When 1-butanol is treated with \(PBr_3\) (phosphorus tribromide), an SN2 reaction occurs, and the hydroxyl group is replaced by a bromine atom. The major organic product obtained is 1-bromobutane\((CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2Br)\).
When 1-butanol is treated with \(PBr_3\) (phosphorus tribromide), an SN2 reaction occurs and the hydroxyl group (-OH) is replaced by a bromine atom (-Br) to form 1-bromobutane. The reaction mechanism is as follows:
First, PBr3 reacts with the hydroxyl group (-OH) of 1-butanol to form a complex:
\(CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2OH + PBr_3\) → \(CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2O-PBr_3\)
Then, the bromine atom from the PBr3 complex attacks the carbon atom adjacent to the hydroxyl group, while the leaving group (\(-O-PBr_3\)) departs, resulting in the formation of 1-bromobutane:
\(CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2O - PBr_3 + Br^-\) → \(CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2Br + POBr_3\)
The major organic product obtained from the reaction is 1-bromobutane:
\(CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2OH + PBr_3\) → \(CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2Br + HBr\).
Hence, the product is 1-bromobutane \((CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2Br)\).
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total heat load represents the amount of heat that a commercial refrigeration system must remove in a _____ period.
Total heat load represents the amount of heat that a commercial refrigeration system must remove in a given period, which can vary depending on the specific needs of the business or facility.
The heat load can be influenced by factors such as the size of the refrigerated space, the type of products being stored, the ambient temperature and humidity levels, and the frequency of door openings. It is important to accurately calculate the total heat load in order to select the appropriate refrigeration system and ensure efficient operation. Failure to remove the required amount of heat can lead to equipment failure, increased energy costs, and compromised product quality. Factors that can increase the total heat load include poor insulation, inefficient lighting, and improper ventilation. On the other hand, reducing the heat load can be achieved through measures such as installing high-efficiency lighting and motors, improving insulation, and using proper ventilation. By understanding and managing the total heat load, businesses can ensure effective and efficient operation of their refrigeration systems, leading to cost savings and improved product quality.
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2C2H6 + 7O2 → __CO2 + 6H2O
What coefficient will need to be placed in the blank in order for the following equation to be correctly balanced?
A.
1
B.
3
C.
4
D.
7
Answer:
From the Combustion formula of Organic Compounds....
Exactly 4 Moles of CO2 would make the equation balanced
So
OPTION C
4MOLES
using the following organic molecules listed above, which organic molecule is presented in the following ir spectrum. after analzying the spectrum, i think it is either dimethyl malonate, 1-cyclopropylethan-1-one, or cyclohex-2-en-1-one. however, i am not sure. please tell me which organic molecule from the images above is depicted. thank you
It is no doubt Cyclo-2-en-1-one. It can be concluded from the value of C=O stretching value. For the other two compound, the C=O stretching will come more than 1720 cm-1 region. The peak at 3096 cm-1 is for C-H stretching (alkene). The peak at 3010 cm-1 is for alkane C-H stretching.
Compound is a chemical term for a substance composed of similar molecules containing atoms from various chemical elements.
A molecule made up of just one element's atoms is not referred to as a compound.
Alkanes, including hexane and butane, are substances made of carbon and hydrogen atoms bound together by only one bond.
During chemical reactions, it gets changed into new compounds. According to the chemical bonds they include, there are four main types of compounds. These are:
1) Atoms in molecular compounds linked by covalent bonds.
2) Atoms in ionic compounds connected by ionic bonds.
3) Atoms bound together by metallic bonds in intermetallic compounds.
4) Atoms are kept together by coordinate bonds in complexes for co-ordination.
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what are the factors affecting gravity?
Gravity, as a fundamental force of nature, is influenced by several factors. The following are some of the key factors affecting gravity:
Mass: The most significant factor affecting gravity is the mass of the objects involved. According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses. Greater mass leads to a stronger gravitational force.Distance: The distance between two objects also plays a crucial role in the strength of gravity. According to the inverse square law, the gravitational force decreases as the distance between objects increases. As objects move farther apart, the gravitational attraction between them weakens.Gravitational Constant: The gravitational constant, denoted by G, is a fundamental constant in physics that determines the strength of the gravitational force. It is a universal constant and does not change, affecting the overall magnitude of gravity.Shape and Distribution of Mass: The distribution of mass within an object can influence the gravitational field it generates. Objects with a more compact and concentrated mass distribution will have a stronger gravitational pull compared to those with a more spread-out mass distribution.External Influences: Gravity can be influenced by external factors such as nearby celestial bodies or the presence of other forces. For example, the gravitational interaction between the Earth and the Moon affects tides on Earth's surface.6. The rate of reaction depends on temperature, concentration, particle size and catalyst. Which statement is not correct? A Catalysts can be used to increase the rate of reaction. B Higher concentration decreases the rate of reaction. C Higher temperature increases the rate of reaction. D Larger particle size decreases the rate of reaction.
Answer:
Statement B is not correct.
Explanation:
Higher concentration typically increases the rate of reaction, not decreases it. This is because a higher concentration of reactants means that there are more particles colliding with each other, increasing the likelihood of successful collisions and therefore increasing the rate of reaction.
The other statements are all correct. Catalysts can be used to increase the rate of reaction by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy. Higher temperature increases the rate of reaction by increasing the kinetic energy of the particles, making them move faster and collide more frequently. Smaller particle size increases the rate of reaction by increasing the surface area available for reactions to take place.
HELP PLSSS!!!
How many particles are present in 166.3g of Ba(BrO3)2 ? (Round your answer to the hundredths place)
Show work
\(=166.3g\ Ba(BrO_{3})_{2}\ x\ \frac{1\ mol\ Ba(BrO_{3})_{2}}{393.13g\ Ba(BrO_{3})_{2}}\ x\ \frac{6.022\ x\ 10^{23}\ particles}{1\ mol\ Ba(BrO_{3})_{2}}\)
\(=2.547398062\ x\ 10^{23}\ particles\)
\(=2.55\ x\ 10^{23}\ particles\)
You are given the mass of barium bromate. You have to find the moles of this substance using the molar mass and then multiply it by avogadro's number to find how many particles are present.
Circle the letter next to each sentence that is true concerning the compressibility of gases. a. The large relative distances between particles in a gas means that there is considerable empty space between the particles. b. The assumption that particles in a gas are relatively far apart explains gas compressibility. c. Compressibility is a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure. d. Energy is released by a gas when it is compressed.
Answer:
The large relative distances between particles in a gas means that there is considerable empty space between the particles.
The assumption that particles in a gas are relatively far apart explains gas compressibility.
Compressibility is a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure.
Energy is released by a gas when it is compressed
Explanation:
The kinetic molecular theory establishes that gases are composed of molecules. These molecules of gas are far apart from each other hence there is a considerable empty space between the gas molecules. As a result of these empty spaces between gas molecules, it is possible to compress a gas.
Compressibility is defined as a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure. When a gas is compressed, work is done on the gas and energy is evolved hence the gas heats up.
Mg(OH)2 is precipitated according to the following reaction: Mg^(2+) + 2OH^(-) <---> Mg(OH)2(s) How much Mg2+ in moles/L is present in solution at equilibrium when the pH is 10.0? (Neglect ionic strength effects). K =1.72x10^11
The amount of Mg2+ in moles/L present in solution at equilibrium when the pH is 10.0 can be calculated using the equation for the equilibrium constant (K) and the relationship between pH and the concentration of OH^- ions.
First, we need to find the concentration of OH^- ions at pH 10.0:
pH = -log[H+]
14 = pH + pOH
pOH = 14 - pH
pOH = 14 - 10.0 = 4.0
[OH^-] = 10^-pOH = 10^-4.0 = 1.0 x 10^-4 M
Next, we can use the equation for the equilibrium constant (K) to find the concentration of Mg2+ at equilibrium:
K = [Mg(OH)2]/[Mg2+][OH^-]^2
1.72 x 10^11 = (1.0 x 10^-4)^2/[Mg2+]
[Mg2+] = (1.0 x 10^-4)^2/(1.72 x 10^11) = 5.81 x 10^-20 M
Therefore, the amount of Mg2+ in moles/L present in solution at equilibrium when the pH is 10.0 is 5.81 x 10^-20 M.
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Carbonated cola is more acidic than coffee or even orange juice because cola contains phosphoric acid. What is the molar concentration of h3o+ in a cola that has a ph of 3. 120?.
The molar concentration of h3O+ = 7.59 × 10^-4 M
What is pH value?
It is a measure of how acidic or basic water is. It is determined by its pH. From 0 to 14, with 7 serving as neutral, the range is available. Acidity is indicated by pH values lower than 7, while baseness is indicated by pH values higher than 7. A critical indicator of water quality is the pH of the solution.
The molar concentration of [H3O+] in a cola with a pH of 3.120 can be calculated by:
[H3O+]=10−pH
[H3O+]=10−3.120
[H3O+]=7.59×10−4M
Ingestion of large amounts of phosphoric acid found in cola can upset the body's regulation of bone metabolism and reduce the absorption of calcium from the diet. For this reason, people who are at risk of developing osteoporosis are often advised not to drink much cola.
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Which statement best describes John Dalton’s use of creativity in his work?
Answer:
c
Explanation:
in order to calculate the ph of a salt solution generated from a weak acid and a weak base by using a single ice chart, what must be true?
In order to calculate the pH of a salt solution generated from a weak acid and a weak base using a single ice chart, a few things must be true.
Firstly, the weak acid and weak base must react to form a salt and water. This is important because the salt will affect the pH of the solution. Secondly, the acid and base must be of equal strength.
If one is stronger than the other, the resulting solution will either be acidic or basic, depending on which is stronger. Finally, the initial concentrations of the acid and base must be known,
as well as the equilibrium constant of the acid-base reaction. With this information, the single ice chart can be used to determine the concentrations of all species in the solution at equilibrium, which can then be used to calculate the pH of the solution.
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is it true or false?
Stoichiometry - Chemistry
Answer:
C
Explanation:
in the option C when we rearrange it then it will he C3H6O2
Answer:
yes its C
Explanation:
correct me if iam wrong
A 1.60 g tablet is found to contain 0.0133 mol of the amino acid glycine (C2H5NO2). (The molar mass of
C2H5NO2 is 75.07 g/mol.)
What is the mass percent of C2H5NO2 in the tablet
The mass percent of C2H5NO2 (glycine) in the 1.60 g tablet is approximately 62.4%.
To calculate the mass percent of glycine (C2H5NO2) in the 1.60 g tablet, we'll need to use the information provided: 0.0133 mol of glycine and its molar mass, 75.07 g/mol.
First, let's determine the mass of glycine in the tablet. We'll multiply the number of moles by the molar mass:
Mass of glycine = moles × molar mass
Mass of glycine = 0.0133 mol × 75.07 g/mol
Mass of glycine ≈ 0.998 g
Now, we'll calculate the mass percent of glycine in the tablet. We'll divide the mass of glycine by the total mass of the tablet and multiply by 100:
Mass percent of glycine = (mass of glycine / total mass of tablet) × 100
Mass percent of glycine = (0.998 g / 1.60 g) × 100
Mass percent of glycine ≈ 62.4%
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Why is the reaction rate for reactants defined as the negative of the change in reactant concentration with respect to time?
Answer:
The reaction rate for reactants is negative because the reactants are being used up as the reaction produces from left to right. the rate of the products is positive because they are being formed.
Explanation:
Hope this helps
Drag the missing word into place
bet you didn't know the third rock and roll got soul,
and gravitational pull. i
around the sun,
and every 12 months make a revolution.
The word complete, which is absent from the provided sentence, is a revolution all around sun and every twelve months.
The earth revolution is what?
The term "revolution" describes how an item moves in its orbit around another object. For instance, the 24-hour day is created as the Earth rotates on its own axis. The 365-day year is made possible by the Sun's rotation of the Earth.
What distinguishes rotation from revolution?
The rotation of the Earth is the movement of its axis. The rotation of the Earth around the Sun is referred to as revolution. - Rotation takes around 24 hours. - Revolution takes 365 days and 6 hours.
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a solution of ethanol (c2h5oh) is prepared by dissolving 35.0 ml of ethanol in enough water to make 120.0 ml of solution. what is the molarity of the ethanol in this solution? (the molar mass of ethanol is 46.07 g/mol, and the density of ethanol is 0.790 g/ml.)
The molarity of the ethanol solution is 5.00 M.
To determine the molarity of the ethanol solution, we need to first calculate the number of moles of ethanol present in the solution, and then divide that by the volume of the solution in liters.
First, we need to determine the mass of ethanol present in the solution. To do this, we can use the density of ethanol:
Mass of ethanol = volume of ethanol x density of ethanol
= 35.0 ml x 0.790 g/ml
= 27.65 g
Next, we can use the molar mass of ethanol to calculate the number of moles of ethanol:
Number of moles of ethanol = mass of ethanol / molar mass of ethanol
= 27.65 g / 46.07 g/mol
= 0.600 moles
Finally, we can calculate the molarity of the solution:
Molarity = number of moles of solute/volume of solution (in liters)
= 0.600 moles / 0.120 L
= 5.00 M
Therefore, the molarity of the ethanol solution is 5.00 M.
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There are 264 stable isotopes of the approximately 1500 known isotopes. If the stable isotopes where plotted on a
graph according to number of protons vs number of neutrons, it would form a pattern called the
Answer: band of stability
Explanation: my chem teacher told me so
If the stable isotopes are plotted according to the number of protons and neutrons it would form a pattern called the band of stability.
What are isotopes?
Isotopes are defined as substances having same number of protons but different number of neutrons.Number of protons is characteristic for determining position of elements in the periodic table.
Since,all isotopes have the same number of protons and hence have same position.They have similar chemical properties as they have same number of electrons.
They find applications in the field of nuclear medicine and oil and gas research . There are 2 types of isotopes : stable and unstable
Unstable isotopes are radioactive and are called as radioisotopes.Some of these isotopes are man -made and hence also called as artificial isotopes.Every element has an isotope which is either man-made or natural .
Many properties of isotopes depend on mass which is measured in atomic mass unit. The difference in actual mass and mass number is called mass defect.
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Select the atoms that are lithium with a mass of 7
Answer:
I dont know
Explanation:
I just dont know
considering both the effect of volume and the effect of intermolecular forces, how would the deviation from the ideal behavior of a gas change when the gas is at a higher temperature
I'm choosing a value of 298 K, a volume of 1 liter, and 2 and 4 particles to compare the effects of volume and intermolecular forces in this specific scenario, which will be larger than what the ideal gas law predicts.
How do intermolecular forces differ depending on volume?
The intermolecular distances between gaseous molecules are generally large at low pressures, but as the gas pressure rises, they get less and less (Figure 5.10. 3). As a result, its volume taken up by the molecules rises much over the container's volume.
Why does the ideal gas rule break out at high pressures for gases?
It is assumed that the molecules in an ideal gas have no gravitational pull on one another and take up no space. However, real molecules do have limiting volumes and are attracted to one another. Therefore, under high pressures, a gas behaves differently than it should because of the attraction between its molecules.
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CAN SOMEONE PLS HELP PLS
an isotope of phosphorus contains 19 neutrons. construct the symbol for the isotope.
Answer:
Explanation:
The isotope Al-27 has 13 protons and 14 neutrons. Aluminium's average atomic mass is 26.981539 AMU
How many moles of acetic acid are in 21. 33 ml if the concentration of the solution is 0. 743 m.
There are approximately 0.01582 moles of acetic acid in the given solution with a concentration of 0.743 M.
To determine the number of moles of acetic acid in the solution, we can use the formula:
moles = concentration (molarity) × volume (in liters)
First, let's convert the volume from milliliters to liters. Since 1 liter is equal to 1000 milliliters, we have:
21.33 ml = 21.33/1000 = 0.02133 L
Next, we can substitute the values into the formula:
moles = 0.743 mol/L × 0.02133 L
Calculating this expression, we find:
moles = 0.01582 mol
Therefore, there are approximately 0.01582 moles of acetic acid in the given solution with a concentration of 0.743 M.
In summary, the number of moles of acetic acid in 21.33 ml of a solution with a concentration of 0.743 M is approximately 0.01582 mol.
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Where are the sugars created during photosynthesis?
a. roots
b. stomata
c. chloroplasts
d. stem
Answer:
stroma part of chloroplast
Explanation:
If you see a large “H” on the weather map, what type of weather can you expect there?
Answer:
High pressure.
Explanation:
The weather should have clear skies, if it is a Large "L" it would be could be stormy.
Hope this helps! have a great day!
In which phase of matter do the molecules that make up the substance have the greatest kinetic energy?
Liquid
O Plasma
O Gas
O Solid
Answer:
Gas
Explanation:
This in turn determines whether the substance exists in the solid, liquid, or gaseous state. Molecules in the solid phase have the least amount of energy,
A KNO3 solution containing 54 g of KNO3 in 100.0 g of water is cooled from 40 °C to 0°C. Determine the mass of KNO3 that will be precipitated. (Enter 0 in the answer field if no precipitate forms.) 100 90 80 NaNO, Cach, 70 K_Cr,0, 60 Na SO Solubility (g solute in 100g H,0) 50 Pb(NO3)2 KNO КСІ 40 30 20 Kdo, 10 0 0 10 20 30 70 80 90 100 40 50 60 Temperature (°C)
The mass of KNO3 that will be precipitated is 26 g. From the solubility graph, we can see that the solubility of KNO3 at 40°C is about 64 g in 100 g of water, and the solubility at 0°C is about 28 g in 100 g of water.
This means that as the temperature decreases from 40°C to 0°C, the solubility of KNO3 decreases from 64 g to 28 g in 100 g of water. Since the initial solution contains 54 g of KNO3 in 100 g of water, and the solubility at 0°C is 28 g in 100 g of water, the difference between these two values is the amount of KNO3 that will be precipitated:
54 g - 28 g = 26 g
Therefore, the mass of KNO3 that will be precipitated is 26 g.
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In two or more complete sentences explain how to balance the chemical equation and classify its reaction type.
___H3PO4 + ___NaBr ⟶ ___HBr + ___Na3PO4
Answer:
Double displacement reaction
Explanation:
Chemical equation:
H₃PO₄ + NaBr → HBr + Na₃PO₄
Balanced chemical equation:
H₃PO₄ + 3NaBr → 3HBr + Na₃PO₄
Step one:
H₃PO₄ + NaBr → HBr + Na₃PO₄
On left side of equation On right side pf equation
H = 3 H = 1
P = 1 P = 1
O = 4 O = 4
Na = 1 Na = 3
Br = 1 Br = 1
Step 2:
H₃PO₄ + NaBr → 3HBr + Na₃PO₄
On left side of equation On right side pf equation
H = 3 H = 3
P = 1 P = 1
O = 4 O = 4
Na = 1 Na = 3
Br = 1 Br = 3
Step 3:
H₃PO₄ + 3NaBr → 3HBr + Na₃PO₄
On left side of equation On right side pf equation
H = 3 H = 3
P = 1 P = 1
O = 4 O = 4
Na = 3 Na = 3
Br = 3 Br = 3
Type of chemical reaction:
The given reaction is double displacement reaction on which cation and anion of both reactants are replace with each other.
dentify the structure at the end of the arrow. the ph of the urine is 8.5. triple phosphate crystal leucine crystal sulfa crystal ammonium biurate crystal indinavir crystal
The structure at the end of the arrow while the ph of the urine is 8.5 is called option C: Ammonium biurate crystal
What is Ammonium biurate crystalAmmonium biurate crystals, also called uric acid ammonium biurate crystals or thorn-apple crystals, are a specific kind of crystal that can be found in urine. These crystals are made up of a mix of ammonium, uric acid, and biurate.
They look different and have shapes similar to flower arrangements. Ammonium biurate crystals are often found in the urine of people with specific health problems, especially those with liver disease or a condition where blood goes around the liver.
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Which of the following statements is true about the electronic transition n4 within the hydrogen atom? of n2 A photon within the visible range will be emitted A photon within the infrared range will be emitted A photon within the ultraviolet range will be emitted No photon will be emitted
The electronic transition n=4 to n=2 within the hydrogen atom corresponds to the emission of a photon within the visible range.
The electronic transitions in hydrogen atoms involve the movement of an electron from one energy level (n) to another. The energy of the emitted photon is given by the difference in energy between the initial and final energy levels.
In this case, the transition n=4 to n=2 corresponds to an electron moving from the fourth energy level to the second energy level. This transition results in the emission of a photon. The energy of the emitted photon is equal to the energy difference between these two levels.
The energy of a photon is directly related to its wavelength. Photons with higher energy have shorter wavelengths, and photons with lower energy have longer wavelengths. The visible range of light is characterized by photons with wavelengths between approximately 400 to 700 nanometers.
Since the n=4 to n=2 transition corresponds to the emission of a photon, and the visible range falls within this energy range, the correct statement is that a photon within the visible range will be emitted during this electronic transition.
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WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ELECTRIC CURRENT PASSES THROUGH ACIDIFIED WATER.
Answer:
When an electric current is passed through acidified water, it decomposes to give hydrogen and oxygen gas. The hydrogen gas is obtained at the cathode and the oxygen gas is obtained at the anode