Please show all steps and if using identities of any kind please
be explicit... I really want to understand what is going on here
and my professor is useless.
2. Ordinary least squares to implement ridge regression: Show that by using X = X | XI (pxp) [0 (PX₁)], we have T T BLS= ÂLs = (X¹X)-¹Ỹ¹ỹ = Bridge. =

Answers

Answer 1

Ridge regression is a statistical technique for analyzing data that deals with multicollinearity issues.

Ridge regression was created to address the multicollinearity issue in ordinary least squares regression by including a penalty term that restricts the coefficient estimates, resulting in a less-variance model.

By using the notation X = X | XI (pxp) [0 (PX₁)], we have the transpose of the ordinary least squares coefficient estimate as BLS = (X'X)^-1X'y = Bridge.

Ridge regression can be implemented by using ordinary least squares to estimate the parameters of the regression equation. In Ridge regression, we have to add an L2 regularization term, which is controlled by a hyperparameter λ, to the sum of squared residuals term in the ordinary least squares regression equation.

The ridge regression coefficients can be computed by solving the following equation:

B_Ridge = (X'X + λI)^-1X'y

Where X is the matrix of predictors, y is the response variable vector, λ is the penalty term, and I is the identity matrix.

In Ridge regression, we add an L2 penalty term (λ||B||2) to the sum of squared residuals term (||y - X'B||2) of the ordinary least squares regression equation. This results in a new equation: ||y - X'B||2 + λ||B||2, where λ >= 0. To minimize this equation, we differentiate it with respect to B and set it equal to zero. This gives us the following equation:

2X'(y - X'B) + 2λB = 0

Simplifying further, we get:

(X'X + λI)B = X'y

So the Ridge regression coefficients can be computed by solving this equation as given above. By using the notation X = X | XI (pxp) [0 (PX₁)], we can get the coefficients for Ridge regression using Ordinary least squares.

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Related Questions

Line w passes through the coordinate points (3,1) and (−6, −2). What is the slope of w?
F. −3
G. −1/3
H. 1/3
J. 1
K. 3

Answers

the answer will be H. 1/3

Multiply. Write each product in simplest form, 1 4/5 x 1/2

8/9
9/8
1 1/8
1/8

Answers

9/10 or 0.9

mark me brainliest if you feel like mine was helpful!! I hope that helped!

\(\frac{12x+2}{25} =\frac{10x+2}{21}\)

Answers

The expression (12x +2)/ 25 = (10x+2)/21 can be simplified so that the value of x= 2.

How can the expression be simplied?

The concept that will be used here is simplification. To simplify simply means to make anything easier. In mathematics, simplifying an equation, fraction, or problem means taking it and making it simpler. Calculations and problem-solving techniques simplify the issue.

We were given,  (12x +2)/ 25 = (10x+2)/21

then we can cross multiply as :

252x +42 = 250x +50

Then we collect the like terms as:

252x- 250x   = 50 - 42

2x = 8

x=4

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complete question:

simplify the expression and find the value of x?

If you ate 2.5 cups of this particular cereal, how many calories and grams of fiber would you be consuming? 190 calories, 7 grams fiber 380 calories, 14 grams fiber 475 calories, 17.5 grams fiber 570 calories, 21 grams fiber Nutrition Facts Amount per serving 190
Calories 190

Answers

If you ate 2.5 cups of the particular cereal, you would be consuming 475 calories and 17.5 grams of fiber.

This information can be found in the given nutrition facts, which state that a single serving contains 190 calories and 7 grams of fiber.

Since 2.5 cups is equivalent to approximately 5 servings, we can simply multiply the values by 5 to determine the total amount of calories and fiber in 2.5 cups.

Therefore, 5 servings of the cereal would provide 950 calories (190 x 5) and 35 grams of fiber (7 x 5).

Thus, 2.5 cups (or half of 5 servings) would provide half of the total amount of calories and fiber in the entire 5 servings.

Hence, 2.5 cups would provide approximately 475 calories (950 ÷ 2) and 17.5 grams of fiber (35 ÷ 2).

Therefore, if you ate 2.5 cups of this particular cereal, you would be consuming 475 calories and 17.5 grams of fiber.

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Are the ratios 2:1 and 12:7 equivalent?

Answers

Answer

A ratio obtained by multiplying or dividing the numerator and denominator of a given ratio by the same number is called an equivalent ratios.

Hope this helps you ;]

Step-by-step explanation:

How many times larger is 3x10^8 than 3x10^2

Answers

3x10^8 is 7 times larger than 3x10^2

Please find x and show work please!

Please find x and show work please!

Answers

The value of the side x is 7. 071

How to determine the value

It is important to note that there are six different trigonometric identities with their ratios.

They are;

sinecosinetangentcotangentsecantcosecant

sin θ = opposite/hypotenuse

cos θ = adjacent/hypotenuse

tan θ = opposite/adjacent

From the information given, we have that;

The side ,'x' is the hypotenuse side

The side '5' is the opposite side

Using the sine identity, we have;

sin 45 = 5/x

cross multiply the values

x = 7. 071

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Ravi bought 3 pens and 4 notebooks for $28. Lola bought 4 pens and 8
notebooks at the same store for $52. How much does one notebook cost?

Answers

Answer:

5.50 Each

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

3P + 4N = 28

6P+ 8N = 56

4P +8N  52

2P     = 4

P = 4/2 = 2  = $2

3(2)+4N = 28

4N = 28-6=22

N = 22/4 = 5.5= $5.50= cost of one notebook

what is the distance between point A located at "-412" and point B located at "-217"

Answers

412-217

195 units

Just subtract them and that would be the distance I’m pretty sure

Two 50-μm-wide slits spaced 0.25 mm apart are illuminated by blue laser light with a wavelength of 450 nm. The interference pattern is observed on a screen 2.0 m behind the slits.


How many bright fringes are seen in the central maximum that spans the distance between the first missing order on one side and the first missing order on the other side?

Answers

Answer:

your answer is 5.45 that is your answer

The number of 9 bright fringes is seen in the central maximum that spans the distance between the first missing order is 5 on one side and the first missing order on the other side

What are Arithmetic operations?

Arithmetic operations can also be specified by subtracting, dividing, and multiplying built-in functions.

Blue laser light with a wavelength of 450 nm illuminates two 50-m-wide slits positioned 0.25 mm apart. On a screen 2.0 m behind the slits, the interference pattern is visible.

For dark fringe, the equation as:

yp = p  λ L / d

for p =1

yp = λ× L/a

For bright fringe, the equation as:

ym = m  λL / d

from (i) and (ii)

For missing order, the equation as:

ym = yp

m λL / d = λ× L/a

m=d/a

m = 0.25×10⁻³/ (50×10⁻⁶)

m=5

The number of bright fringes, the equation as:

N-1=2(m-1)

N-1 = 2×4

N = 8 + 1

N=9

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Which two ordered pairs would represent points on a graph of 5x + 6y = 12?
A.(-3, 6)
B.(0, 2)
C.(5, 6). D.(6,-3)
E. (11, 12)

Answers

B. (0,2) and D. (6,-3)

How do you write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line that is perpendicular to a graph?.

Answers

The original slope's reciprocal will be the opposite of the perpendicular slope. To determine the intercept, b, enter the supplied point and the new slope into the slope-intercept form (y = mx + b). Rewrite the following equation in standard form: ax + by = c.

The values of the slope and y-intercept provide details on the relationship between the two variables, x and y. The slope shows how quickly y changes for every unit change in x. When the x-value is 0, the y-intercept shows the y-value.

Y = mx + b, where m denotes the slope and b the y-intercept, is how the equation of the line is expressed in the slope-intercept form. We can see that the slope of the line in our equation, y = 6x + 2, is 6.

The slope is m and the y-intercept is b in the equation y=mx+b in slope-intercept form. Some equations can also be rewritten so that they resemble slope-intercept form. For instance, y=x can be written as y=1x+0, resulting in a slope and y-intercept of 1 and 0, respectively.

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Describe some mathematical approaches to aggregate
planning.

Answers

Mathematical approaches to aggregate planning involve using quantitative methods to determine the optimal production and resource allocation strategies over a specified planning horizon. These approaches utilize mathematical models to optimize various factors such as production costs, inventory levels, and customer demand.

One mathematical approach to aggregate planning is linear programming, which formulates the planning problem as a linear optimization model. Linear programming considers constraints such as capacity limits, labor availability, and demand variability to find the best allocation of resources and production levels. The objective is to minimize costs or maximize profit while meeting demand requirements.

Another approach is the use of mathematical forecasting techniques to predict future demand. Time series analysis, regression analysis, and other statistical methods can be employed to forecast demand patterns. These forecasts serve as inputs to mathematical models, such as inventory control models or production planning models, which determine the optimal production levels and inventory policies based on the anticipated demand.

Simulation modeling is another mathematical approach where computer-based simulations are used to evaluate different scenarios and make decisions about production levels, inventory levels, and workforce scheduling. These models consider various factors like demand variability, production capacity, and resource availability to simulate the system's behavior and analyze the impact of different planning strategies.

Overall, mathematical approaches to aggregate planning provide a systematic and quantitative way to optimize production and resource allocation decisions, considering factors such as demand, capacity, costs, and constraints. These approaches help organizations make informed decisions to meet customer demand efficiently while minimizing costs and maximizing operational performance.

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A chord is 28 inches long in a circle with a
radius of 50 inches. Find the distance the
chord is from the center of the circle.
Distance=

Answers

Given that,

Length of a chord = 28 inches

Radius of the circle = 50 inches

To find,

The distance the chord from the center of the circle.

Solution,

Let the distance from the chord to the centre of circle is x.

It is denoted by OM.

Using Pythagoras theorem to find it.

\(50^2=28^2+x^2\\\\x=\sqrt{50^2-28^2} \\\\x=41.42\ \text{inches}\)

So, the distance from the chord to the centre of circle 41.42 inches

A chord is 28 inches long in a circle with aradius of 50 inches. Find the distance thechord is from the

When I subtract 3 from three times my number I get 12. Mystery number is...

Answers

Answer:

5

Step-by-step explanation:

(x times 3) minus 3

12 plus 3 is 15

15 divide by 3 is 5

Answer: 5

Step-by-step explanation:

5x3=15

15-3=12

The weekly salaries of elementary school teachers in one state are normally distributed with a mean of $595 and a standard deviation of $43. What is the probability that a randomly selected elementary school teacher earns more than $555 a week?

Answers

The probability that a randomly selected elementary school teacher earns more than $555 a week is approximately 0.8238 or 82.38%.

We can use the standard normal distribution to solve this problem by standardizing the value of $555 and finding its corresponding probability.

The standardized value of $555 is:

z = (x - μ) / σ = (555 - 595) / 43 = -0.93

where x is the weekly salary we're interested in, μ is the mean weekly salary, and σ is the standard deviation of weekly salaries.

We can now look up the probability of a standard normal random variable being greater than -0.93 in a standard normal distribution table, or use a calculator or statistical software. The probability is approximately 0.8238.

Therefore, the probability that a randomly selected elementary school teacher earns more than $555 a week is approximately 0.8238 or 82.38%.

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Name the steps of solving 5x+4=40

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

Simplifying

5x + -4 = 40

Reorder the terms:

-4 + 5x = 40

Solving

-4 + 5x = 40

Solving for variable 'x'.

Move all terms containing x to the left, all other terms to the right.

Add '4' to each side of the equation.

-4 + 4 + 5x = 40 + 4

Combine like terms: -4 + 4 = 0

0 + 5x = 40 + 4

5x = 40 + 4

Combine like terms: 40 + 4 = 44

5x = 44

Divide each side by '5'.

x = 8.8

Simplifying

x = 8.8

Calculate.
(2017 x 0.2018 x 2018 x 20.18)/(20.17 x 201.8 x 2.018)

Answers

Answer is:

2018

Have a good day :D

Explain, using diagrams, the Heaviside step function. Your explanation should include examples of the function shifted, scaled and summed. [9 marks] b) Solve the following second order differential equation and initial conditions for the time range shown using the following method. y" + y = u(t - 2), y(0) = 0 and y'(0) = 2. Osts.co D. The derivative property for Laplace transforms and [8 marks) il) The method of undetermined coefficients, note there will be 2 separate solutions [8 marks] Q2 Total [25 marks)

Answers

The Heaviside step function, often denoted as u(t), is a mathematical function that represents a unit step at t = 0. It is defined as follows:

u(t) = 0, for t < 0

u(t) = 1, for t ≥ 0

It is a piecewise-defined function that jumps from 0 to 1 at t = 0. It is widely used in engineering, physics, and mathematics to model sudden changes or switches in a system.

Examples of the Heaviside step function:

Shifted Heaviside step function:

u(t - a) represents a step function that occurs at t = a instead of t = 0. It has the same properties but is shifted along the time axis.

Scaled Heaviside step function:

b * u(t) represents a step function that is scaled by a factor of b. It jumps from 0 to b at t = 0.

Summed Heaviside step function:

u(t - a) + u(t - b) represents a combination of two shifted step functions occurring at different times a and b. It can be used to model systems with multiple switches or events.

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Mike has just purchased a new printer that came in a box with a surface area of 1,803.4 inches2. If the box is 23.5 inches long and 12.4 inches wide, what is the height of the box?

Answers

The height of the box is approximately 25.98 inches.

To find the height of the box, we can use the formula for the surface area of a rectangular prism:

Surface Area = 2lw + 2lh + 2wh

We are given that the surface area is 1,803.4 inches^2, the length is 23.5 inches, and the width is 12.4 inches. Let's substitute these values into the formula and solve for the height:

1,803.4 = 2(23.5)(12.4) + 2(23.5)h + 2(12.4)h

Simplifying the right-hand side of the equation, we get:

1,803.4 = 582.8 + 47h

Subtracting 582.8 from both sides, we get:

1,220.6 = 47h

Dividing both sides by 47, we get:

h ≈ 25.98

Therefore, the height of the box is approximately 25.98 inches.

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Help!!! You’ll get 25 points if you help me with this I really need your help on this Be honest and don’t give a random answer I really need this.

Help!!! Youll get 25 points if you help me with this I really need your help on this Be honest and dont

Answers

Answer:

i believe it is grid D

Step-by-step explanation:

if you look at grid D there is 10 little squares in each row you count by 10s there's 58 3 times on the grids. if i am wrong im sorry but hopefully this helps

Assuming that a + 2 = y, what is the property of:

a + 2 - 3 = y - 3

Answers

Answer: Subtraction Property

Step-by-step explanation:

For all real numbers x, y and z  

if x = y

then x − z = y − z

please give me a brainliest answer

Find the value of x ​in the given figure

Find the value of x in the given figure

Answers

Answer:

32°

Step-by-step explanation:

Its pretty strait forward.

2x + 60° + 3x - 40° = 180°

5x + 20° = 180°

5x = 160°

x = 160°/5

x = 32°

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Hannah bought one pound of strawberries for $5.60. What is the price, in dollars per ounce of strawberries?

Answers

Answer:

0.35

Step-by-step explanation:

we know that,

1 pound= 16 ounce

so,16 ounce strawberries cost's=5.60$

∴1 ounce strawberry cost's=5.60/16$

                                           =0.35$

solve for y (please)

solve for y (please)

Answers

Answer:

75-3.5y-4y=4y+6

75-7.5y=4y+6

69=11.5y

6=y

Step-by-step explanation:

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Answer:

\(75-3.5y-4y=4y+6\\75-7.5y=4y+6\\75-11.5y=6\\-11.5y=-69\\y= 6\)

Step-by-step explanation:

The function f(x) = -3x - 4 was replaced with f(x + k) resulting in the function g(x) = -3x - 13. What is the value of k? A. -9 B. -3 C. 3 D. 9

Answers

\(f(x+k)=-3(x+k)-4\)\(-3x-13=-3x-3k-4\)

then we need to solve the second equation for k

\(3k=-4+13=9\)

then the answer is C.

\(k=3\)

if carl's gpa is 2.2, his gpa has a z-score of [ select ] , and he has a higher gpa than approximately [ select ] of other students at uta. next

Answers

Using a standard normal distribution table, we can find that the percentage of values below a z-score of -1.6 is approximately 5.0%. Therefore, we can say that Carl has a higher GPA than approximately 95% of other students at UTA.

To determine Carl's z-score, we need to know the mean and standard deviation of GPAs at UTA. Without this information, we cannot calculate the z-score. However, we can still determine the percentage of other students at UTA who have a lower GPA than Carl. We can use a standard normal distribution table to find this percentage, assuming that GPAs at UTA are approximately normally distributed.

First, we need to calculate the z-score corresponding to Carl's GPA of 2.2. Assuming a mean GPA of 3.0 and a standard deviation of 0.5, we can use the formula: z = (x - μ) / σ

where x is Carl's GPA, μ is the mean GPA, and σ is the standard deviation. Plugging in the values, we get:

z = (2.2 - 3.0) / 0.5 = -1.6

Using a standard normal distribution table, we can find that the percentage of values below a z-score of -1.6 is approximately 5.0%. Therefore, we can say that Carl has a higher GPA than approximately 95% of other students at UTA.

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If two methods agree perfectly in a method comparison study, the slope equals ________ and the y-intercept equals ________.
a. 0.0, 1.0
b. 1.0, 0.0
c. 1.0, 1.0
d. 0.0, 0.0
e. 0.5, 0.5

Answers

If two methods agree perfectly in a method comparison study, the slope equals 1.0 and the y-intercept equals 0.0. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.

In a method comparison study, the goal is to compare the agreement between two different measurement methods or instruments. The relationship between the measurements obtained from the two methods can be described by a linear equation of the form y = mx + b, where y represents the measurements from one method, x represents the measurements from the other method, m represents the slope, and b represents the y-intercept.

When the two methods agree perfectly, it means that there is a one-to-one relationship between the measurements obtained from each method. In other words, for every x value, the corresponding y value is the same. This indicates that the slope of the line connecting the measurements is 1.0, reflecting a direct proportional relationship.

Additionally, when the two methods agree perfectly, there is no systematic difference or offset between the measurements. This means that the line connecting the measurements intersects the y-axis at 0.0, indicating that the y-intercept is 0.0.

Therefore, in a perfect agreement scenario, the slope equals 1.0 and the y-intercept equals 0.0, which corresponds to option (b).

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need help asap it’s about ratios that im not good at

need help asap its about ratios that im not good at

Answers

Answer:160

Step-by-step explanation:

3:1 the difference is 2 right now

80/2=40

multiply both sides by 40 to get 120:40

120-40=80

120+40=160

Every year, the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere increases by a factor of

Answers

about 0.5 percent per year
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