Chemical analysis shows that ninhydrin contains 60.68% C, 3.40% H, and 35.92% O. What is the empirical formula for ninhydrin
Answers
The empirical formula of ninhydrin is C9H6O4.
Chemical analysis shows that ninhydrin contains 60.68% C, 3.40% H, and 35.92% O. By following the steps of determining empirical formulas, it can be found that the empirical formula for ninhydrin is C9H6O4. Below is the detailed solution:
Determination of empirical formula:
Chemical analysis provides the mass or percent composition of each element present in a compound. Thus, the empirical formula for ninhydrin can be calculated using the given mass percentages of C, H, and O in the compound and the molar masses of the elements. To calculate the empirical formula, the given percentages of each element are first converted to masses using the following equation:
Mass = (Percentage/100) x Total mass of the compound
Here, the total mass of the compound is assumed to be 100 g since percentages are given. So,Mass of C = (60.68/100) x 100 g = 60.68 gMass of H = (3.40/100) x 100 g = 3.40 gMass of O = (35.92/100) x 100 g = 35.92 g
The next step is to convert these masses to moles using their respective molar masses. The molar mass of C is 12 g/mol, H is 1 g/mol, and O is 16 g/mol.Moles of C = 60.68 g/12 g/mol = 5.0567 mol Moles of H = 3.40 g/1 g/mol = 3.40 molMoles of O = 35.92 g/16 g/mol = 2.245 mol
The mole ratio of the elements in a compound can then be obtained by dividing each of the mole values by the smallest mole value.
Moles ratio of C: 5.0567/2.245 = 2.25 ≈ 2
Moles ratio of H: 3.40/2.245 = 1.52 ≈ 2
Moles ratio of O: 2.245/2.245 = 1
The empirical formula of the compound can be written using these mole ratios as the whole number subscripts for the elements. Thus, the empirical formula for ninhydrin is C9H6O4, which is twice the mole ratio obtained above for C and H. Therefore, the empirical formula of ninhydrin is C9H6O4.
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Related Questions
What is the atomic number of copper
Answers
Answer:
29
Explanation:
Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number is 29
Explanation:
Newton's Laws (8.6 C):Question 3
An object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force.
Which activity is an example of this law?
Select one:
A.A football is kicked off a tee.
B.A floating stick is carried over a waterfall.
C.A bicycle travels faster as it
goes downhill.
D.A baseball player slides into second base.
Answers
Answer:A.
Explanation:
In this case, the object receives the action. Which lines up with newton's law " an object will stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force." The football is being kicked, which means a direct outside force acted upon this.
Newton's first law states that An object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. The example D a floating stick carried over the water fall depicts the first law of motion.
What are laws of motion ?Newton proposed three laws to describe the motion of an object. The first law states that, an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. The tendency to stay in its current state is called inertia of the object.
Newton's second law states that, the force acting on an object is the product of its mass and acceleration. Third law of motion states that, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Among the given options, the example, of the baseball player sliding onto the second base is an illustrating first law of motion. The baseball player slide to avoid over running and to protect themselves.
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FLVS 4.05 CARBON CYLE ALTERNATE (IN YOUR OWN WORDS PLS)
9. Which arrow or arrows indicate a process that cycles carbon from living
or nonliving organisms? Describe the process(es) you selected.
Answers
The arrows indicating photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and combustion all represent processes that cycle carbon from living or nonliving organisms.
How do the processes of photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and combustion contribute to the cycling of carbon ?To identify the arrow(s) that indicate a process cycling carbon from living or nonliving organisms, we need to understand the carbon cycle and its different processes.
The carbon cycle is the natural process through which carbon is exchanged between the atmosphere, oceans, living organisms, and the Earth's crust. It involves several interconnected processes:
Photosynthesis: This process occurs in plants and some microorganisms, where carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is converted into glucose and oxygen. The arrow indicating photosynthesis represents the uptake of carbon dioxide by plants and the subsequent conversion into organic carbon compounds. Respiration: Respiration occurs in living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. It is the process of breaking down organic carbon compounds (such as glucose) to release energy, resulting in the release of carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. The arrow indicating respiration represents the release of carbon dioxide by living organisms during their metabolic processes.Decomposition: Decomposition is the breakdown of organic matter by fungi, bacteria, and other decomposers. During decomposition, organic compounds are broken down, releasing carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere or converting it into organic matter in the soil. The arrow indicating decomposition represents the breakdown of organic matter and the release of carbon dioxide during this process. Combustion: Combustion involves the burning of organic materials, such as fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) and biomass. When these substances burn, they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The arrow indicating combustion represents the release of carbon dioxide through the burning of organic materials.Learn more about Carbon Cycle
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9)
Solve the question above:
A car with a 14-gallon gas tank gets 22 mpg gas mileage. How far can the car travel on a full tank of gas?
distance traveled on a full tank = ? miles
Answers
A car with a 14 gallon gas tank get 22 mpg gas mileage. The distance traveled by a car on full tank is 308 miles.
capacity of car tank = 14 gallon
mileage of car = 22 mpg ( miles per gallon )
distance traveled on a full tank = ?
to find out the distance traveled by a car on full tank of gas,
distance traveled on full tank = capacity of car tank × mile per gallon
= 14 gallon × 22 miles / gallon
= 308 miles.
Thus , A car with 14 gallon gas tank get 22 mpg gas mileage. the distance traveled by a car on a full tank of gas is 308 miles.
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What structures are found in
plant cells that are not found in animal cells?
Answers
Answer:
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole, which are not found within animal cells. The cell wall is a rigid covering that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell.
Explanation:
MOST BRAINLIEST
what is the element ?
Answers
Answer:
like a element is like water
Answer:
periodic table
which type of solution is 2 nacl compared with 1 nacl
Answers
The type of solution is 2 % NaCl compared with 10 % NaCl is that 2 % of the NaCl is called as the hypotonic solution as compared to the 10 % of the solution.
The hypotonic solution is the solution which contain the low amount of the solute in terms of the concentration. In the given situation we have, two solutions one is 2 % of NaCl and other is 10 % of NaCl. It is clear from the given information that 2 % of NaCl is the low concentration salt solution.
Thus the 2 % of the NaCl is called as the hypotonic solution when compared to the 10 % of NaCl.
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if collision energy is less than activation energy, then no reaction will result. group of answer choices true false
Answers
The statement "if collision energy is less than activation energy, then no reaction will result" is false. In a chemical reaction, the collision energy refers to the energy possessed by the colliding particles (atoms, molecules, or ions).
Activation energy, on the other hand, is the minimum energy required for a reaction to occur, specifically to break the existing bonds and form new ones.
If the collision energy is less than the activation energy, it does not necessarily mean that no reaction will occur. While higher collision energy increases the likelihood of a successful reaction, there are other factors at play, such as the orientation and frequency of collisions, the presence of catalysts, and the stability of the transition state.
In some cases, even if the collision energy is lower than the activation energy, a reaction can still take place if the particles collide with the correct orientation and possess sufficient energy to overcome the activation barrier. Therefore, it is possible for a reaction to occur despite the collision energy being lower than the activation energy.
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Which type of energy resource does not use a turbine to generate electricity?
A. Petroleum
B. Sunlight
C. Biomass
D. Coal
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The answer is sunlight solar cells directly convert the sunlight into electricity
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Sunlight, or solar energy is the type of energy which is not used by a turbine to generate electricity.
write a balanced net ionic equation to show why the solubility of coco3(s) increases in the presence of a strong acid and calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction of this sparingly soluble salt with acid. consider only the first step in the reaction with strong acid. use the pull-down boxes to specify states such as (aq) or (s).
Answers
Answer:
The balanced net ionic equation to show why the solubility of CaCO₃(s) increases in the presence of a strong acid is:
CaCO₃(s) + 2 H⁺(aq) → Ca²⁺(aq) + CO₂(g) + H₂O(l)
In this reaction, the strong acid (H⁺) reacts with the carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻) in CaCO₃(s) to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), which is unstable and decomposes into water and carbon dioxide gas (CO₂). As CO₂(g) escapes into the air, the equilibrium shifts towards the products, resulting in increased solubility of CaCO₃(s) in the acid solution.
To calculate the equilibrium constant (K) for this reaction, we can use the following equation:
K = [Ca²⁺][CO₂]/[H⁺]²
The concentrations of Ca²⁺ and CO₂ are determined by the solubility product constant for CaCO₃, which is 4.8 × 10⁻⁹ at 25°C. Since CaCO₃(s) is a sparingly soluble salt, we can assume that the concentration of Ca²⁺ in the solution is negligible compared to the initial concentration of H⁺, and that the concentration of CO₂ can be approximated as the partial pressure of CO₂ in the gas phase. Therefore, we can simplify the expression for K as:
K ≈ Ksp[CO₂]/[H⁺]²
Substituting the values, we get:
K ≈ (4.8 × 10⁻⁹) × (Pco₂/[H⁺]²)
At standard conditions (1 atm and 25°C), the partial pressure of CO₂ is 0.03 atm. If we assume that the initial concentration of H⁺ is 0.1 M, we can calculate the equilibrium constant:
K ≈ (4.8 × 10⁻⁹) × (0.03/0.1)² ≈ 1.44 × 10⁻⁶
Therefore, the equilibrium constant for the reaction between CaCO₃(s) and a strong acid is approximately 1.44 × 10⁻⁶ at 25°C.
Explanation:
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An inflated balloon is left outside overnight. initially it has a volume of 1.84 L when the temperature is 293.4 K and the pressure. what temperature will the balloon have a volume of 1540mL. If the pressure falls to 14.41 psi?
Answers
Answer:
ffff
Explanation:
Which of the following statements does not describe the structure of an atom? (3 points) a Inside the nucleus of an atom are protons and neutrons. b Protons are positively charged sub-atomic particles. c Electrons are negatively charged sub-atomic particles. d Most of the mass of an atom comes from the electron cloud.
Answers
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
The electron cloud has negligible mass. Most mass come from the nucleus.
Molecular formula of certain ionic compound is A₂B3 and A is a metal. State the valency and group of A and B in the modern periodic table. hagin of chemical reaction
Answers
Answer:
a machine capable of carrying a person through time, and he returns at dinner the following week to recount a remarkable tale, becoming the new narrator.
In the new narrative, the Time Traveller tests his device. At first he thinks nothing has happened but soon finds out he went five hours into the future. He continues forward and sees his house disappear and turn into a lush garden. The Time Traveller stops in A.D. 802,701, where he meets the Eloi, a society of small, elegant, childlike adults. They live in small communities within large and futuristic yet slowly deteriorating buildings, and adhere to a fruit-based diet. His efforts to communicate with them are hampered by their lack of curiosity or discipline. They appear happy and carefree but fear the dark, and particularly moonless nights. Observing them, he finds that they give no response to mysterious nocturnal disappearances, possibly because the thought of it alone frightens them into silence. After exploring the area around the Eloi's residences, the Time Traveller reaches the top of a hill overlooking London. He concludes that the entire planet has become a garden, with little trace of human society or engineering from the hundreds of thousands of years prior, and that communism[16] has at last been achieved.
Returning to the site where he arrived, the Time Traveller is shocked to find his time machine missing and eventually concludes that it has been dragged by some unknown party into a nearby structure with heavy doors, locked from the inside, which resembles a Sphinx. Luckily, he had removed the machine's levers before leaving it (the time machine being unable to travel through time without them). Later in the dark, he is approached menacingly by the Morlocks, ape-like troglodytes who live in darkness underground and surface only at night. Exploring one of many "wells" that lead to the Morlocks' dwellings, he discovers the machinery and industry that makes
Explanation:
________ iron is found in some foods that provide all the amino acids humans require for the absorption of iron.
Answers
Non-heme iron is found in some foods that provide all the amino acids humans require for the absorption of iron.
What are amino acids?Amino acids are defined as the substances which are considered to be the monomers of proteins.Every amino acid has the same structure which consists of a central carbon bonded to an amino group , carboxyl group and a hydrogen.
Each amino acid also has an another atom or a group of atoms bonded to the alpha carbon which are also known as the R group or the variable group of the side chain.There are 20 common amino acids which are present in natural proteins and each amino acid has the same backbone.
The sequence and number of amino acids determines protein's shape,size and also its function. Each amino acid is attached to the other by a covalent bond formed by a dehydration reaction.
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A student in the chemistry lab heated a sample of potassium chlorate solid KCIO, (M=122.55 g/mol). 3 The following reaction took place: 2 KClO 2 KCl +30₂ The oxygen gas (M=32 g/mol) produced was collected at 22 °C and 0.964 atm and of vasume 0.65 L. The mass of KCLO 3 that was decomposed in the above reaction is 0.83 2.12 3.17 28.37 grams.
Answers
The mass of KClO₃ that was decomposed in the given reaction by the ideal gas equation is approximately 7.19 grams.
Given:
Pressure (P) = 0.964 atm
Volume (V) = 0.65 L
Temperature (T) = 22 °C = 22 + 273.15 = 295.15 K
The ideal gas law: PV = nRT
Where:
P = Pressure in atm
V = Volume in liters
n = Number of moles
R = Ideal gas constant = 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K)
T = Temperature in Kelvin
n = (PV) / (RT)
n = (0.964 atm) × (0.65 L) / (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) × 295.15 K)
n ≈ 0.0294 mol
2 moles of KClO₃ produce 1 mole of O₂. Therefore, the number of moles of KClO₃decomposed would be:
Moles of KClO₃= 2 × 0.0294 mol
Moles of KClO₃≈ 0.0588 mol
Molar mass of KClO₃= 122.55 g/mol
Mass of KClO₃= Moles of KClO₃× Molar mass of KClO₃
Mass of KClO₃≈ 0.0588 mol × 122.55 g/mol
Mass of KClO₃≈ 7.19 grams
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According to the graph,
what part(s) of the
reaction are present at
the beginning of the
reaction?
Concentration (M)
Reaction: 2A A₂
A. only the reactant, A
B. only the product, A:
C. Both the reactant (A) and product (A:)
D. You cannot determine from the graph.
Time (sec)
4
Answers
According to the graph, only the reactant A was present at the beginning of the reaction.
What does the graph show?The graph shows the concentration for the reactant A and the product that is A2. In this graph, the concentration is displayed on the vertical axis, while the horizontal axis shows the time.
In general terms, it can be observed that at the beginning only the reactant A is present, but as the reaction occurs the concentration of this reactant decreases, while the concentration of the product A2 increases.
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of increasing our use of solar energy?It would reduce our dependence on fossil fuels.Energy from the sun is abundant.Currently, the production and storage of solar energy is bit as cost efficient when compared to obtaining the same quantity of energy from fossil fuels.Solar energy does not generate air pollution such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides.
Answers
The disadvantage of increasing our use of solar energy is that unfortunately currently, the production and storage of solar energy is bit as cost efficient when compared to obtaining the same quantity of energy from fossil fuels.
WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!
Use complete sentences to differentiate between acids and bases on the basis of their behavior when dissolved in water. Give an example of each type.
Please be simple and original....DONT PLAGIARIZE PLEASE!! 50 points!
Answers
Answer:
acids and bases cancel each other out. acids increase H+ ions while bases release H+ ions
Explanation:
diels-alder reaction synthesis of 9,10-dihydroanthraceno-9,10-endo-a,b-succinic anhydride
Answers
This is the Diels-Alder reaction synthesis of 9,10-dihydroanthraceno-9,10-endo-a,b-succinic anhydride.
The given product, 9,10-dihydroanthraceno-9,10-endo-a,b-succinic anhydride, can be synthesized using Diels-Alder reaction synthesis.
Diels-Alder reaction synthesis is an organic chemical reaction between a conjugated diene and a substituted alkene, commonly termed as a dienophile.
According to the given question, 9,10-dihydroanthraceno-9,10-endo-a,b-succinic anhydride is the desired product.
The detailed mechanism of Diels-Alder reaction synthesis of 9,10-dihydroanthraceno-9,10-endo-a,b-succinic anhydride is given below:
The oxygen of the succinic anhydride acts as an electron acceptor and activates the carbonyl group, making it more electrophilic. This makes the carbonyl group attractive towards the electron-rich double bond of the anthracenylmethanol
The electron-rich double bond of the anthracenylmethanol attacks the carbonyl group of the succinic anhydride leading to the formation of a new ring. The new ring that forms is a six-membered ring.
The electrons in the pi bond of the six-membered ring shift to form the double bond in the five-membered ring, releasing the cyclic anhydride.
The cyclic anhydride formed in the previous step loses a molecule of water to form the desired product 9,10-dihydroanthraceno-9,10-endo-a,b-succinic anhydride.
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A chemist added hydrochloric acid to a sample of baking soda in a beaker. Immediately, the mixture of the two chemicals began to fizz and bubble. Which of the following observations about the fizzing mixture provides evidence of a chemical
reaction?
A. The temperature of the beaker did not change.
B. A substance escaped from the beaker in the form of a gas.
C. Some of the baking soda remained in the bottom of the beaker.
D. Most of the baking soda appeared to dissolve in the acid.
Answers
Answer: B
Explanation:
The observations about the fizzing mixture provide evidence of a chemical reaction is A substance escaped from the beaker in the form of a gas. The correct option is B.
What is a chemical reaction?A chemical reaction is a process of forming a compound from two substances. The substance that reacts to create a compound is called a reactant, and the compound that is formed after the reaction is called a product.
In a beaker, a chemist mixed hydrochloric acid with a sample of baking soda. The two chemicals together instantly started to bubble and fizz. Fizz is the bubbles that are made in the reaction, they are realized in the environment. Thus, they have escaped from the beaker.
Thus, the correct option is B. A substance escaped from the beaker in the form of a gas.
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In the equation D=M/V, what does the M stand for?
The subject is SCIENCE I put CHEMISTRY because it wouldn't let me move on.
Answers
Answer:
Mass
Explanation:
The formula for density is d = M/V, where d is density, M is mass, and V is volume.
what is the difference in chemical energy between organic and inorganic materials?
Answers
Answer:
the difference is the presence of a carbon atom
Explanation:
Which statement defines the heat capacity of a sample?
the temperature of a given substance
the temperature that a given sample can withstand
the quantity of heat that is required to raise the sample’s temperature by 1°C (or Kelvin)
the quantity of heat that is required to raise 1 g of the sample by 1°C (or Kelvin) at a given pressure
Answers
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Answer:
D. the quantity of heat that is required to raise 1 g of the sample by 1°C (or Kelvin) at a given pressure
Explanation:
Which would most likely be the pH of a highly-corrosive acid?
1
5
8
11
Answers
Answer:
1
Explanation
the lower the number the more acidic the solution
The most likely pH of a highly-corrosive acid is 1. Details about pH can be found below.
What is pH?pH refers to measure of acidity or alkalinity of a substance. It also refers to the concentration of hydrogen ions in a compound.
The pH has a range of 1 - 14
Where;
1 - 6 represents acidic8 - 14 represents alkalineThe lower the pH, the more acidic the substance while the higher the pH, the more alkaline the substance.
This suggests that the most likely pH of a highly-corrosive acid is 1.
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A certain element has a mass per mole of 196.967 g/mol. What is the mass of a single atom in (a) atomic mass units and (b) kilograms? (c) How many moles of atoms are in a 249-g sample? (a) matom U V (
Answers
The mass of a single atom of the given element can be calculated by dividing the molar mass (196.967 g/mol) by Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol).
(a) In atomic mass units (amu), the mass of a single atom is approximately 196.967 amu.
(b) To convert the mass to kilograms, we need to divide by the conversion factor of 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol and multiply by 1 kg/1000 g. The mass of a single atom in kilograms is approximately 3.272 x 10^-23 kg.
(c) To determine the number of moles in a 249-g sample, we divide the mass by the molar mass. Thus, there are approximately 1.265 moles of atoms in a 249-g sample.
In summary, the mass of a single atom of the given element is 196.967 atomic mass units (amu) and approximately 3.272 x 10^-23 kilograms (kg). The number of moles of atoms in a 249-g sample is approximately 1.265 moles. To calculate the mass of a single atom, we divide the molar mass by Avogadro's number, which gives us the mass in amu. To convert the mass to kilograms, we use the conversion factor and multiply by the mass in grams divided by 1000. To find the number of moles in a sample, we divide the mass of the sample by the molar mass of the element.
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Why is it important to know where a resource, that you're using, is renewable or nonrenewable?
Answers
Answer:
It is important to know if a resource is renewable or non-renewable because renewable resources are self-sustaining (unlike non-renewable resources). If a non-renewable resource is used too often, that resource may eventually become non-existant. This can also happen to renewable resources, but it is more difficult.
find the ph of a mixture of 10.0 ml of 0.00100 m solution of potassium hydroxide, koh and10.0 ml of distilled water.
Answers
The pH of a mixture of 10.0 ml of 0.00100 M solution of potassium hydroxide, KOH, and 10.0 ml of distilled water is 11.00.
To calculate the pH of the mixture using the formula for pH which is:
pH = -log[H⁺]
First, to find the concentration of hydroxide ions [OH⁻] in the given solution using the formula for the concentration which is given as follows:
Concentration (molarity) = Moles of solute/ volume of solution in Litres
Number of moles of KOH = molarity x volume
= 0.00100 mol/L x 0.0100 L = 1.00 x 10⁻⁵ mol
Concentration of KOH = 1.00 x 10⁻⁵5 mol / 0.010 L = 0.00100 M
For a neutral solution, the concentration of H⁺ ions is equal to the concentration of OH- ions.
Concentration of OH⁻ ions = 0.00100 M (since KOH is a strong base, it dissociates completely in water)
For a strong base like KOH,
pOH = -log[OH-] = -log (0.00100) = 3.00
Now, let's find pH using the formula for pH which is given below:
pH + pOH = 14.00
pH = 14.00 - pOH
pH = 14.00 - 3.00
pH = 11.00
Therefore, the pH of a mixture is 11.00.
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how many valance electrons does CL have
Answers
Answer:
7
Explanation:
An atom of a group 17 element such as chlorine has seven valence electrons. It is “eager” to gain an extra electron to fill its outer energy level and gain stability.
Determine the mass of nitrogen that is produced when 7.80 grams of dimitrogen tetrahydride reacts with hydrogen peroxide (H202). NaH. + 2H202 + N2 + 4H20
Answers
4.33 grams of nitrogen are produced when 7.80 grams of dinitrogen tetrahydride reacts with hydrogen peroxide.
To determine the mass of nitrogen (N2) produced when 7.80 grams of dinitrogen tetrahydride (NaH) reacts with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), we need to calculate the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation and use the molar masses of the compounds involved.
The balanced chemical equation is:
2NaH + 2H2O2 → N2 + 4H2O
From the equation, we can see that 2 moles of NaH react with 2 moles of H2O2 to produce 1 mole of N2. To find the molar mass of N2, we add the atomic masses of two nitrogen atoms:
Molar mass of N2 = 2 × Atomic mass of nitrogen = 2 × 14.01 g/mol = 28.02 g/mol
Now, let's calculate the number of moles of NaH:
Moles of NaH = Mass of NaH / Molar mass of NaH
Moles of NaH = 7.80 g / (22.99 g/mol + 1.01 g/mol) ≈ 0.3088 mol
According to the balanced equation, the molar ratio of NaH to N2 is 2:1. Therefore, the moles of N2 produced will be half the moles of NaH used:
Moles of N2 = 0.3088 mol / 2 ≈ 0.1544 mol
Finally, to find the mass of nitrogen produced, we multiply the moles of N2 by the molar mass of N2:
Mass of N2 = Moles of N2 × Molar mass of N2
Mass of N2 = 0.1544 mol × 28.02 g/mol ≈ 4.33 g
Therefore, approximately 4.33 grams of nitrogen are produced when 7.80 grams of dinitrogen tetrahydride reacts with hydrogen peroxide.
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33. Carrying capacity is the largest number of organisms of a particular
species that an ecosystem can support over time,
a true
b. false