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Which of the following provides evidence of a common ancestor? *

1.Insects and birds both have wings.?
2.Whales and wolves share a similar anatomy.?
3.Dogs and kangaroos both care for their young.?
4.Mosquito larvae and shrimp both live in water.?

The two methods that allow fish to maintain water balance in saltwater are pumping out salt through the gills and absorbing water into the body by osmosis.

In saltwater, the concentration of dissolved salts is higher in the surrounding water than in the fish's body cells. To maintain water balance, fish have developed two main methods:

1. Pumping out salt through the gills: Fish possess specialized cells in their gills that actively pump out excess salts from their bodies. This process helps maintain a lower salt concentration within the fish's body, preventing dehydration and maintaining water balance.

2. Absorbing water into the body by osmosis: Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. Fish have a protective layer of skin that allows water to be absorbed into their bodies while preventing the entry of excessive salts.

By absorbing water through their skin, fish replenish the water lost to the surrounding saltwater, helping to maintain their internal water balance.

These two mechanisms work together to enable fish to survive in saltwater environments. By actively pumping out salts and absorbing water, fish can regulate their internal salt concentration and prevent dehydration, ensuring their overall water balance is maintained.

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Answer:

In animal field studies, why do scientists usually try to work without making the animals aware that the humans are present? It is necessary to observe the animals without disturbing them. When a controlled experiment is not possible, why do scientists try to identify as many relevant variables as possible?

Answer:

Climate change is making British birds lay their eggs earlier in the year, according to a major survey of how common species are changing their behavior to cope with warmer temperatures. so to combat it they basically lay eggs when it does not effect the eggs.

Explanation:

Answer:

B) Nearly every amino acid in the protein will change after the deletion of a base.

Answer: 1. All organisms are made of cells

Cells are the smallest unit of life. Each cell is a membrane of semi-permeable phospholipids wrapped around cytosol or a solution of water and dissolved solutes. All cells rely on DNA to hold the information necessary to produce the molecules they use to obtain energy. Although the methods for obtaining energy vary widely, all organism obtain energy to grow and reproduce. This first tenet of the cell theory is mostly true, but the discovery of viruses lead to complications. Viruses, while they use DNA or RNA to reproduce, do not have cells or cellular membranes. Viruses typically use a host cell to replicate. In this case, the virus appears to be living, but does not create its own cell. Some scientist argue that viruses are not living, thus cell theory is not violated.

2. Cells are the most fundamental unit of life

Organisms can be single cells, which hold all of the components necessary for a metabolism, or they can be more complex. More complex organisms divide the various metabolic tasks into different groups of cells, called tissues. These tissues are arranged in compartments with membranes that separate them from other tissues. These groups of tissues are called organs. A group of organs functioning together is an organism, or an individual creature. Each cell is distinct from the cells next to it, and each functions independently, while contributing to the output of the organism as a whole. Again, modern cell theory is a bit more complicated because advances in science have revealed many different organelles within cells. These organelles are bound in membranes themselves, and serve different functions for eukaryotic cells. Some scientists argue that these are more fundamental units, but other scientists argue that like an organ outside of an organism, they could not function without the cell.

3. Cells come from other cells

As far as we know, no cell on Earth currently has arisen spontaneously. All cells are the result of cell division. When a cell is large enough, it replicates its DNA and important components. These components can then be divided into two daughter cells, which are copies of each other. Variations in the DNA in each cell can lead to changes in how they function, which can result in them dividing at different rates. The cell that reproduces more than the other cell will pass on more of its DNA. The purpose of every cell or organism is to reproduce the DNA in cells.

This third tenet of the cell theory has yet to be disproven. No scientist has ever created a functioning cell without replicating another cell, although some scientists are trying. If they were successful, it would give proof to how life could have evolved. It is thought that a self-replicating molecule mutated, developed the ability to produce a membrane, and thus the first cell was born. The cell was such a successful form of life that all life since has used the same basic template.

Explanation:

Answer:

The inner mitochondrial membrane contains proteins involved in the electron transport chain. This chain releases energy that is then used to generate an electrochemical gradient, which is subsequently used to synthesize ATP

Explanation:

Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles that have an inner membrane separated from an outer membrane by the intermembrane space. Moreover, the mitochondrial matrix is located within the inner membrane. The inner mitochondrial membrane contains proteins involved in the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain) is the third stage of cellular respiration in aerobic organisms in which ATP is generated by transferring electrons from NADH or FADH2 to O2 by a series of electron carriers located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The trans-membrane complexes of electron carriers are multiprotein enzyme complexes (I–V) and electron carriers (i.e., coenzyme Q10 and cytochrome c) required for the communication between complexes. The electron transport chain is coupled to proton transfer from the matrix out to the intermembrane space, thereby generating a proton gradient which is then used by ATP synthases to synthesize ATP​.

Answer: D Osmosis​

Explanation: Water moves into and out of cells by osmosis

The correct option is C. Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle.

True. The feature is called in the folded mountain range.

A folded mountain range is a type of mountain range that forms as a result of tectonic activity, specifically from the collision of two or more tectonic plates. When two plates collide, the force and pressure can cause the layers of rock in the Earth's crust to fold and buckle, creating a series of parallel ridges and valleys. Over time, erosion and weathering can shape these ridges and valleys into the recognizable peaks and valleys of a mountain range.

Examples of folded mountain ranges include the Himalayas, the Andes, the Alps, and the Appalachians. These mountain ranges are characterized by their long, linear ridges and valleys, and are typically found near the boundaries of tectonic plates. The formation of folded mountain ranges is a slow process that can take millions of years, and the resulting mountains can be some of the highest and most dramatic on Earth.

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plasma membrane proteins carry out functions as diverse as ferrying nutrients across the plasma membrane, receiving chemical signals from outside the cell, translating chemical signals into intracellular action

The protein plays an important role in the plasma membrane, such as acting as a receptor, a channel, a carrier, etc. The experiment that explains the plasma membrane is called FRAP, or fluorescence recovery after photobleaching.

The plasma membrane has both lipids and proteins in it; the lipids and proteins are arranged in such a way that they maintain the equilibrium of the cell. The proteins are present inside the cell and on the surfaces of the cell as receptors, channels, etc. Inside the cell, enzymes and other proteins, such as the cytoskeleton, are present, while the cell surface has receptors that bind with the ligand, such as hormones or neurotransmitters, etc.

The proteins are generally present in their secondary form in the cell membrane as receptors, and there is technology that can detect their functions and mobility. One experiment is fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), in which a specific area of the cell membrane is bleached and then the movement is seen with the help of fluorescence.

Hence, the correct answer is that, with the help of FRAP, the movement and function is seen in the cell membrane.

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The following explains why it is mandatory for pet owners to vaccinate their pets against rabies virus : Rabies can cause death if not treated immediately, and curing the virus after incubation is impossible.

The reason why it is mandatory for pet owners to vaccinate their pets against the rabies virus is that rabies can cause death if not treated immediately, and curing virus after incubation is impossible.

Rabies is viral disease that affects nervous system of mammals, including humans and pets. Once symptoms of the disease appear, it is almost always fatal, making vaccination the best way to prevent disease. Vaccinating pets against rabies not only protects the pet from the disease but also helps to prevent the spread of the virus to humans and other animals.

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If a student's car traveled 2.0 m in 3.6 seconds, the average speed of the car over those 2.0 meters would be 0.56 m/s.

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Answer:

True

Explanation:

i took the test and it was right

Option A is correct as I, II, III, and IV are all a part of the circulatory

system.

The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, is a complex network of organs and vessels responsible for transporting blood, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other necessary substances to different parts of the body. It also plays an important role in the removal of metabolic waste and carbon dioxide from the body.

I. Blood is a vital component of the circulatory system that flows through the blood vessels and carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances to different parts of the body.

II. Lungs are also a part of the circulatory system as they help to oxygenate the blood by allowing oxygen from the air to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be eliminated from it.

III. Heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood to the entire body. It is the center of the circulatory system and also responsible for regulating blood pressure.

IV. Blood Vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body and veins return oxygen-poor blood to the heart. Capillaries are small, thin-walled vessels where the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and other substances takes place between the blood and the tissues.(option-a)

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This commensalistic relationship demonstrates how organisms can exploit their environment and utilize other organisms to enhance their own survival and growth without causing harm or benefit to the host organism.

The plant and tree have a commensalistic relationship. In a commensalistic relationship, one organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefited. In this case, the plant benefits from growing on the branches of the tall tree in the dense tropical forest because it gains better access to sunlight, which is essential for photosynthesis and growth. By growing on the tree's branches, the plant is able to reach higher above the forest floor where sunlight is often limited due to the dense canopy. This advantageous position allows the plant to thrive and maximize its chances of survival.

On the other hand, the tree is unaffected by the presence of the plant. It does not provide any resources to the plant, nor does it suffer any negative consequences from the plant's presence. The tree is simply used as a physical support structure for the plant, with no direct interaction or exchange of nutrients between them.

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Answer:

e

Explanation:

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Their three primary theories—the functionalist theory, the conflict theory, and the symbolic interactionist theory—represent their points of view. The functionalist perspective is concerned with how universal education meets societal needs.

According to the functional viewpoint, education aids in the socialization of children and helps them get ready for when they eventually become adults and join the greater community.

The conflict viewpoint places a strong emphasis on how education perpetuates inequality in society at large.

Functionalists, education's main goal should be to educate students for participation in societal institutions.

Therefore, the school system still stopping in the summer is an example of functionalist theory.

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No, "Crick and Watson" is not a type of genetic test. Crick and Watson refer to James D. Watson and Francis Crick, who were scientists involved in the discovery of the structure of DNA. They proposed the double-helix structure of DNA in 1953, which provided the foundation for understanding genetic information and its role in heredity.

Genetic tests, on the other hand, are laboratory tests that analyze an individual's DNA or genes to provide information about their genetic makeup, potential genetic disorders, or predispositions to certain conditions.

These tests can be used for various purposes, such as diagnosing genetic disorders, predicting the risk of developing certain diseases, determining carrier status for genetic conditions, or providing ancestry and genealogical information.

While Crick and Watson made significant contributions to the field of genetics, they are not directly associated with genetic testing. Genetic tests are based on scientific advancements and technologies developed after their groundbreaking discovery of the DNA structure.

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In the process of sexual reproduction, mating of male gamete and female gamete is required for the fertilization to take place in humans.

A gamete is an animal or plant reproductive cell. Male gametes in animals are known as sperm, while female gametes are known as ova or egg cells.

Fertilization is the process in which a woman's egg combines with a man's sperm to form an embryo.

Usually, the fallopian tube that connects an ovary to the uterus is where fertilization occurs. An embryo begins to develop if the fertilized egg successfully passes through the fallopian tube and implants in the uterus.

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Explanation:

Prokaryotes have the advantages associated with greater simplicity, including more rapid reproduction, rapid mutation and adaptation to new environments, and more diverse metabolic systems. They also possess an ability to pass on adaptive genes to other bacteria in the form of plasmids.

Not all of the oxygen in the air is taken up by the lungs, and that the gases released when someone breathes out are heated to body temperature and saturated with water vapour. This results in the expired air having a larger water vapour content.

All of the oxygen in the air we breathe does not enter our lungs during the breathing process. The amount that is absorbed is little. Therefore, some oxygen is present in expired or exhaled air.

Since we don't consume nitrogen, the percentage of nitrogen remains close to 78%, but the significant difference is the rise in carbon dioxide. More or less 4% of the carbon dioxide and a larger percentage of water vapour than breathed air are found in exhaled air.

Water vapour makes up 0.02 to 0.04% of the air we breathe. Water vapour makes about 5.0 to 6.3% of exhaled air.

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Some cells in the body have special jobs they are really good at doing. They are called specialized cells.

The human body has lots of tiny cells, and each of them is different and has a special job to do.  This group helps with important things needed to survive.

One type of cells carry oxygen and another type send electrical signals in our body. Specialized cells help the body do important things. Tissues: Groups of similar cells form tissues, such as muscle tissue, connective tissue, and epithelial tissue.

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You are looking at fungi and the structure  Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, or Basidiomycetes are used for sexual reproduction .

Zygomycota generally harvest spores inside sporangia. Ascomycota harvest spores inside asci while Basidiomycota produce spores on a platform called a basidium. The spores produced by Basidiomycota are generally made using sexual reproduction.

Zygomycota is having non-septate hyphae with numerous nuclei. Their hyphae blends during sexual reproduction to yield a zygospore in a zygosporangium. Ascomycota (sac fungi) form spores in sacs called asci during sexual reproduction. sexual reproduction is their common phenomenon of reproduction.

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Answer:

fentanyl

Explanation:

Answer:

the answer is: bone scars give clues

Explanation:

Answer:

the answer is bone scars give clues about the muscle size

Explanation:

Answer:

Astrology order of size means the the size of the planets in order from smallest to largest that is:-

Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth, Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, and Jupiter.