Learning psychologist Edward Tolman wanted to determine if mice learned a maze through trial and error or if the developed a "cognitive map" of the maze. Tolman placed a rat in the center of a circular space with 4 alternative corridors. If the rats were truly "guessing" a path, they should try each corridor an equal number of times. However, if the rats were developing a cognitive map, they should go down the far-right corridor more frequently than the others and go directly to the cheese.





Original Right

Observed 8 12

Expected 16 16



A. What are the null and alternative hypotheses?

B. Perform the analysis manually or using Excel or r.

C. Why is a Chi-Square called goodness of fit rather than a hypothesis test

D. What did Tolman find?

​

The three basic sources of power within any political system are force, influence, and authority. thus option A is the answer.

The three basic sources of power within any political system are force, influence, and authority. Force refers to the utilization of physical or coercive ability to accomplish political targets, while impact alludes to the capacity to convince or shape suppositions through different means, like media, publicity, or campaigning. Authority, then again, alludes to the power vested in a specific position or office, like chosen authorities or rulers, to simply decide and uphold regulations. These three wellsprings of force frequently cooperate and cover inside political frameworks, with various entertainers using various wellsprings of ability to accomplish their objectives. Understanding these wellsprings of force is essential to breaking down political frameworks and their elements.

Learn  more about political system:

https://brainly.com/question/4013614

#SPJ4

The correct question is:

What are the three basic sources of power within any political system?

A: force, influence, and authority

B: force, influence, and democracy

C: force, legitimacy, and charisma

D: influence, charisma, and bureaucracy

Yes, that is correct. The three basic sources within any political system are force, influence, and authority.

A political system is the kind of political structure that can be acknowledged, noted, or otherwise stated by a state. It outlines how official government decisions are made. Democracies, monarchies, and authoritarian and totalitarian regimes are the main categories of political structures. Totalitarian and authoritarian governments are more unstable from a political standpoint since their rulers do not possess legitimate power and instead impose terror on the populace.

Force refers to the use of physical or military power to enforce laws or maintain order. Influence refers to the ability to shape the opinions, beliefs, and behaviors of others through persuasion or coercion. Authority is the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce laws. These three sources interact and intersect in complex ways to shape the dynamics and functioning of a political system.

To learn more about Political system, click here:

https://brainly.com/question/30328761

#SPJ11

An attachment is the vital connections which makes an infant to have a positive emotional bond between its and a particular individual.

An attachment is essentially an emotional bond between tone person and another person.

It is a connection that helps to ensure closeness and feeling more secure when people are with another.

In conclusion, the attachment is the vital connections which makes an infant to have a positive emotional bond.

Read more about attachment

brainly.com/question/978078

During the Weimar Republic in Germany, culture flourished despite the many problems facing the government.

There are several reasons why this happened. Firstly, the Weimar Republic was a period of great social and cultural change in Germany, which provided a fertile ground for artistic expression. Artists were able to challenge the traditional values and conventions of German society, creating new forms of expression and experimentation in art, literature, music, and film. Secondly, the government encouraged artistic expression, seeing it as a way to help rebuild the nation after the devastation of World War I. The government provided funding for the arts, which allowed artists to continue their work even during difficult economic times. Thirdly, the Weimar Republic was a time of political freedom and democracy. This gave artists the freedom to express themselves without fear of censorship or persecution. They were able to explore controversial subjects and challenge the status quo, creating a vibrant cultural scene that reflected the diversity and complexity of German society. Overall, the flourishing of culture in the Weimar Republic was due to a combination of social and cultural change, government support, and political freedom. Despite the many problems facing the government, the arts continued to thrive, providing a rich and diverse cultural landscape that helped define the period.

To know more about Republic visit :-

https://brainly.com/question/12880388

#SPJ11

D. All of the above E A and C from above, only. The four criteria for negligence are All of the above.  The criteria for negligence include:

1) Duty: The defendant owed a duty of care to the plaintiff.

2) Breach of duty: The defendant breached their duty of care.

3) Proximate cause: The defendant's breach of duty was the direct cause of the plaintiff's injuries or damages.

4) Damages: The plaintiff suffered actual damages or harm as a result of the defendant's actions.

These criteria collectively establish the basis for a negligence claim. The defendant must have had a duty to exercise reasonable care, breached that duty, and caused harm or damages to the plaintiff. Additionally, the harm suffered by the plaintiff must be a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the defendant's actions.

Learn more about Breach of duty here:

https://brainly.com/question/31608765

#SPJ11

Answer:

Prince Zheng

Explanation:

He claimed the sacred title after uniting Ancient China and changed his name to Quin Shi Huang.

Hi. This question is incomplete, as you did not submit the sentences that should be analyzed. This makes it impossible for your question to be answered. However, when searching for your question on the internet, I was able to find another question exactly the same as yours that had the text in the image attached below. If that's the case for you, I hope the answer below will help you.

Answer:

You should swap the first and second sentences of place and put one in place of the other.

Explanation:

The text below will be more coherent if the first sentence is placed in place of the second sentence, while the second sentence is placed in place of the first sentence. This must be done, because from the third sentence on, the narrator starts telling information about Washington. Thus, all information about it must be close, giving fluidity to the text. The second sentence does not present information about Washington, but presents an introduction about the text itself and for that reason, the second sentence should be placed as the first sentence. While the first sentence, which presents information about Washington, must be placed in second place.

Yes, the Wisconsin constitution should be amended to require a nonpartisan system for redistricting legislative and congressional districts in the state.

The aim is to ensure fair and equal representation of all voters regardless of political affiliation or geographic location. The current system allows the political party in power to manipulate district boundaries for their own advantage, resulting in gerrymandered districts that often favor one party over the other and undermine the democratic process.

By implementing a nonpartisan system, the process would become more transparent, impartial, and reflective of the will of the people, rather than the interests of a particular political party. This would increase voter confidence in the integrity of the electoral process and strengthen democracy in Wisconsin.

Learn more about Wisconsin constitution: https://brainly.com/question/31062405

#SPJ11

ɪᴛ ɪꜱ ᴠᴇʀʏ ᴍᴜᴄʜ ɪᴍᴘᴏʀᴛᴀɴᴛ ᴛᴏ ᴜɴᴅᴇʀꜱᴛᴀɴᴅ ʜᴏᴡ ʜᴇᴀᴠɪʟʏ ɴᴇᴘᴀʟᴇꜱᴇ ʜᴀꜱ ʙᴇᴇɴ ɪʀʀɪɢᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴡɪᴛʜ ʙʀᴀᴠᴇʀʏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴅᴇᴠᴏᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏꜰ ꜱᴏɴ ᴏꜰ ɴᴇᴘᴀʟ ʟɪᴋᴇ ᴀᴍᴀʀ ꜱɪɴɢʜ ᴛʜᴀᴘᴀ ᴡʜᴏ ʟᴇꜰᴛ ɴᴏ ꜱᴛᴏɴᴇ ᴜɴᴛᴜʀɴᴇᴅ ꜰᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴇᴛᴛᴇʀᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴜɴᴛʀʏ, ᴀɴᴅ ʜᴏᴡ ᴛʜɪꜱ ᴄᴏᴜɴᴛʀʏ ʜᴀꜱ ʀᴇᴍᴀɪɴᴇᴅ ʜɪꜱᴛᴏʀɪᴄᴀʟʟʏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍɪʟɪᴛᴀʀɪʟʏ ᴀɴ “ᴜɴᴅᴇꜰᴇᴀᴛᴇᴅ ꜰᴏʀᴛ”.

Answer:

Disaster from the different perspective is described below in detail.

Explanation:

A disaster is a dangerous disturbance, occurring over a comparatively short time, of the functioning of a society or a community involving extensive human, matter, economic or environmental damage, and impacts.

Biological disaster: introduces to the disaster caused by the appearance of living organisms to viruses and toxic elements. For example, the bedspread of a disease, a virus, a pandemic, and a grasshopper plague. It refers to the class of natural calamities.

political disaster:

Any event influencing the normal life of any person or society of people is described as a political disaster.

socio-cultural-economic disaster:

Because of the event, the economic growth of the country goes down. This will result in a huge loss of properties and valuable things.

Kant's ethical philosophy is grounded in the principle of universalizability and the categorical imperative, which emphasize the importance of moral duties and the inherent value of truthfulness.  "It is wrong to tell a lie." The correct option is C.

According to Kant, lying is considered morally impermissible as it violates the categorical imperative, which states that individuals should act only according to maxims that could be universally applied without contradiction.

Lying, by its nature, involves treating others as a mere means to an end and undermines the fundamental principle of truthfulness. Thus, Kant would argue that lying is inherently unethical, regardless of cultural context or potential benefits.  The correct option is C.

Learn more about philosophy

https://brainly.com/question/32416118

#SPJ11

Answer:

Explanation:Gyarsi Bai Sahariya.

Shyam Sunder Paliwal.

Yudhvir Singh.

Hindu Singh Sodha

Jalisa feels inferior to the people around her, but she tries to act like she is powerful and in control. adler would say that Jalisa is experiencing masculine protest.

Male protest refers to any tendency to cover up feelings of inferiority or inadequacy through exaggerated overt aggressive behavior and is particularly associated with human females in Alfred Adler's psychology. This tendency is to escape from the female role by assuming a masculine role and by dominating others broadly.

Men experience masculine protest when they embrace an excessively masculine sense of self while denying any sense of femininity, including their feelings. Male protest is an effort to overcome inadequacy in both sexes.

According to Broude, protest masculinity is characterized mostly by physical aggression and destructiveness. This behavior is said to be an unconscious defensive reaction to internal conflict or uneasiness over a person's male identity.

To know more about Alfred Adler: https://brainly.com/question/14308709

#SPJ4

Answer:

its c encouraging women’s education

Explanation:

did it on edg.

The correct option is C. Besides distributing food, encouraging women’s education is another role of the UN’s Food for Girls’ Education Programme.

Since 2007, the UN World Food Programme's (WFP) Food For Girls' Education Programme has been tackling hunger and enrollment challenges in Yemen, where more than 60 percent of primary school-aged children who are not in school are girls.

The World Food Programme (WFP), which provides food aid in times of emergencies and works with communities to improve nutrition and develop resilience, is the top humanitarian organization, helping 80 million people annually in about 80 different countries.

WFP, which was established in 1963, is the main UN organization that reacts to food emergencies and has initiatives to fight hunger all over the world. The ECOSOC page above includes reports from the WFP's Executive Board and on its yearly performance.

Learn more about the UN World Food Programme's (WFP) Food For Girls' Education Programme here:

https://brainly.com/question/21332881

#SPJ2

The statement " von hayek agrees with galbraith’s general conclusion regarding the dependence effect. " is true asthe economy may be too complex to consider aggregates.

Hayek accepted that expansionary strategy was hazardous and could prompt extreme expansion.Milton Friedman advocated for monetary policy adjustments to influence economic expansion. Friedrich Hayek is well-known as an eminent and well-known Austrian economist. He was born in Vienna.

He presented his economy hypothesis which won 1974 Nobel Prize for the Financial aspects class. According to his theory, private investment should be favored over government spending and investment. Theoretically, a state would become more progressive. He has additionally speculations about cash vacillations and exhibitions. He is a socialist as well.

To learn about von hayek

https://brainly.com/question/14416672

#SPJ4

She concluded that Hawaii receives more rain than Washington and Oregon. The following scenario shows the Sochi transition concrete-operational principle. Here option D is the correct answer.

The concrete-operational stage is a developmental stage in which children develop logical and organized thinking. In this stage, children are able to perform mental operations and solve problems that involve concrete objects and situations. Sochi, in this scenario, is demonstrating the concrete-operational principle of transitivity.

Transitivity is the ability to understand the relationships among different objects or concepts in a logical sequence. In this case, Sochi is able to use her knowledge of the relationships between the amounts of rainfall in Hawaii, Washington, and Oregon to make a logical conclusion about the amount of rainfall in Hawaii compared to that in Washington and Oregon. She is able to apply the principle of transitivity to solve this problem and draw an accurate conclusion.

This ability to understand and apply logical principles is an important milestone in cognitive development. It allows children to solve problems in a systematic way and make logical inferences. As children continue to develop, they will be able to apply these principles to more complex and abstract concepts, leading to further growth in their cognitive abilities.

To learn more about the concrete-operational stage

https://brainly.com/question/27395429

#SPJ4

Complete question:

Nine-year-old Sochi is studying weather differences in the United States. She learns that it rains more in Hawaii than it does in Washington and more in Washington than it does in Oregon. Therefore, she concludes that it rains more in Hawaii than it does in Washington and Oregon. Which concrete-operational principle is Sochi demonstrating in the following scenario

A) Conservation

B) Reversibility

C) Classification

D) Transitivity

The fact that babies exhibit physical aggression is evidence that such behavior is natural.

This is the term that is used to describe certain behaviors that are not learned by a person. These are the types of behaviors that may be seen to be innate in a person. They are born with humans and exhibited among a lot of humans.

Babies for instance are known to show aggression where they may bite or want to fight sometimes. This shows that they have qualities of aggression in them because the behavior was not learned.

Read more on natural behaviors here:

https://brainly.com/question/17430865

#SPJ1

According to self-discrepancy theory, Depression is the most likely emotion to arise from discrepancies between our ought and actual selves.

Self-Discrepancy According to theory, psychological anguish occurs when a person's true self and their ideal self are psychologically far from one another. Higgins created the theory in the 1980s. Numerous diverse aspects of the self or self-images have been discovered over time. There are descriptions of two "actual" selves: the kind of person a person thinks they actually are and the kind of person they think other people think they actually are. The term "others" can refer to specific individuals or the collective other.

To know more about self-discrepancy theory:

https://brainly.com/question/28275338

#SPJ4

The deity or goddess who delivered plentiful harvests is mismatched for the job. Osiris is the king of the dead.

We reap whatever you sow throughout the harvest. To harvest something as a verb implies to pick or gather it. Your sweet corn might be harvested in the latter summer months. Harvest, as used as a noun, refers to the period of the year when plants are mature and prepared for harvest.

Definition. The act of gathering a plant's valuable part or parts is known as the harvest. It is a human intervention that is done on a voluntary basis at a moment when all of the nutrients have formed and

To know more about harvest visit:

brainly.com/question/17588366

#SPJ4

Answer:  the eastern woodlands have 4 seasons including cold winters and hot summers. it has lots of rain, which keeps rivers running, and forests growing.

Explanation:

Answer :     The Indians in the Eastern Woodlands lived in the east of the Plains . These Indians , like many others  they depended on natural resources around them for anything they needed . Also because they lived in the East Woodlands they were called Eastern Woodland Indians , Everybody seemed to find that name easier to remember and the Indians didnt seem to mind .  

Hoped I helped -

Sleepy~                                                                                                                  

Answer:

B) Buddhism combined with Hinduism to create a new religion/

Explanation:

Its right on edge 2020

Answer: It is not B it is C

Explanation: get it right unless you want to get it wrong

Answer:

Correct answer is A.  adopted many aspects of Chinese culture and practices.

Explanation:

The only correct option is A as Chinese culture was spread across different regions, including Vietnam, which adapted many of its customs.

B is not correct as Vietnam didn't have developed maritime trade.

C is not correct as Islam was not dominant religion in China. Actually, there were practically no Muslims.

D is not correct as education was not widespread, neither in China, neither in Vietnam.

Answer: A)

Explanation: Adopted many aspects of Chinese culture and practices

C) a single person family. A single person family is likely to have the least need for a large amount of life insurance compared to other types of families.

Life  insurance is primarily intended to provide financial protection and support for dependents or loved ones in the event of the policyholder's death.

In a single person family, there are typically no dependents or immediate family members who rely on the individual's income for financial support. As a result, there may be less need for a large life insurance policy to cover potential financial obligations or replace lost Income.

Blended families ( A), which consist of individuals who have remarried and have children from previous relationships, may have increased financial responsibilities towards multiple dependents, making life insurance more important to ensure adequate financial protection for all family members.

Traditional families ( B) typically include a married couple and dependent children. They may have a higher need for life insurance to provide financial support for the spouse and children in case of the policyholder's death.

Sandwiched families ( D), also known as "sandwich generation" families, refer to those who have the responsibility of caring for both their own children and aging parents. These families may require larger life insurance coverage to address the financial needs of multiple generations.

It's important to note that individual circumstances may vary, and the need for life insurance should be evaluated based on factors such as financial obligations, dependents, and long-term financial goals. Consulting with a financial advisor or insurance professional can provide personalized guidance on determining the appropriate amount of life insurance coverage.

Learn more about Income here:

https://brainly.com/question/14732695

#SPJ11

Answer:

Universal manhood suffrage is a form of voting rights in which all adult male citizens within a political system are allowed to vote, regardless of income, property, religion, race, or any other qualification. It is sometimes summarized by the slogan, "one man, one vote".

Answer:

Explanation:

Universal manhood suffrage is a form of voting rights in which all adult male citizens within a political system are allowed to vote, regardless of income, property, religion, race, or any other qualification. It is sometimes summarized by the slogan, "one man, one vote".

Answer:

Sorry Wish we could Be More of An Assistance - Brainly Management

Explanation:

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Based on the information in the table, the three statements that are probably true are:

1. Data are missing for some categories and countries.

2. A GNI per capita, PPP (2017) of under 1100 is consistent with an income of less than $3.10 a day.

3. There is room for improvement in the Under Age 5 Mortality Rate (2016).

The table provides information on various indicators for different countries, and it is evident that data are missing for some categories and countries. This means that the information presented is not comprehensive and may not provide a complete picture.

Additionally, the table shows that a GNI per capita, PPP (2017) of under 1100 is consistent with an income of less than $3.10 a day. GNI per capita is a measure of average income, and a value below 1100 indicates a low income level, which aligns with an income of less than $3.10 a day. This suggests that a significant portion of the population in these countries may be living in poverty.

Furthermore, the table indicates that there is room for improvement in the Under Age 5 Mortality Rate (2016). The Under Age 5 Mortality Rate is a measure of the number of deaths per 1,000 live births in children under the age of five. The fact that there is room for improvement suggests that the mortality rate for children under the age of five is still relatively high in some countries, indicating a need for further efforts to improve healthcare and reduce child mortality.

Learn more about GNI per capita

brainly.com/question/32134764

#SPJ11

Real-world studies have an advantage in  A.their high ecological validity, which allows for greater generalizability of results to real-life settings and situations.

An advantage of studies that are conducted in real-world settings is that they are high in ecological validity. Ecological validity refers to the degree to which the findings of a study can be generalized to real-life settings and situations. Studies conducted in real-world settings are often able to replicate the complexities and nuances of the real world, which allows for greater ecological validity. This means that the results of these studies are more likely to reflect what would happen in the real world, as opposed to a laboratory setting.

While studies conducted in laboratories have their own advantages, such as greater control over variables and the ability to establish cause and effect relationships, they may lack ecological validity. Real-world studies also provide the opportunity for researchers to observe behavior in its natural setting and can potentially lead to the discovery of new variables that were not previously considered in laboratory settings. Therefore, studies conducted in real-world settings can be highly valuable in informing interventions and policies that are aimed at improving real-world outcomes.

Learn more about ecological validityhere :-

https://brainly.com/question/31916265

#SPJ11