulations would not be consistent with the goal of hazardous waste management, as it would increase the risks to human health and the environment. Therefore, option b and c are incorrect.
Hazardous waste is any waste that poses a substantial threat to human health or the environment. This can include waste that is toxic, flammable, corrosive, reactive, infectious, or radioactive. Hazardous waste can be generated from a wide variety of sources, including industrial processes, agricultural activities, medical facilities, and households.
Hazardous waste management involves a number of steps, including waste minimization, treatment, storage, transportation, and disposal. Waste minimization is the process of reducing the amount of hazardous waste that is generated, by modifying industrial processes, reducing chemical use, or finding alternative materials.
Treatment of hazardous waste may involve physical, chemical, or biological methods to reduce its toxicity or volume. Storage of hazardous waste must be done in a way that minimizes the risk of spills or leaks, and transportation of hazardous waste must be done in accordance with strict regulations to ensure that it is transported safely and securely.
Disposal of hazardous waste must be done in a way that minimizes risks to human health and the environment. This may involve land disposal, incineration, or other methods that are designed to destroy or immobilize hazardous waste. The goal of hazardous waste management is to minimize the risks posed by hazardous waste, and to ensure that it is managed in a way that is safe, effective, and environmentally sustainable.
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Occurs when a segment of Chromosomes breaks off and becomes reattached to another chromosome.
Answer:
Translocation
Explanation:
I have no clue lol. But here you go
Nuclear DNA typing can be most successfully accomplished on hairs that have been removed during which stage of growth
Answer:
Anagenic
Explanation:
How do jellyfish swim??? How do they glow???
Do they evaporate???
Answer: Most jellies use a form of jet propulsion to move through seawater. ... This is what most jellyfish do. They squeeze their bodies in order to push jets of water from the bottom of their bodies to propel the jellyfish forward. Now check out another method of jellyfish propulsion, used by the comb jellyfish.....Aequorea jellies glow with a bioluminescent protein used in the biotechnology industry. ... Bioluminescence is light produced by a chemical process within a living organism. The glow occurs when a substance called luciferin reacts with oxygen. This releases energy, and light is emitted....Jellyfish seem to blend in with their environment, undulating gently with the ocean's currents, and with good reason: Their bodies are made up of as much as 98 percent water, says How Stuff Works. When they wash ashore, they can disappear after just a few hours as their bodies evaporate into the air.
Explanation:wow look how dumd I am -_-
the lymphoma-associated fusion tyrosine kinase itk-syk requires pleckstrin homology domain-mediated membrane localization for activation and cellular transformation
The lymphoma-associated fusion tyrosine kinase itk-syk requires pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-mediated membrane localization for activation and cellular transformation.
In this study, researchers investigated the role of the fusion tyrosine kinase itk-syk in lymphoma development. They found that itk-syk requires membrane localization mediated by the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain for its activation and cellular transformation.
The PH domain is a protein domain that has a high affinity for binding to phosphoinositides, which are lipid molecules found in the cell membrane. By localizing itk-syk to the cell membrane through its PH domain, it becomes activated and triggers cellular transformation, potentially contributing to the development of lymphoma.
This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying lymphoma-associated fusion tyrosine kinases and highlights the importance of PH domain-mediated membrane localization in their activation and oncogenic potential.
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Cellular respiration moves carbon from ________ to _________ A. Atmosphere B. Biosphere C. Geosphere D. Hydrosphere
neurons 4591 and 4592 were just like all the other millions of neurons in the brain's center that are created during the first weeks of pregnancy. but in time neuron 4591 became part of the brain that controls logic, while neuron 4592 was in an area of the brain that manages emotion. which process does this describe?
The process that is described in this scenario is neuronal differentiation.
During the early stages of development, the human brain undergoes a complex process of neuronal proliferation, migration, and differentiation, which ultimately gives rise to the highly specialized regions of the brain that are responsible for various cognitive and emotional functions.
In this example, neurons 4591 and 4592 were created in the same way as millions of other neurons during the early stages of pregnancy. However, as the brain developed and differentiated, these neurons took on distinct roles in different areas of the brain. Neuron 4591 became part of the brain that controls logic, while neuron 4592 was in an area of the brain that manages emotion. This differentiation is likely due to the different signals and molecular cues that the two neurons received as they developed and migrated to their final locations.
Overall, the process of neuronal differentiation is critical for the formation of the highly specialized circuits and regions of the brain that underlie complex cognitive and emotional processes.
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At a pressure of 5. 0 atmospheres, a sample of gas occupies 40 liters. What volume will the same sample hold at 1. 0 atmosphere?.
At a pressure of 5. 0 atmospheres, a sample of gas occupies 40 liters, then the volume that the same sample will hold at 1. 0 atmosphere will be 200 liter.
What is Boyle's law?Boyle's law is an experimental gas law that explains the relationship between pressure and volume of a confined gas.
Using the formula for Boyle's law :
P1V1= P2V2
where,
P1 is initial pressure; P2 is final pressure; V1 is initial volume and V2 is the final volume.
Given P1 = 5 atm, V1= 40 l and P2 = 1atm
V2= P1V1/P2
= (5*40)/1
= 200 liter
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How is inertia taking place if a penny is at rest?
A penny is at rest is experiencing inertia because it is not moving.
What is inertia?According to Newton's first law of motion, every object at rest or uniform motion in a straight line will continue in that state unless it is acted upon by an external force. This law is also called law of inertia.
Inertia depends on mass because the more massive an object is, the more reluctant it will be to move.
Thus, a penny is at rest is experiencing inertia because it is not moving.
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The compound Iron (II) sulphate consists of A.Iron and sulphur B. Iron and
silicon C. Iron and silver D. Iron and tin
Answer:
A. Iron and sulphur
Explanation:
It also contains oxygen
\({ \bf{formula}} : { \sf{FeSO_{4}}}\)
write a 1 paragraph explanation on how the Big Bang is the start of the universe.
Answer:
The Big Bang Theory is the leading explanation about how the universe began. At its simplest, it says the universe as we know it started with an infinitely hot, infinitely dense singularity, then inflated — first at unimaginable speed, and then at a more measurable rate — over the next 13.8 billion years to the cosmos that we know today.
Because current instruments don't allow astronomers to literally peer back at the universe's birth, much of what we understand about the Big Bang Theory comes from mathematical formulas and models. Astronomers can, however, see the "echo" of the expansion through a phenomenon known as the cosmic microwave background.
While the majority of the astronomical community accepts the theory, there are some theorists who have alternative explanations besides the Big Bang — such as eternal inflation or an oscillating universe..
Explanation:
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The male of a monogamous bird species is highly valued for its plumage, and many males are killed so that fashion designers can use their feathers on clothing and hats. The sex ratio of this species is now 89 percent female and 11 percent male. What are the long-term prospects for the species? How might this be different if the species were not monogamous?
The term monogamous refers to a species that has only one mate at a time, as opposed to polygamous species which typically have more than one mate.
In the example given here, many males are being killed for their prized plumage. If this continues to happen, the species may die out. This is because once the female mates with a male, she will stay with him, mating for life. Many females will be left without a mate because the ratio of males to females is so low. And so, the number of chicks hatching will continue to drop.
This wouldn't be as big of a problem if the species were polygamous, because the males may have multiple mates at once (or in quick succession.) More eggs become fertilized this way, and the species may have had a chance for survival.