if a molecule has bond angles of 109.5° between the atoms, what type of hybrid orbitals are on the central atom in the molecule? group of answer choicesa. spb. sp^2c. sp3

Answer:

carcinogen

Explanation:

cigarette smoke and UV radiation both of the capability to cause cancer cells in living tissue, meaning they can both be classed as carcinogens

Answer:

Explanation:

Water is a liquid at room temperature due to its relatively low vapor pressure and high thermal stability.

Water molecules have a combination of hydrogen bonds and dipole-dipole interactions, which result in a moderate level of intermolecular attractive forces. These attractive forces allow water to remain in a liquid state at room temperature, as the energy required to overcome these forces and convert water into a gas (vaporization) is relatively high.

Additionally, water has a high heat capacity, which means that it can absorb a lot of heat energy without undergoing significant temperature changes. This high heat capacity allows water to maintain a stable liquid state over a wide range of temperatures.

Overall, the combination of moderate intermolecular forces and high thermal stability is what makes water a liquid at room temperature.

Answer:  There are 3.3×1023atoms in 0.54 moles Pb. Explanation: To calculate the number of atoms in Pb, we use Avogadro's number,

Explanation:

Answer:

salt dissolving in water is usually considered to be a physical change, however the chemical species in salt solution (hydrated sodium and chlorine ions) are different from the species in solid salt.

Answer: Ionic bonding

Explanation:

metal + non metal = ionic bond

Sodium = metal

Bromine = nonmetal

The number of Fe(II) ions in 20.0 g of FeSO4 is 1.32 x 10^23 ions. The number of Fe(II) ions is 0.1317 mol.

To calculate the number of Fe(II) ions, we need to use the molar mass of FeSO4 and Avogadro's number.
1. Calculate the moles of FeSO4 by dividing the given mass by the molar mass:
  moles = mass / molar mass = 20.0 g / 151.9 g/mol = 0.1317 mol
2. Since there is one Fe(II) ion per FeSO4 molecule, the number of Fe(II) ions is equal to the number of moles of FeSO4.
  Therefore, the number of Fe(II) ions is 0.1317 mol.

3. Convert moles to number of particles using Avogadro's number:
  number of particles = moles x Avogadro's number = 0.1317 mol x (6.0225 x 10^23 particles/mol) = 7.93 x 10^22 particles.
4. However, each FeSO4 molecule contains one Fe(II) ion, so the number of Fe(II) ions is the same as the number of particles calculated in step 3.
  Therefore, there are 1.32 x 10^23 Fe(II) ions in 20.0 g of FeSO4.

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Answer:

45

Explanation:

\(m_1\) = First sample mass of water = \(75\ \text{g}\)

\(\Delta T_1\) = Change in temperature of the first sample of water = \(25-T\)

\(m_2\) = First sample mass of water = \(100\ \text{g}\)

\(\Delta T_1\) = Change in temperature of the first sample of water = \(T-60\)

\(T\) = Final temperature of the mixture

\(c\) = Specific heat of water

Heat lost by water will be equal to the heat gained so we get

\(m_1c\Delta T_1=m_2c\Delta T_2\\\Rightarrow 75(25-T)=100(T-60)\\\Rightarrow 0.75(25-T)=T-60\\\Rightarrow 18.75-0.75T=T-60\\\Rightarrow 18.75+60=T+0.75T\\\Rightarrow 78.75=1.75T\\\Rightarrow T=\dfrac{78.75}{1.75}\\\Rightarrow T=45\ ^{\circ}\text{C}\)

The final temperature of the water is 45.

In a paper chromatography experiment, a pigment sample separates into two components, X and Y, on a moderately polar paper surface.

Paper chromatography is a technique used to separate and identify components of a mixture based on their different affinities to a stationary phase (paper) and a mobile phase (solvent). In this experiment, the pigment sample is applied to the paper, and as the solvent moves up the paper, it carries the pigment components with it.

The fact that the paper surface is moderately polar means that it has some polarity but not as much as a highly polar surface. Polar substances have an affinity for polar surfaces, so the moderately polar paper allows for some separation of the pigment sample into its components, X and Y.

Components X and Y likely have different polarities or interact differently with the paper's surface. One component might have a higher affinity for the paper's polarity, causing it to interact more strongly and move slower, while the other component with a lower affinity would move faster up the paper. This differential interaction results in the separation of the pigment sample into distinct components as they travel along the paper's surface.

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Yes, an electron cause an electromagnetic wave to vibrate.

One of the waves is propagated by simultaneous periodic variations of electric and magnetic field intensity and that includes radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.

Electromagnetic waves are produced when something vibrates—an electric charge that moves back and forth.

When an electric charge vibrates, the electric field around it changes. Because the electric charge is in motion, it also has a magnetic field around it.

This magnetic field also changes as the charge vibrates.

Therefore, an electron causes an electromagnetic wave to vibrate.

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Absorption of CO2 by vegetation is limited to land surface is true.

At the moment, land ecosystems are essential for reducing climate change. Less carbon dioxide (CO 2) is retained in the atmosphere, where it can raise temperatures, the more carbon dioxide (CO 2) plants and trees absorb during photosynthesis, the process they employ to generate food. But scientists have discovered a worrying trend: 86% of land ecosystems worldwide are growing less effective at absorbing CO2 as CO2 levels in the atmosphere rise.

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Answer:

Temperature, mass, and the type of material are factors that affect the thermal energy of an object.

Material with the higher specific heat will have more thermal energy than material with lower specific heat if they both have the same mass and temperature.

The thermal energy within the thing increases if the temperature remains constant but the object's mass rises.

If two materials have the same mass and temperature, the material with the greater specific heat will have more thermal energy than the material with the lower specific heat.

How does thermal energy transfer depend on the kind of material?

The speed at which thermal energy moves from one end of a substance to another determines thermal conductivity. Insulators transport thermal energy slowly while conductors transfer thermal energy quickly.

The thermal energy within the thing increases if the temperature remains constant but the object's mass rises.

Conduction, convection, or radiation are all ways that thermal energy can be moved from one location to another.

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The correct answer is option D.

Among the trace minerals, iron is the mineral that is found in highest concentrations in the body.

In human body, there are 21 trace minerals that are expected to be present including copper, zinc, iron cobalt, manganese, and fluoride.

The function of each trace mineral varies and they play huge role in the growth and development process.

For proper functioning of human body, only small quantities of these minerals are required. Among 21 minerals, iron is found in huge quantities.

Certain foods are rich sources of these minerals. However, deficiency or excess of these minerals can lead to serious health issues.

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Ethylene oxide is sporicidal. Option A is correct option.

Ethylene oxide is defined as the cyclic ether or the simplest epoxide compound. It contains a ring structure consist of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. It is a colourless gas having fruity odour. Ethylene oxide is highly flammable and reactive and hence exposure which may result in lung injury or in respiratory irritation.

Ethylene oxide is a potent sterilant which can kill all life forms and having high sporicidal activity due to its property of high penetrating effects. It is also convenient to use and also effective at room temperature. Therefore, it is mostly used in hospitals to sterilize surgical equipment, instruments, and in disposable medical devices which are sensitive to heat and moisture.

Thus we concluded that ethylene oxide is sporicidal due to its property of high penetrating effects. Therefore, option A is correct option.

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Answer:

B, C

Explanation:

Hope it helps i read it all

When, one mole of gas has been removed and the disorder of the system has decreased, the entropy of the gas has decreased.

If one mole of H₂ gas is removed from the rigid 2L vessel containing 2 moles of H₂ gas at constant temperature, the entropy of the gas in the vessel will decrease.

This is because entropy is a measure of the degree of randomness or disorder in a system, and removing one mole of H₂ gas from the vessel will decrease the number of gas molecules and therefore decrease the disorder of the system.

When the volume of the container is held constant, the change in entropy is directly proportional to the change in the number of moles of gas;

\(Δ_{S}\) = nRln(V₂/V₁)

where \(Δ_{S}\) is change in entropy, n is number of moles of gas, R is gas constant, and V₁ and V₂ are the initial and final volumes of the gas, respectively.

In this case, the initial and final volumes of the gas are the same, since the container is rigid, so V₂/V₁ = 1. Therefore, the change in entropy is;

\(Δ_{S}\) = nRln(1) = 0

Since the change in entropy is zero, this means that the entropy of the gas has not increased, but rather has remained the same or decreased. In this case, since one mole of gas has been removed and the disorder of the system has decreased, the entropy of the gas has decreased.

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Answer: .5m

Explanation:

A pair of shared valence electrons is referred to as a bond.

In chemical bonding, atoms can share electrons to form covalent bonds. A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share a pair of valence electrons. These shared electrons are responsible for holding the atoms together in a stable arrangement. Each atom contributes one electron to the shared pair, creating a mutual attraction and forming a bond between the atoms. The sharing of electrons allows both atoms to achieve a more stable electron configuration, usually by filling their outermost energy levels. This bond is crucial for the formation of molecules and compounds. The strength and nature of the bond depend on factors such as the types of atoms involved, their electronegativities, and the arrangement of the shared electrons.

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The  standard enthalpies of formation for the  ΔH∘rxn for the following  is shown below:

. ΔH∘rxn for C2H4(g)+H2(g)→C2H6(g) = -32.4 kJ/mol

ΔH∘rxn for CO(g)+H2O(g)→H2(g)+CO2(g) = 295 kJ/mol

ΔH∘rxn for C6H12O6(s)+6O2(g)→6CO2(g)+6H2O(g) = -2880 kJ/mol

-84.7 kJ/mol - ( -52.3 kJ/mol) - (0 kJ/mol) = -32.4 kJ/mol

The standard enthalpy of formation of a substance is described as the enthalpy change that occurs when 1 mole of the substance is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states.

ΔH∘f (H2) + ΔH∘f (CO2) - ΔH∘f (CO) - ΔH∘f (H2O) =

0 kJ/mol + (-393.5 kJ/mol) - ( -110.5 kJ/mol) - (-241.8 kJ/mol) = -295 kJ/mol

6 ΔH∘f (CO2) + 6 ΔH∘f (H2O) - ΔH∘f (C6H12O6) - 6 ΔH∘f (O2)

= 6 (-393.5 kJ/mol) + 6 (-241.8 kJ/mol) - (-1272 kJ/mol) - 6 (0 kJ/mol) = -2880 kJ/mol

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Answer:

specular reflection reflects all light which arrives from a given direction at the same angles where diffus reflection reflects light in a broad range of direction

Answer:

\(\Delta T=16.73\°C\)

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, given the mass and energy absorbed by water, it is possible to use the following equation in order to calculate the temperature change according to waters specific heat too (4.184 J/g°C):

\(Q=mC\Delta T\)

Therefore, solving for the temperature change we have:

\(\Delta T=\frac{Q}{mC}=\frac{700J}{10g*4.184\frac{J}{g\°C} } \\\\\Delta T=16.73\°C\)

Which means that the temperature of water increases by 16.73 °C.

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To calculate the hydroxide ion concentration, \([OH^{-}]\), in a solution of 0.043 M HBr, we need to consider the dissociation of HBr and the stoichiometry of the reaction. Being a strong acid, the final concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution would be negligible or approximately zero.

HBr is a strong acid that completely dissociates in water to form H⁺ and Br⁻ ions. Since it is a strong acid, we can assume that the concentration of H⁺ ions is equal to the concentration of HBr, which is 0.043 M in this case.

To find the hydroxide ion concentration, we can apply the concept of the ion product of water (\(k_{w}\)) and the fact that water is neutral (pH = 7). The product of the hydrogen ion concentration ([H⁺]) and the hydroxide ion concentration ([OH⁻]) is equal to Kw, which is 1.0 x \(10^{-14}\) at 25°C.

Since the solution contains HBr, which is an acid, the hydroxide ion concentration will be very low. In this case, we can assume that the concentration of OH⁻ is negligible compared to \(k_{w}\). Therefore, we can approximate the hydroxide ion concentration as 1.0 x \(10^{-14}\) M.

In summary, the hydroxide ion concentration, [OH⁻], in a 0.043 M HBr solution can be considered negligible or approximately zero.

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Answer:

covalent bond is shown in this diagram.

Answer:

2Na2O2 + 2H2O → 4NaOH + O2 is the balanced ver of Na2O2 + H2O - NaOH + O2

Explanation:

The image that is shown is the gain of two electrons by the oxygen atom.

We have to note that when we talk about the term "ion" we are talking about such a specie that can be formed by the loss or gain of electrons. Thus an ion is positive if it formed by the loss of electrons and the ion is negative if it is formed by the gain of electrons.

In the case of the image that we have here, we can see that there is again of two electrons by the oxygen atom and this is how we form the oxygen ion that has ten electrons and eight protons.

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The portion of energy from the Sun that reaches the Earth​ is known as

electromagnetic spectrum.

Energy transfer from objects in space such as the Sun usually reach the

earth through the process known as radiation. The energy is referred to as

electromagnetic energy.

Components of the electromagnetic spectrum are:

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580.47 Kelvin

Gas stored in a tank at 273 K has a pressure of 388 kPa. The safe limit for pressure is 825 kPa.

temperature will the gas reach this pressure =

as per above statement, we have got

p1 = 388 kPa                     P2 =  825 kPa

T1 = 273 K                         T2 =

as per ideal gas equation PV = nRT

since n, V , R is constant , so we ignore them,

now equation will become

P1/T1 = P2T2

now putting the values

388/273 = 825/T2

T2 = 825 * 273 ÷ 388

T2 = 224,225/388

T2 = 580.47 Kelvin

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The AHvap, or enthalpy of vaporization, is a thermodynamic property of a substance that describes the amount of energy required to vaporize one mole of the substance at a constant temperature.

It is typically expressed in units of kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).

To calculate the mass of liquid boiled by 1 kJ of energy, we can use the following equation:

mass of liquid = 1 kJ x (1/AHvap) x (mol/g liquid)

This equation takes into account the enthalpy of vaporization of the liquid, as well as the molar mass and density of the liquid, which are used to convert from moles to grams.

Option A correctly represents this equation, where 1/AHvap is used to convert from kJ/mol to kJ/g, and mol/g liquid is used to convert from moles to grams.

Option B is incorrect because it uses g/mol instead of mol/g, which would result in an incorrect unit for the mass of liquid. Option C is incorrect because it uses AHvap instead of 1/AHvap, which would result in an incorrect unit for the final answer. Option D is incorrect because it multiplies 1 kJ and AHvap without taking into account the units of each value.

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The naming of compound can be obtained by following the IUPAC principle. This is shown below:

For the 1st diagram:

Thus, the IUPAC name for the compound is: 3,3-dimethylpentane

For the 2nd diagram:

Thus, the IUPAC name for the compound is: pentene

For the 3rd diagram:

Thus, the IUPAC name for the compound is: 2,2,3-trimethylhexane

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