in making a dihybrid cross what phenomena might prevent any double recessive mutatnts from appearing in the f2
Answers
In a dihybrid cross, the phenomenon of incomplete dominance and the phenomenon of epistasis can both prevent any double recessive mutants from appearing in the F2 generation. In incomplete dominance, neither allele is dominant, resulting in an intermediate phenotype. With epistasis, the effects of one gene are modified by one or more other genes. In both cases, the effects of the double recessive genotype may be masked, thus preventing it from appearing in the F2 generation.
Dihybrid Cross
In making a dihybrid cross, the phenomena that might prevent any double recessive mutants from appearing in the F2 generation are linkage and incomplete dominance.
Linkage is when two genes are located close together on the same chromosome and therefore tend to be inherited together. This can prevent the double recessive mutants from appearing in the F2 generation because the two genes are not able to independently assort during meiosis.
Incomplete dominance is when the dominant allele does not completely mask the recessive allele, resulting in a phenotype that is intermediate between the two. This can prevent the double recessive mutants from appearing in the F2 generation because the recessive alleles are not completely masked by the dominant alleles.
Both of these phenomena can prevent the double recessive mutants from appearing in the F2 generation and can therefore affect the outcome of a dihybrid cross. It is important to take these factors into consideration when analyzing the results of a dihybrid cross.
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Related Questions
Answer the following: 1. Describe the common tissues found in the organs of the intestinal tract.
2. Describe the common tissues and structures found in accessory organs
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1. Common tissues found in the organs of the intestinal tract There are more than 100 million neurons in the small and large intestines of the gastrointestinal tract, which interact to control digestion, secretion, and absorption.
The walls of the intestinal tract contain four layers of tissue, as well as a mucous membrane that lines the internal surface of the organ. The four layers of tissue are:Epithelium: This layer lines the inner surface of the intestinal tract and is responsible for nutrient absorption and secretion. Connector tissue: The connective tissue layer contains the blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that nourish and support the organ's other tissues.Muscularis: The muscularis layer is made up of smooth muscle cells that are responsible for the peristaltic movements that propel food through
the intestinal tract. In the small intestine, these movements help to mix the food with the digestive juices.Serosa: The serosa layer covers the organ's external surface and secretes a lubricating fluid that allows the intestinal tract to move freely within the abdominal cavity.2. Common tissues and structures found in accessory organs Accessory organs are the organs that assist in the digestive process but are not part of the gastrointestinal tract. These organs include the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.
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structures in organisms that used oxygen well were
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Organisms possess specialized structures for efficient oxygen utilization. Gills in aquatic organisms, lungs in terrestrial vertebrates, and tracheal systems in insects enable oxygen exchange. Birds have lungs and air sacs for efficient respiration. Hemoglobin in red blood cells transports oxygen. These adaptations optimize oxygen utilization for survival.
Structures in organisms that are well-adapted for efficient oxygen utilization include:
Gills: Gills are respiratory organs found in aquatic organisms such as fish. They have a large surface area and are composed of thin filaments or plates with numerous blood vessels. Gills allow for efficient extraction of oxygen from water by facilitating the exchange of gases.Lungs: Lungs are respiratory organs found in terrestrial vertebrates, including mammals, birds, and reptiles. Lungs consist of a complex network of bronchial tubes and millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli. The large surface area and the thin walls of the alveoli facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the bloodstream.Tracheal System: Insects have a network of tubes called tracheae that deliver oxygen directly to cells. The tracheal system enables efficient oxygen transport throughout the body, allowing insects to have a high metabolic rate and perform activities such as flying.Spiracles: Spiracles are small openings found on the surface of some insects. They allow for the exchange of gases between the external environment and the tracheal system. By opening and closing the spiracles, insects can control the flow of air and regulate oxygen uptake.Lungs and Air Sacs (in birds): Birds have a unique respiratory system that includes both lungs and air sacs. Air sacs act as bellows, ensuring a unidirectional flow of air through the lungs, allowing for efficient oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal. This adaptation is particularly important for the high metabolic demands of flying.Hemoglobin: Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen molecules. Its structure enables efficient oxygen transport in the bloodstream, ensuring oxygen is effectively delivered to tissues throughout the body.These structures and adaptations are examples of how organisms have evolved to maximize their oxygen utilization, allowing them to thrive in their respective environments.
What affect do enzymes have on chemical reactions?
Answers
Answer:
Increases reaction rate by lowring its activation energy.
Explanation:
i.e If the chemical reaction completes in 5 hours it means that reaction's activation energy is very high.This factor causes decrease in rate of reaction so to increase reaction rate and to decrease activation energy enzymes or catalyst are added so now reaction will be completed in half hour.This is the importance of enzymes/catalysts.Enzyme and catalyst cann't start reaction but they increase rate of reaction and decrease time to reach equillibrium.
All the following actions will help prevent injury when operating equipment on a farm EXCEPT
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Others seem to be basic injury prevention activities
Help this is due in an hour
Answers
Answer:
Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and store chemical energy
Explanation:
The chloroplasts capture sunlight and store energy
How are traces of ancient phytoplankton used to determine cooler and warmer water temperatures?
A. Chemical traces of phytoplankton that remain after millions of years are analyzed for data indicating water temperatures.
B. Climatologists analyze how much photosynthesis occurred after millions of years as an indicator of warmer water.
C. Large numbers of phytoplankton in fossil records after millions of years indicate warmer waters.
D. Fossil records indicate different species of phytoplankton prefer warm water to those that prefer colder water.
Answers
Answer:
c
Explanation:
i think
Answer:
A. Chemical traces of phytoplankton that remain after millions of years are analyzed for data indicating water temperatures.
amino acids in a protein polymer are connected by a covalent bond called a [ select ] bond that connect the [ select ] group of the first amino acid to the [ select ] group of the second amino acid. such successive amino acid bondings generate a protein polymer called a [ select ] .
Answers
The amino acids in a protein polymer are connected by a covalent bond called a peptide bond that connects the carboxyl group of the first amino acid to the amino group of the second amino acid. Such successive amino acid bondings generate a protein polymer called a polypeptide.
A peptide bond is formed through a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid. This bond results in the formation of a covalent linkage between the carbon and nitrogen atoms of the amino acids, creating a peptide bond. The successive formation of peptide bonds between amino acids leads to the generation of a polypeptide chain, which is the primary structure of a protein.
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hierarchical detection of diverse clade ii (atypical) nosz genes using new primer sets for classical- and multiplex pcr array applications
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Hierarchical detection of diverse clade II (atypical) NosZ genes using new primer sets for classical- and multiplex PCR array applications refers to a methodology for identifying and detecting specific genes called NosZ within the clade II (atypical) group.
This detection method utilizes primer sets designed for classical PCR and multiplex PCR array applications.
Here's an overview of the process involved in hierarchical detection of diverse clade II (atypical) NosZ genes using the new primer sets:
Primer Design: Specific primer sets are designed to target and amplify the NosZ genes within the clade II (atypical) group. These primer sets are designed to be used in classical PCR and multiplex PCR array applications.
DNA Extraction: The DNA containing the target genes is extracted from the sample of interest. The sample could be environmental samples, bacterial cultures, or any other source suspected to contain the clade II (atypical) NosZ genes.
PCR Amplification: Classical PCR is performed using the designed primer sets. The PCR reaction mix includes the extracted DNA, primers, DNA polymerase, and nucleotides. The PCR conditions are optimized to amplify the target NosZ genes selectively.
Gel Electrophoresis: The PCR products are separated and visualized using gel electrophoresis. This step helps determine if the target genes are present in the sample by observing the presence of specific-sized bands corresponding to the amplified NosZ genes.
Multiplex PCR Array: If desired, the PCR can be performed as a multiplex PCR array. Multiplex PCR allows the amplification of multiple target genes simultaneously in a single reaction. In this case, multiple primer sets for different clade II (atypical) NosZ genes can be included in the PCR array.
Analysis: The PCR products or arrays are analyzed using appropriate techniques. This could involve sequencing the amplified DNA to confirm the presence and identity of the clade II (atypical) NosZ genes.
The hierarchical detection approach allows for the specific identification and detection of diverse clade II (atypical) NosZ genes using the newly designed primer sets. It provides a systematic method to screen samples for the presence of these genes and can be utilized in various research fields such as environmental microbiology and microbial ecology.
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16. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the following correctly indicates the order in which these events occur?
a. "A" "B," "C, “D”
b. "C" “B” “A,” “D”
c. "B," "A," "C" “D”
d. “A,” “C," "B." "D"
Answers
Answer:
b. "C" “B” “A,” “D”
Explanation:
C is prophase because the nuclear envelope starts to disappear and the centrosomes divide
B is metaphase because chromosomes line up to form the equatorial plate
A is anaphase because the sister chromatids are separated
D is telophase because new nuclei form around the separated genetic material
bacterial dna containing an operon encoding three enzymes is introduced into chromosomal dna in yeast (a eukaryote) in such a way that it is properly flanked by a promoter and a transcriptional terminator. the bacterial dna is transcribed and the rna correctly processed, but only the protein nearest the promoter is produced. why?
Answers
The RNA transcript from the bacterial DNA will be capped at the 5′ end after normal eukaryotic processing. The translation initiation complex will form at the 5′ cap and travel along the mRNA until it reaches the first AUG codon, at which point translation will start.
The polypeptide is released when one of the termination codons is encountered. Because the Shine-Dalgarno sequences that come before them are not recognized by the eukaryotic translational machinery, translation of the downstream polypeptides cannot occur.
The bacterial chromosome is a single circular molecule that houses all of the DNA for the majority of bacteria. The chromosome joins a number of proteins and RNA molecules to form the nucleoid, an amorphous structure. This is located in the bacterial cell's cytoplasm.
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which part of a normal human neuron gets twisted together to form a neurofibrillary tangle
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The part of a normal human neuron that gets twisted together to form a neurofibrillary tangle is the tau protein.
A neurofibrillary tangle is a twisted structure that develops inside the brain's nerve cells, mostly in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Tau is a protein that forms fibers in nerve cells, and these fibers entwine themselves into a tangled mass.
These tangles of fibers appear to disrupt the cell's normal functioning, and they may play a role in the death of brain cells seen in Alzheimer's disease.The tau protein is responsible for the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. When this protein is abnormal, it develops into tangled filaments known as neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
These tangles disrupt the normal functioning of the neurons, causing them to malfunction. It is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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7. Compare and contrast the way carbon is used in respiration and photosynthesis.
8. How does carbon get into the ocean?
PLEASE HELP ME I AM A LONELY WEEBO AND THE ONLY THING THAT WOULD MAKE ME HAPPY IS IF SOMEONE GAVE ME THE ANSWERS TO THIS SH!aTt
Answers
Answer: 7. Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. The glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. ... While photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, cellular respiration requires oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. 8. Carbon gets incorporated into marine organisms as organic matter or structural calcium carbonate. When organisms die, their dead cells, shells and other parts sink into deep water. Decay releases carbon dioxide into this deep water. brainliest?
Explanation:
How does paraffin move up the wick
Answers
Answer:
The wick absorbs the liquid wax and pulls it upward. The heat of the flame vaporizes the wax, and it is the wax vapor that burns. ... It continues to form as long as the wick is hot enough to vaporize paraffin. If you touch a lit match to the stream, a flame will run down it and re-light the wick.
Answer:
through capillary action
Can someone help me with this question pls (8th grade science)
Answers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The exerpt states that movements in the Earth's crust (unbalance) causes Earthquakes. When it's balanced, there is no plate movement.
Answer: c
Explanation: if there is no plate movement that means that there is a balanced force there is nothing that is disrupting it. but if there's an earthquake in that means that there are unbalanced forces in that they cause an earthquake. a force is balanced if the two individual forces are of equal magnitude and of the opposite direction. And an object is said to be acted upon by an unbalanced force when there is an individual force that is not being balanced by a force of equal magnitude and in the opposite direction.
Select the correct statement concerning the location of blood-forming tissue. a. there is blood-forming marrow in the diaphysis of adult long bones.
b. blood-forming tissue is found in the skull and pelvic bones only.
c. the sternum, and proximal epiphysis of femur are good sources.
Answers
The correct statement concerning the location of blood-forming tissue is c. the sternum and proximal epiphysis of femur are good sources.
The sternum and proximal epiphysis of femur are considered good sources of blood-forming tissue. In adult human beings, red bone marrow is found in the bones of the axial skeleton and the girdles. It produces all of the red blood cells, most white blood cells, and platelets in the body. Blood-forming marrow is primarily found in the bones of the skull, pelvis, sternum, ribs, and scapulae, as well as the epiphyses of long bones such as the humerus and femur.
Red bone marrow contains the hematopoietic stem cells, which are responsible for creating all of the red and white blood cells and platelets that are present in the body. These stem cells mature into various types of blood cells under the influence of growth factors and other chemicals.
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Peptide growth factors act through which of the following types of signal receptors? G protein-coupled receptors O ligand-gated ion channels O receptor tyrosine kinases intracellular receptors
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Peptide growth factors act through receptor tyrosine kinases types of signal receptors. Peptide growth factors are substances that control cell growth and differentiation in multicellular organisms.
Peptide growth factors stimulate cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as the synthesis of extracellular matrix components, and are essential for the growth and maintenance of normal tissues. Increased cellular proliferation, a fundamental feature of cancer, has been linked to increased peptide growth factor synthesis and release by the host. Peptide growth factor receptors are a vital component of the intracellular signaling systems that control gene expression and cell behavior in response to various extracellular stimuli. Receptor tyrosine kinases have intracellular tyrosine kinase activity, which is activated when peptide growth factors bind to the extracellular domain of the receptor.
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two differences between a red blood cell and a typical animal cell?
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Can someone please help me with this
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DNA replication process is the event during which the molecule duplicates. It occurs in the interphase and involved different enzymes, a DNA molecule, and free nucleotides. Image attached.
Whatis DNA replication?DNA replication is the process through which DNI molecule duplicates. This event takes place during the S stage of the interphase. So when the cell divides during mitosis or meiosis, each cell will get a complete set of chromosomes.
DNI replication is semi-conservative because each new molecule carries an original DNI strand and a new one. The fact that the new molecule is composed of an original strand makes it semi-conservative. The old existing strands are used to synthesize the new complementary strand.
The origin of the replication requires helicase enzymes to break hydrogen bonds and separate the two original strands. The topoisomerase enzyme is necessary to release tension. Other proteins are also needed to join the strains and keep them separated.
Once the molecule is opened, there is a region named replication forks. DNA polymerase makes the new nucleotides enter into the fork and pairs them with the corresponding nucleotide of the original strand. Adenine pairs timine, and cytosine pairs guanine.
DNA strands are antiparallel, and replication occurs only in 5'-3' direction. So one of the strands will replicate continuously, while the other strain will be formed by short fragments known as Okazaki fragments.
Primers are needed to make the DNA polymerase work. Primers are small units of RNA and are placed at the beginning of each new fragment.
You will find the labelled Image in the attached files.
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For humans, having freckles is a dominant trait (see image). Not having freckles is recessive.Cross a heterozygous person with freckles with a homozygous recessive person with no freckles.What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?
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Let us represent the heterozygous with freckles by Ff and the homozygous with no freckles by ff. Thus, we construct the following Punnet square:
From this punnet square we see that:
50% of the offspring will be heterozygous with freckles (Ff).
50% of the offspring will be homozygous with no freckles (ff).
please someone do this, i hate biology :(
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Answer:
C - Natural selection is causing larger bird beaks.
E - Because the seed hardness has increased the birds need bigger beaks to crack them.
R - This means the birds with larger beaks are not able to crack the seeds, this causes starvation and the birds that have small beaks die as a result. However, birds with larger beaks are able to crack the seeds and eat. Those birds can then reproduce and produce more birds with larger beaks. So the population of large bird beaks has increased, but the population of small bird beaks has decreased.
Which of Mendel's laws BEST explains why
genetic variations occur in offspring resulting
from sexual reproduction?
A law of segregation
B law of dominance
C law of independent assortment
D law of crossing-over
Answers
A law of segregation of Mendel's laws BEST explains why genetic variations occur in offspring resulting from reproduction
What is explained by Mendel's law of segregation?According to the rule of segregation, each diploid individual has two alleles (copies) for a certain attribute. A diploid organism is created when each parent randomly assigns one allele to each of their kids. The phenotype of the child is determined by the allele carrying the dominant characteristic.
Offspring through sexual reproduction might have a very diverse genetic makeup. This variety results from random gamete union during fertilisation as well as independent assortment and crossing-over during meiosis.
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True or False. Biological polymers such as DNA and protein are polymers that contain
IDENTICALLY repeating monomers *
(1 Point)
False
True
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Answer:
false
Explanation:
i took a test good luck
The noble gases in group 18 were some of the last natural elements to be discovered. Why do you think this is so?
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Answer:
because they were extremely un-reactive. Being inert, they were difficult to isolate via chemical reactions, thus difficult to distinguish as separate elements
Explanation:
The noble gases of group 18 were the last to be discovered because they are highly unreactive or inert.
Noble gases refer to elements in group 18. These elements are renowned for being inert.
As a result of their inertness and because they are all gases, they are sometimes called "inert gases".
This chemical inertness made it difficult to discover these elements until lately. Many natural elements were discovered because they participate in chemical reactions. Hence, inert gases became the last natural elements to be discovered.
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Which of the following is the basic unit of life? (5 points)
A. Cell
B. Element
C. Nucleus
D. Seed
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Answer:A
Explanation: The cell is the basic unit of life because it creates life.
A. Cell is the answer!
I have a great day/night :D
Can someone help me with this. If you do nabot know then skip this. NO LINKS
Answers
Answer:
for part a it would be mechanical
for part b it would be warm
Explanation:
when you rub your hands together, it is mechanical energy and your hands become warm
hope this helps
A teacher performs a demonstration of cellular transport by placing a raisin in pure water. After 24 hours, the students check the raisin and find that it has swollen and has a greater mass than before it was placed in the water.
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Answer:
Explanation: it will swell after 24 hrs
que sistemas artificiales utiliza el hombre para recoger agua que sistemas existen de forma natural
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Answer:
Haciendo almacenamiento y excavación en un área grande, mientras que los estanques son los sistemas utilizados para recolectar agua.
Explicación:
El sistema artificial que el hombre usa para recolectar agua es la construcción de un gran almacenamiento de concreto y la excavación de un gran terreno que recolecta agua de lluvia y puede ser utilizado por la gente para su uso diario, mientras que por otro lado, los estanques son el sistema natural donde el agua del la lluvia se acumula naturalmente. Esta agua es utilizada por la población que vive alrededor de ese estanque. Ambos sistemas proporcionan agua para el uso diario, como lavar, beber y cocinar, etc.
hi i really need help on this
Answers
Answer: Help is Here!
Explanation:
Once every 24 hours Earth fully with us on it. When we are on the side of Earth that is facing the Sun, we have daylight from the sun. As Earth continues its spin, we are moved away from our Sun, and we have night time because there is no more light from the sun (on our side).
Eukaryotic cells can be specialized for specific tasks in multicellular organisms
true
false
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describe one feature of the racing pigeon, that enables it to fly at high speed
Answers
Answer:
the presence of hollow bones
Explanation:
hollow hollow bones are one of the adaptive features in birds which enables them to fly.