Key Concepts
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Which description defines pseudoscience?
A. process of investigation that resembles science and follows scientific methods
B. process of investigation that resembles science but does not follow scientific methods
C. process of investigation that does not resemble science but follows scientific methods
D. process of investigation that does not resemble science and does not follow scientific methods

Answer:

The unbalanced chemical equation is;

C. N₂O₅ + H₂O → HNO₃

Explanation:

In balancing a chemical reaction equation, only the coefficients of the terms of the reactants and/or the products are adjusted (and not the subscripts to the atoms in the compounds) to ensure that the total number of each element is the same on either side of the arrow for the chemical reaction

A coefficient term is the number multiplier of the compounds and elements in a chemical reaction

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation is obtained by changing the coefficient of the product from the implied '1' to a '2' as follows;

N₂O₅ + H₂O → 2HNO₃

Answer: F-B-F bond angles which has 120 degree angles.

Explanation:

In triangular planar molecular geometry, there is bond which has 120 degree angles i.e. F-B-F bond angle.

The closest to the partial pressure of O₂ after the system has reached equilibrium is 0.5 atm, because K is very large, nearly all the SO₂ is consumed before the system reaches equilibrium, but an excess amount of O₂  remains at equilibrium. the correct answer is B.

Chemical equilibrium is the condition in which the concentrations of the reactants and products are equal and have no further tendency to fluctuate over time, with no discernible change in the features of the system.

The equilibrium moves to the side of the reaction where there are less moles of gas as the pressure increases. When the pressure decreases, the equilibrium moves to favor the reaction that produces more gas molecules.

Partial pressure is inversely proportional to volume, according to the ideal gas law. Additionally, it correlates with both the temperature and the amount of moles.

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For a particular reaction at 142.4 °c, δ=492.35 kj/mol , and δ=561.92 j/(mol⋅k) . ΔG for this reaction at -66.5 °C is -190.45 kJ/mol.

Given information Reaction temperature at 142.4 °C, δ=492.35 kj/mol, and δ=561.92 J/(mol·K)We need to calculate the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of the reaction at -66.5 °C.Conversion of δ from J/(mol·K) to kJ/(mol·K)δ = 561.92 J/(mol·K)  = 0.56192 kJ/(mol·K)The Gibbs free energy equation is as follows:ΔG = ΔH - TΔSWhere, ΔG = Change in Gibbs free energy, ΔH = Enthalpy change, ΔS = Entropy change, T = Temperature (in Kelvin)First, we need to calculate the enthalpy change (ΔH) of the reaction at 142.4 °C by using the following equation:ΔH = ΔE + PΔVWhere, ΔE = Energy change, P = Pressure, ΔV = Volume changeAs the pressure and volume changes are negligible, therefore, ΔH = ΔEAt 142.4 °C, ΔH = δ = 492.35 kJ/molAt -66.5 °C, temperature = -66.5 + 273.15 = 206.65 KNow, we need to calculate the entropy change (ΔS) of the reaction at 142.4 °C using the following equation:ΔG = ΔH - TΔSΔS = (ΔH - ΔG)/TΔS = (492.35 - 0.56192)/(142.4 + 273.15)ΔS = 1.46 kJ/(mol·K)At -66.5 °C,ΔG = ΔH - TΔSΔG = 492.35 kJ/mol - 206.65 K x 1.46 kJ/(mol·K)ΔG = 492.35 kJ/mol - 301.9 kJ/molΔG = - 190.45 kJ/mol. Therefore, ΔG for this reaction at -66.5 °C is -190.45 kJ/mol.

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Explanation:

They have to battle them dang hogs and get them burrows before them.

Answer:

the properties of the object

Explanation:

White light is that light that contains all the colours in the visible spectrum. We see colors of an object when white light hits that particular object. Hence, what happens to white light is dependent on the properties of the object it hits. For example; if white light hits an object and all the wavelengths of light gets reflected, we observe a white color.

A red object will appear red because when white light hits it, it reflects only red light and absorbs every other wavelength of colors in the white light. Thus, the properties of the object hit determines the resulting effect of the white light that hits it.

Answer:

the properties of the object and if not its then the speed at which the light travels

Explanation:

may i get brainliest please

The quantity of heat from a chemical reaction primarily comes from

a. The breaking and formation of chemical bonds.

When a chemical reaction takes place, the bonds between atoms in the reactant molecules are broken, and new bonds are formed to create the products. Breaking bonds requires energy (endothermic process), while forming bonds releases energy (exothermic process). The net energy released or absorbed during these bond-breaking and bond-forming processes determines the heat change of the reaction.

In an exothermic reaction, the energy released from the formation of new bonds is greater than the energy required to break the existing bonds. As a result, heat is released into the surroundings, increasing the temperature of the system. Combustion reactions, such as burning fuel, are examples of exothermic reactions.

On the other hand, in an endothermic reaction, the energy required to break the existing bonds is greater than the energy released during bond formation. Consequently, heat is absorbed from the surroundings, causing a decrease in the system's temperature.

While the presence of oxygen (option b) can be crucial for combustion reactions, it is not the direct source of heat. Oxygen acts as an oxidizing agent and facilitates the combustion process by supporting the breaking and forming of bonds.

Option c, the emission of radiation, can occur during certain chemical reactions, but it is not the primary source of heat. Radiative heat transfer is a secondary mode of heat transfer that can happen alongside convective and conductive heat transfer.

Option d, the composition of the fuel-air mix, can influence the energy released during a reaction but does not directly provide the heat. The composition affects the reactants involved, their bond strengths, and the energy released or absorbed during the reaction.

Thus option a is the correct answer.

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Atoms exchange or share electrons during bonding to obtain stability by completing their valence shells and also to achieve a lower energy state.

Atoms exchange or share electrons during bonding because of the force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions or particles called the electrostatic force. This force of attraction results in the formation of a bond, holding two atoms together within a compound.

The electrons are either shared or exchanged because they determine the chemical reactivity of an atom and are responsible for forming bonds between atoms. Atoms bond with each other to complete their outer shells and obtain stability, which is usually achieved by acquiring eight electrons in their valence shells. This is known as the octet rule.

The main types of chemical bonds that atoms form include covalent bonds and ionic bonds. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. Ionic bonding occurs between atoms that have a large difference in electronegativity, whereas covalent bonding occurs between atoms with a small difference in electronegativity.

In conclusion, atoms exchange or share electrons during bonding to obtain stability by completing their valence shells and also to achieve a lower energy state.

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Answer:

The energy changes forms.

Explanation:

thank you. mark as brainliest plss. i hope this helps.

Answer:

The energy changes forms.

Explanation:

When the child is at point A or B, it has maximum gravitational potential energy (because height is maximum), and kinetic energy increases as the child moves away from from the extreme points and towards the midpoints between them.

The first option is not possible as energy cannot b used up, it can only be transformed from one form to another.

The second option is wrong because energy cannot increase without external energy being put into the system

The third option, while technically accurate, doesn't have any information in the question backing it up (for example, if it was said that the child was slowing down).

Hope this helps!

When cycling against 4 kg of resistance with a 6 m/revolution flywheel at a pedaling rate of 60rpm, the power produced is approximately 1440 kgm/min or 240 Watts.

VO2max refers to the maximum volume of oxygen that a person can consume per kilogram of body weight per minute. It is commonly used as a measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. The equation you provided is one method to estimate VO2max based on a 1.5-mile run/walk field test and heart rate data.
To calculate the estimated VO2max for the 27-year-old man who completed the 1.5-mile run in 13 minutes, we need to substitute the given values into the equation:
VO2max (ml kg−1⋅min−1) = 3.5 + 483 / (1.5 mi time in minutes)
Substituting the values:
VO2max = 3.5 + 483 / 13
Simplifying the equation:
VO2max = 3.5 + 37.15
Calculating the sum:
VO2max ≈ 40.65 ml kg−1⋅min−1
Therefore, the estimated VO2max for the 27-year-old man is approximately 40.65 ml kg−1⋅min−1.
Regarding the second question, we can use the given VO2 and heart rate values for two stages of a submaximal test to estimate the VO2max for the 40-year-old woman. To do this, we need to use the formula:
b=(SM2−SM1)/(HR2−HR1)
VO2Max=SM2+b(HRmax−HR2)
Let's calculate the values step by step:
Substituting the given values:
b = (35.7 - 24.5) / (162 - 145)
Calculating the value of b:
b = 11.2 / 17
Substituting the values into the second part of the equation:
VO2Max = 35.7 + (11.2 / 17) * (HRmax - HR2)
To proceed further, we need the value of HRmax. Since it's not given in the question, we cannot provide an accurate estimation for the VO2max of the 40-year-old woman. I apologize for any inconvenience.
For the third question, we can calculate the kgm/min and Watts produced when cycling against 4 kg of resistance with a 6 m/revolution flywheel at a pedaling rate of 60rpm.
To calculate kgm/min:
Power [kgm/min] = Force [kg] × Flywheel Distance × RPM
Power [kgm/min] = 4 kg × 6 m × 60 rpm
Simplifying the equation:
Power [kgm/min] = 1440 kgm/min
To convert kgm/min to Watts, we divide by 6:
Watts = Power [kgm/min] / 6
Watts = 1440 kgm/min / 6
Calculating the value:
Watts ≈ 240 W
Therefore, when cycling against 4 kg of resistance with a 6 m/revolution flywheel at a pedaling rate of 60rpm, the power produced is approximately 1440 kgm/min or 240 Watts.

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The combined gas law, which relates the initial and final conditions of pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas, can be used to solve this issue.

(P1V1) / (T1) equals (P2V2) / (T2) where: The initial pressure and temperature at STP are, respectively, P1 and T1 (1 atm and 273 K) The initial volume, or V1, is specified as 2 mL. P2 and T2 represent the final pressure and temperature in the new conditions, respectively, and V2 represents the volume we need to calculate. The given pressure can first be converted to atm: P2 = 460 mm Hg is equal to 460/760 atm, or 0.6053 atm. Additionally, we can change the stated temperature to Kelvin: T₂ = 193 K. Now that the values have been entered, we can solve for V2 using the combined gas law: (0.6053 atm)(V2) / (1 atm)(2 mL)/273 K (193 K), ((1 atm)(2 mL)(193 K)] = V2. / [(273 K)(0.6053 atm)] V₂ ≈ 1.14 mL. As a result, the gas's final volume under the new circumstances is roughly 1.14 mL.

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Answer:

The answer is C.

Explanation:

Sodium bromide is an ionic compound formed between the elements Br and Na. It has the chemical formula NaBr.

Sodium bromide is said to be an inorganic compound with the formula NaBr. It is a compound with high-melting white, crystalline solid that resembles sodium chloride. It is  widely used as source of the bromide ion. It is a chemical compound of sodium and bromine. It is used in veterinary medicine as an antiepileptic medication for dogs and cats.Sodium bromide is used in photography. Bromine is a halogen element having the symbol Br and the atomic number of bromine is  35. Diatomic bromine does not occur naturally. Bromine salts can be found in crustal rocks. It can be used as a hypnotic as an anticonvulsant and as a sedative.

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The activation energy for this reaction is - 55.5 kJ/mol

Calculation,

Given data,

First temperature \(T_{1}\) =  302°C = 302+273 = 575 K

Second temperature \(T_{2}\) =  508°C =  508+273 = 781 K

rate constant at  302°C = 2. 45 × \(10^{-4}\) lit/mol s

rate constant at 508°C =  0. 0965 lit/mol s.

Value of universal gas constant = 8.3145 J/k mol.

Apply Arrhenius equation,

㏒\(K_{1} /K_{2}\) = \(E_{a}/2.203R\) [1/ 575 K - 1/781 K]

㏒2. 45×\(10^{-4}\) lit/mol s/0.0965 lit/mol s = \(E_{a}\) /2.303×8.3145 J/k mol[781-575/575K×781 K]

\(E_{a}\) = - 55.5 kJ/mol

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The partial pressure of N₂ is 3.75 atm, the partial pressure of O₂ is 2.50 atm, and the partial pressure of CO₂ is 1.25 atm in the given mixture at 25 °C and a total pressure of 10.0 atm.

To calculate the partial pressure of each gas in the mixture, we can use the concept of Dalton's law of partial pressures. According to this law, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas.

First, we need to find the mole fraction of each gas in the mixture. The mole fraction of a gas is the ratio of the number of moles of that gas to the total number of moles in the mixture. We can calculate the mole fraction using the following formula:

Mole fraction (X) = Moles of gas / Total moles of all gases

For N₂:

Mole fraction of N₂ (X_N₂) = 3.00 mol / (3.00 mol + 2.00 mol + 1.00 mol) = 0.375

For O₂:

Mole fraction of O₂ (X_O₂) = 2.00 mol / (3.00 mol + 2.00 mol + 1.00 mol) = 0.250

For CO₂:

Mole fraction of CO₂ (X_CO₂) = 1.00 mol / (3.00 mol + 2.00 mol + 1.00 mol) = 0.125

Next, we can use the mole fractions to calculate the partial pressures of each gas. The partial pressure of a gas is equal to the mole fraction of that gas multiplied by the total pressure of the mixture.

Partial pressure of N₂ (P_N₂) = X_N₂ * Total pressure = 0.375 * 10.0 atm = 3.75 atm

Partial pressure of O₂ (P_O₂) = X_O₂ * Total pressure = 0.250 * 10.0 atm = 2.50 atm

Partial pressure of CO₂ (P_CO₂) = X_CO₂ * Total pressure = 0.125 * 10.0 atm = 1.25 atm

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Answer:

4.70 grams of NH4Cl is needed to prepare 350 mL of a 0.25 M ammonium chloride solution.

We need approximately 4.68 grams of NH4Cl to prepare a 0.25 M ammonium chloride solution with a volume of 350 mL.

To determine the mass of NH4Cl needed to prepare the solution, we us use the formula:

m=M x V x MM ... (i)

where,

m= mass in grams

M=molarity of solution

MM= molar mass of compound

V= volume in litres

The number of moles of NH4Cl needed can be calculated using:

  Moles = Molarity x Volume ...(ii)

  Moles = 0.25 mol/L x 0.350 L

  Moles = 0.0875 mol

Hence we can replace M x V with number of moles in equation i.

The molar mass of NH4Cl is :

  Molar mass of NH4Cl = (1 x 14.01 g/mol) + (4 x 1.01 g/mol) + (1 x 35.45 g/mol)

  Molar mass of NH4Cl = 53.49 g/mol

We have all the variables

Putting them in equation i.

Hence,

  Mass (g) = Moles x Molar mass

  Mass (g) = 0.0875 mol x 53.49 g/mol

  Mass (g) = 4.68 g

Therefore, you would need approximately 4.68 grams of NH4Cl to prepare a 0.25 M ammonium chloride solution with a volume of 350 mL.

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The angle between sulfur-bromine bonds in SBr6 is 90°.

Sulfur hexabromide(SBr6), is a chemical compound with the hybridization of one s orbital, three p orbitals, and two d orbitals.

Hence, the hybridization of the central atom i.e, Sulfur in this compound is sp3d2.

As the compound has a hybridization of sp3d2, its shape is octahedral, as shown in the adjoining image.

As it is visible from the structure of SBr6, all angles between Sulfur and bromine are equal and their value is 90°.

Thus, the angle between sulfur-bromine bonds in SBr6 is 90°.

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The empirical formula will be c4h4o2.

An empirical formula seems to be a compound's chemical formula that only specifies the ratios of the elements it contains and not the precise number as well as arrangement of its atoms. This corresponds to the compound's element with the smallest whole number ratio.

Empirical, molecular, as well as structural chemical formulas are still the three basic categories. The easiest whole-number ratio of the atoms in a compound is shown by empirical formulae, the number including each variety of atom in a molecule is shown by molecular formulas, and the bonds between the atoms in a molecule will be shown by structural formulas.

Therefore, the empirical formula will be \(C_{4} H_{4} O_{2}\).

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Ion-dipole and hydrogen bonding are the intermolecular interactions involved in the formation of a KBr solution in water.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of attractive interaction between a hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to an electronegative atom (such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine) and an electronegative atom in another molecule or ion. This bond is much stronger than a typical van der Waals interaction and results in a higher boiling and melting point for compounds that can hydrogen bond.

While H2O is a polar molecule with a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom, KBr is an ionic compound made up of K+ ions and Br- ions. The negative O- atoms of H2O and the positive K+ ions form the ion-dipole force. Hydrogen bonding occurs between the hydrogen atoms of H2O and the negative Br- ions. These pressures aid in the homogenous solution formation as KBr is dissolved in water.

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Answer:

Extensive Properties

Explanation:

A physical property that will change if the amount of matter changes. Change in which the matter's physical appearance is altered, but composition remains unchanged. Solid is distinguished by a fixed structure. Its shape and volume do not change.

Sometimes, the best thing to do in the event of a crude oil spill is to do nothing, particularly if the spill is in a remote location with limited human or wildlife exposure.

This is because any attempt to clean up the spill could potentially do more harm than good, such as disrupting fragile ecosystems or causing further damage to the environment. In these cases, it is often recommended to simply monitor the spill and let nature take its course in breaking down and absorbing the oil. However, if the spill poses a significant threat to human health or the environment, action must be taken to contain and mitigate the spill.

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a. The mass of the total ferrite form of 0.60 kg of austenite containing 1.1 wt% C, cooled to below 727°C (1341°F) is 0.013 kg.

b. The mass of the total cementite form is 0.02 kg.

c. The mass of the pearlite form is 0.57 kg.

d. The mass of the proeutectoid phase form is 0.019 kg.

a. To calculate the total amount of ferrite formed given by the mass of austenite times the mass fraction of ferrite at the austenite-ferrite phase boundary as follows:

mFerrite = wFe,α × mAustenite

Where,

The mass fraction of ferrite at the austenite-ferrite phase boundary is wFe,α = 0.022 kg/kg. Using this value and mAustenite = 0.6 kg, we get,

mFerrite = 0.022 kg/kg × 0.6 kg

= 0.0132 kg ≈ 0.013 kg

Therefore, the total amount of ferrite formed is 0.013 kg.

b. To find the total amount of cementite formed given by the mass of austenite times the mass fraction of cementite at the austenite-cementite phase boundary as follows:

mCementite = wFe3C,γ × mAustenite

Where,

The mass fraction of cementite at the austenite-cementite phase boundary is wFe3C,γ = 0.033 kg/kg. Using this value and mAustenite = 0.6 kg, we get,

mCementite = 0.033 kg/kg × 0.6 kg

= 0.0198 kg ≈ 0.02 kg

Therefore, the total amount of cementite formed is 0.02 kg.

c. The total amount of pearlite formed is the difference between the total mass of austenite and the total masses of ferrite and cementite formed.

mPearlite = mAustenite - (mFerrite + mCementite)

Substituting the values,

mPearlite = 0.6 kg - (0.013 kg + 0.02 kg)

= 0.567 kg ≈ 0.57 kg

Therefore, the total amount of pearlite formed is 0.57 kg.

d. To calculate the total amount of the proeutectoid phase formed given by the mass of austenite times the mass fraction of the proeutectoid phase as follows:

mProeutectoid = wFe3C,α × mAustenite

Where,

From the given data, the mass fraction of carbon in austenite is W2 = 1.1%. The mass fraction of cementite in austenite at any temperature is given by:

wFe3C,α = (6.67 × 10⁻⁵ × C²) + (0.000124 × C) + 0.0225 where C is the mass fraction of carbon in austenite expressed as a decimal.

Substituting the value of W2 = 0.011 in the above equation and solving for wFe3C,α , we get: wFe3C,α = 0.032 kg/kg. Using this value and mAustenite = 0.6 kg, we get,

mProeutectoid = 0.032 kg/kg × 0.6 kg

= 0.0192 kg ≈ 0.019 kg

Therefore, the total amount of the proeutectoid phase (cementite) formed is 0.019 kg.

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1. The enthalpy of reactant is 80 KJ

2. The enthalpy of product is 160 KJ

3. The activaition energy for the reaction is 160 KJ

4. The heat of reaction is 80 KJ

5. The forward reaction is endothermic

6. The addition of catalyst will lower the activation energy

7. The enthalpy of reactant is less than the enthalpy of product

8. False

9. False

10. False

The enthalpy of reactants defines the energy of the reactants while the enthalpy of products defines the energy of product.

From the diagram given, we obtained the following

The activation energy for the reaction can be obtain as follow:

Activation energy = Peak energy - Energy of reactant

Activation energy = 240 - 80

Activation energy = 160 KJ

The heat of reaction can be obtain as follow:

Heat of reaction = Enthalpy of products - Enthalpy of reactants

Heat of reaction = 160 - 80

Heat of reaction = 80 KJ

The heat of reaction obtained above is positive (i.e 80 KJ).

Thus, we can conclude that the forward reaction is endothermic reaction.

A catalyst is a substance which alters the rate of a reaction. Catalyst tends to lower the activation energy of a reaction, thereby enhacing the reaction rate.

However, we must take note of the following:

From the diagram above, we obtain:

We can see that the enthalpy of the reactant is less than that of the products.

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The medication can treat people who have the disease described. According to the commercial, the drug has FDA approval to treat a condition whose symptoms are listed.

Additionally, the narrator notes that the medication only comes with a prescription and has 1% of the active substance. We can deduce from this information that the drug can effectively treat persons who have the condition generating these symptoms, but obtaining it requires a prescription. The commercial provides no support for the other possibilities.

Therefore, the correct option is D.

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A liquid is allowed to evaporate and leaves no residue. It can not be determined whether it was an element, a compound, or a mixture.

A water vapor molecule stays roughly 10 days in the atmosphere after it has evaporated. Water vapor starts to cool back down as it ascends higher in the atmosphere. The water vapor condenses when it becomes cold enough, turning it back into liquid water. Eventually, individual water droplets will condense to create clouds and precipitation.

It is not possible to determined whether it would be an element, a compound and mixture because the size of the particle will be too less.

A method for separating homogenous mixtures with one or even more dissolved salts is called evaporation. The procedure separates the liquid from the solid components. Usually, the procedure entails heating the combination until there is no more liquid is present.

Therefore, it can not be possible to determined whether it was an element, a compound, or a mixture by evaporation.

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The final temperature of the water would be approximately 91°C after 250,000 joules of heat are added.

Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin). It is a measure of how much energy a substance can absorb without a significant change in its temperature.

The heat capacity of a substance depends on its mass and composition. Substances with more mass or more complex molecular structures generally have higher heat capacities, meaning they require more energy to increase their temperature than substances with less mass or simpler molecular structures.

To solve this problem, we can use the specific heat capacity formula:

Q = m * c * ΔT

where Q is the amount of heat transferred, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity of the substance, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

We can rearrange this formula to solve for ΔT:

ΔT = Q / (m * c)

We are given the mass of the water (m = 785 g), the amount of heat added (Q = 250,000 J), and the specific heat capacity of water (c = 4.184 J/g°C).

Substituting these values into the equation, we get:

ΔT = 250,000 J / (785 g * 4.184 J/g°C)

ΔT ≈ 75.4°C

Therefore, the final temperature of the water would be:

15.0°C + 75.4°C = 91 °C

So the final temperature of the water would be approximately 91 °C after 250,000 joules of heat are added.

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Answer:

NH3 is the molecular formula of ammonia

Explanation:

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