Assuming 100% efficiency of energy conservation, how many moles of ATP can be synthesized under standard conditions by the complete oxidation of 1 mol of glucose?
Answers
The complete oxidation of 1 mole of glucose under standard conditions can yield a maximum of 38 moles of ATP assuming 100% efficiency of energy conservation.
In cellular respiration, glucose is broken down through a series of metabolic reactions, including glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle or TCA cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation. These processes result in the production of ATP.
During glycolysis, 2 moles of ATP are generated directly through substrate-level phosphorylation. The subsequent steps in the Krebs cycle produce high-energy carriers in the form of NADH and FADH2.
These carriers, along with oxygen, are used in the electron transport chain (part of oxidative phosphorylation) to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Each NADH molecule can generate approximately 2.5-3 moles of ATP, while each FADH2 molecule can produce approximately 1.5-2 moles of ATP.
Considering the stoichiometry and energy yield of these processes, it is estimated that, on average, the complete oxidation of 1 mole of glucose can yield a net total of approximately 36-38 moles of ATP under standard conditions if energy conservation is 100% efficient.
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Related Questions
true or false: the macula utriculi are oriented horizontally on the floor of the utricle.
Answers
True. The macula utriculi are sensory receptors located on the floor of the utricle in the inner ear.
They are responsible for detecting changes in linear acceleration and head position. These receptors are oriented horizontally in the utricle, which allows them to detect changes in horizontal movements.
The macula utriculi contain hair cells that are embedded in a gel-like substance called the otolithic membrane. When the head moves, the otolithic membrane moves with it, causing the hair cells to bend and sending signals to the brain that help us maintain balance and stability.
Understanding the anatomy and function of the macula utriculi is important in diagnosing and treating disorders of the inner ear that can cause balance problems.
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A person has one of their lower arms removed in a procedure known as an amputation. After this, what will be the total number of bones in their appendicular skeleton?
Answers
A person has one of their lower arms removed in a procedure known as an amputation therefore the total number of bones in their appendicular skeleton will be 125.
What is a Skeleton?This is referred to as the structural frame that supports the body of an animal and it consists of bones which are living tissues and help provide structural integrity. They are also involved in the movement of various parts of the body for our daily activities.
The adult human skeleton is made up of 206 bones while the total number of bones in their appendicular skeleton is 126 and we were told that amputation occurred which led to the loss of one of the lower arms.
This therefore means that the total number of bones in their appendicular skeleton will be 126 - 1 = 125 which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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A biotechnology researcher might work on what?
1. Creating biofuels
2. Designing new hospital beds
3. Testing blood for disease
4. Using MRI machines
Answers
Answer:
A biotechnology researcher might work on creating biofuels (First option).
Explanation:
A biotechnology researcher, or biotechnologist, has the ability and tools to use organic matter and living beings for the manufacture of products, applying the technology.
A biotechnologist can work in the agricultural industry, pharmaceuticals, or developing products for environmental protection, such as biofuels.
Biotechnology is a science applied to the manufacture of new and sustainable products, through molecular and biochemical research of organic material, plants and animals, for this purpose.
The other options are not correct because:
2. The design new hospital beds depends on hospital engineering.
3. Testing blood for diseases are performed by a bioanalyst or laboratory technician.
4. Using MRI machines is performed by a radiologist or radiology technician.
Answer:
A: Creating Biofuels.
Explanation:
the insulin receptor undergoes autophosphorylation (phosphorylation of itself) in response to insulin binding as shown in the diagram above. what is true about the autophosphorylation process?
Answers
The process of autophosphorylation is affected by the binding of insulin on its receptor.
The first thing that happens after the insulin binding is that the insulin receptor undergoes beta-subunit autophosphorylation which is critical for controlling the activity of receptor-associated kinases toward external substrates. It may even be involved in the transmission of biological signals from insulin. Insulin receptor occupancy has a significant impact on receptor autophosphorylation.
Each subunit phosphorylates its partner when an agonistic ligand binds, causing the tyrosine residues to undergo autophosphorylation. A binding site for the insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) is created by the addition of the phosphate groups, and it is then activated.
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For scanning a slide, power is usually used.
Answers
6 th grade science lol
is mars Held in orbit by the gravitational pull of a planet
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Jupiter holds Mars in place and the reason Mars has moons is that Jupiter astroids at Mars so Mars can pull them with its gravity.
Give me Brainllest
Plz can some one help me?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
the answer in A) Class Orcinus
How was it determined that DNA (rather than something else, e.g. protein) was likely to carry information related to heritable traits
Answers
The discovery that DNA (rather than something else, e.g. protein) was likely to carry information related to heritable traits came from a series of experiments conducted by several scientists over several decades.
Heritable traits are characteristics or traits that are passed down from parents to offspring through genetic material, such as DNA. These traits can be physical or behavioral and can influence an individual's appearance, abilities, and susceptibility to certain diseases.
Heritable traits are determined by variations in DNA sequences, called alleles, that code for different versions of a specific gene. In sexual reproduction, offspring inherit half of their genetic material from each parent, and the combination of alleles from both parents determines the traits of the offspring.
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which best describe how mRNA is used by a cell
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-base code “words,” each of which specifies a particular amino acid. Translation is the whole process by which the base sequence of an mRNA is used to order and to join the amino acids in a protein.
hope it helps, plz try not to copy my content
Plzz help. Finding answers from smart people plzz. Will give Brainiest.
Answers
1) According to the diagram, divergence among mammals took place about 75 mya.
2) Scientists are able to determine common ancestors by studying molecular data.
3) Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection states that animals change over long periods of time.
4) Scientists are closesly studing how genes reorganize themselves.
5) Some scientists, however, think new species evolve quickly.
6) Still, among scientists, the principles of natural selection remain unchanged and highlight how animals evolve.
7) The main tool for the study of evolution is careful observation of fossils and the anatomy of animals.
8) Scientists also study animal embryology.
9) What no one doubts is the wide diversity among organisms on Earth.
10) The divergence that took place among mammals helps us understand why whales and dolphins are mammals and not fish.
Fun fact: Uh, I happen to discover a whole packet of answer keys, not just for this but also for other assignments and stuff. (O.O)
ASAP
Which of the following correctly describes Anaphase?
A. Mitotic spindle attaches to the chromosome's centromeres and lines them up in the middle of the cell.
B. Chromosomes split and move to opposite sides of the cell, the cell elongates
C. Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell, nuclear envelop dissolves, chromosomes form
D. The Cytoplasm splits, forming two daughter cells
Answers
because basically the cell gets long like an egg so that it can split to form the two daughter cells that option D mentions
Anaphase is the phase of the mitotic and meiotic cell division. In this phase of the cell division, chromosomes split and move towards the opposite poles. Thus, option B is correct.
What is anaphase?Anaphase is the third stage of cell division, preceded by the prophase and the metaphase. In this stage, the chromosomes aligned before start splitting and move towards the opposite poles of the cells. This causes the cell to elongate and prepares itself to divide in the next step.
Therefore, in anaphase, the aligned chromosomes start splitting.
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which organisms share a family
Answers
Answer:Amoeba and Euglena are more closely related to each other than any other pair of organisms as they both belong to the Phylum Protista and show similar characteristics.
Explanation:
how do vaccines convey long-term immunity to some pathogens? how do vaccines convey long-term immunity to some pathogens? vaccines stimulate the formation of complement. vaccines stimulate lymphocytes to secrete mucus. memory cells vaccines stimulate the formation of antigens.
Answers
Vaccines contain weakened or inactive parts of a particular organism (antigen) that triggers an immune response within the body.
An organism is a living, individual being that can carry out all the necessary life processes to sustain itself. These processes include growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli from the environment. In biology, organisms are classified into different kingdoms, including bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals, based on their characteristics and cellular structures.
Organisms are composed of cells, which are the basic units of life. Some organisms are unicellular, meaning they are made up of a single cell, while others are multicellular, consisting of many specialized cells that work together to perform different functions. Organisms can vary greatly in size, from microscopic bacteria to large mammals. They can also live in a wide range of environments, including land, water, and air.
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Q) Explain the term ; Diatomaceous Earth
Answers
Answer:
This is a natural rock that is easily smashed into a fine white to off-white powder.
Explanation:
It has a particle size ranging from less than 3 um to more than 1 mm.
Hope it helps.
Salivary amylase is an enzyme found in the mouth. It breaks down starch into sugars. Which of these best explains why salivary amylase does not break down proteins?.
Answers
The best option that explains that why salivary amylase does not break down proteins is that proteins do not have the right substrate for the enzymes.
In the field of biology, we can describe enzymes as biological catalysts that are used to speed up a reaction. Each enzyme is specific for a reaction because the active site of an enzyme is specific for a particular reactant.
As salivary amylase is an enzyme that is specific for breaking down starch because its active site is specific for the starch reactants, hence the amylase enzyme will not work for proteins. The protein reactants will not fit into the active site of the salivary amylase enzyme.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Salivary amylase is an enzyme found in the mouth. It breaks down starch into sugars. Which of these best explains why salivary amylase does not break down proteins?
a) The enzyme is the wrong substrate for proteins
b) proteins do not have the right substrate for the enzymes.
c) Proteins do not have the proper active site for the enzyme to work on them.
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What event occurred on Day 4 to cause the drop in the number of light red kidney beans?
Answers
Answer:
The color of the light changed
Explanation:
Correct on edge
Answer:
D: The color of the light changed
Explanation:
Edge
What are the names of three processes that make new cells?
Answers
Answer:
Cellular differentiation, cell division, morphogenesis
A carnivore that eats other carnivores is a...
Answers
Answer:
canibal or carnivore
Explanation:
if you meat. you're a carnivore
What climate conditions occur during La Niña?
O stronger prevailing winds and more hurricane activity
O warmer Pacific waters and warmer winters
O more hurricane activity and warmer Pacific waters
warmer winters and stronger prevailing winds
Answers
Answer:
Stronger prevailing winds and more hurricane activity .
Answer:
A: stronger prevailing winds and more hurricane activity
Explanation:
Just took Edge 2021 test
The internal structure of a leaf. Where does most photosynthesis occur?
Answers
The graph on the right is the blood oxygen graph. Using that and your knowledge of cellular respiration and the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide, what can you say about the rate of carbon dioxide production when you exercise?(did it increase or decrease? Did it stay the same? Did it change quickly? Did it change very slowly?)why do you think this happens? Please help me
Answers
The rate of carbon dioxide production increases when you exercise because of the process of cellular respiration.
What is cellular respiration?Cellular respiration is the process in which glucose combines with oxygen forming waste products such as carbon dioxide and water along with the energy in the form of ATP molecules which are used by the cell. We know that cell is the structural and functional unit of life and every cell requires energy to perform its activities. Respiration takes place at the smallest level of our body i.e. at the cellular level. Respiration is the opposite process of photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, food is produced from the combination of carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light.
So we can conclude that due to the process of cellular respiration, the rate of carbon dioxide production increases when you exercise.
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T/F The amino acid sequence Leu-His-Leu-Asp-Ala-Gln-Ser-Lys-Leu-Ser-Ser is a signal sequence that directs proteins to the ER.
Answers
Proteins are directed to the ER by the amino acid sequence Leu-His-Leu-Asp-Ala-Gln-Ser-Lys-Leu-Ser-Ser. This statement is true.
This signal sequence is usually located at the N-terminus of the protein and is recognized by the signal recognition particle (SRP), which binds to the sequence and targets the ribosome-nascent chain complex to the ER membrane.
Once the ribosome-nascent chain complex reaches the ER membrane, the SRP binds to its receptor on the ER membrane, and the nascent polypeptide chain is translocated across the ER membrane through a protein channel called the translocon. The signal sequence is then removed from the protein by a signal peptidase enzyme located in the ER membrane.
The presence of this signal sequence is essential for the correct localization and function of many secreted and membrane proteins, making it an important element of protein trafficking and secretion pathways in eukaryotic cells.
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i already know just asking questions whoever get's it right first get's brainliest
what is the basic unit of life
Answers
Answer:
Cells are the most basic building units of life. All living things are composed of of cells
Question 1: Basic Solow Growth Model Consider the Solow growth model without population growth or technological change. All the assumption of basic Solow Growth model applies (the ones we discussed in class). The saving rate is given by s and and the depreciation rate is given by (δ). The production function is given by Y=K
α
L
(1−α)
. Let k denote capital per worker, y denote output per worker, c denote consumption per worker, and i denote investment per worker. 1. What is the per-worker production function? 2. Provide equation of motion for this model. 3. Find the steady-state capital per worker (k
∗
). 4. Find the steady-state level of output per worker (y
∗
). 5. Find the steady-state level of consumption per worker (c
∗
). 6. Draw a well-labeled figure showing steady state capital per worker, steady state output per worker, and steady-state consumption per worker. (You will not receive full credit if it is not well-labeled) 7. In your own words, explain two implications of this Basic Solow Growth Model (no population growth and no technological growth).
Answers
1.The per-worker production function in the Basic Solow Growth Model can be written as: Y = K * α * L * (1 - α)
where Y is output per worker, K is capital per worker, L is labor, and α is the elasticity of output with respect to capital. 2.The equation of motion for this model is: dY/dt = s(Y-c) - (δ+1)K. where s is the savings rate, c is consumption per worker, δ is the depreciation rate, and t is time.
3.The steady-state capital per worker (k∗) is given by:
k∗ = δ + 1
4.The steady-state level of output per worker (y∗) is given by:
y∗ = αk∗L
where α is the elasticity of output with respect to capital.
5.The steady-state level of consumption per worker (c∗) is given by:
c∗ = s(y∗-L)
6.A well-labeled figure showing steady state capital per worker, steady state output per worker, and steady-state consumption per worker would include the following:
Steady-state capital per worker (k∗) on the x-axis and steady-state output per worker (y∗) on the y-axis.
A line showing the relationship between capital and output in the steady state.
A point representing the steady-state level of capital per worker (k∗) and a point representing the steady-state level of output per worker (y∗).
A line showing the relationship between consumption and output in the steady state.
A point representing the steady-state level of consumption per worker (c∗) and a point representing the steady-state level of output per worker (y∗).
Labels for each point and line, including the variables they represent and the equations that relate them.
7.The implications of the Basic Solow Growth Model with no population growth and no technological growth are:
The economy grows at a constant rate determined by the rate of return on investment in capital.
The steady-state level of output per worker is determined by the elasticity of output with respect to capital and the level of capital per worker.
The steady-state level of consumption per worker is determined by the savings rate and the level of output per worker.
The model predicts that there is a positive relationship between capital and output, and a negative relationship between consumption and output in the steady state.
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HELP ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!! Genetic variation led to to one plant surviving and reproducing when the other did not. This variation was in... *picture also attatched
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
if a sponge was treated with a drug that specifically inhibited the activity of neuros and nothing else, what imoact would you predict that this would on the sponge
Answers
Sponges belong to the Phylum Porifera and hence are one of the most primitive organisms. The sponge would not be impacted by the drug.
Their bodies are asymmetrical. frame form can be cylindrical, vase-like, rounded or sac-like. they're diploblastic animals with layers, the outer dermal layer and the internal gastral layer. there's a gelatinous, non-cell mesoglea, in among these layers.
The phylum Porifera comprises the sponges. Sponges are simple invertebrate animals that live in aquatic habitats. despite the fact that the general public of sponges are marine, some species stay in freshwater lakes and streams.
Most sponges are hermaphroditic male and female cells exist in one animal and reproduce by using freeing spermatozoan into the water present day to be carried to other sponges, wherein they interact with eggs. Sponges also can reproduce.
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mammalian viruses capable of starting tumors are ______. select one: a. chronic latent viruses b. oncoviruses c. syncytia d. inclusion bodies
Answers
The correct answer is b. oncoviruses. Understanding the mechanisms and effects of oncoviruses is crucial in developing strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of virus-induced cancers.
Mammalian viruses that are capable of starting tumors are commonly referred to as oncoviruses. These viruses have the ability to transform normal cells into cancerous cells by altering the cell's genetic material and disrupting normal cellular functions. Examples of oncoviruses include human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV).
Oncoviruses can cause persistent infections in the host, leading to chronic inflammation and cellular damage, which can ultimately result in the development of tumors. They may introduce oncogenes (genes that promote cell growth and division) into the host cell's genome or disrupt tumor suppressor genes (genes that regulate cell growth and prevent tumor formation). These genetic alterations can lead to uncontrolled cell division and the formation of tumors.
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Oncoviruses are mammalian viruses capable of causing tumours. They can manipulate the host cell growth cycle to create unregulated growth leading to cancer.
Explanation:The question centres on a classification of mammalian viruses that are capable of inducing tumorous growths. The correct answer is b. oncoviruses. Oncoviruses, also known as oncogenic viruses, interject their own genes into a host cell and affect the cell growth cycle. A few examples of these viruses include the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), which can lead to cervical cancer, and the Hepatitis B virus, which can lead to liver cancer. On the other hand, chronic latent viruses such as herpes simplex virus can remain dormant inside the cell but do not necessarily cause tumors. Therefore, it is important to understand the capabilities of both types of viruses in relation to disease manifestation.
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Which of these statements is true? A Places on the same longitude have the same day length on any given day. B The local time will be same for all places on the same latitude. C At 00 longitude, at some time, it would be noon to the east and midnight to the west. D The maximum time difference between any two places will be just below 24 hours.
Answers
Answer:
A Places on the same longitude have the same day length on any given day
Explanation:
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true or false: small rnas likely evolved to protect the genome.
Answers
Small RNAs likely evolved to protect the genome.
The given statement is True.
Plants' development, metabolism, preservation of genome integrity, defence against pathogens, and reactions to abiotic stress are all controlled by a variety of biological processes by small RNAs. Small RNAs are thought to be important regulators of pathogen-plant interactions, according to mounting data.
In the cell cytoplasm, messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA bind to regulate gene expression primarily. The indicated mRNA will not be promptly translated into a protein; instead, it will either be discarded and its parts recycled, or it will be kept and translated later.
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Which of the following is NOT observed at any point during mitosis?
Microtubule polymerization
Microtubule depolymerization
kinesin-like motor protein activity
Dynein-like motor protein activity
None of the above; All are observed during mitosis
Answers
The **NOT observed** event during mitosis is: **None of the above; All are observed during mitosis**.
In the process of mitosis, kinesin-like motor proteins play a crucial role in the proper segregation of chromosomes. These proteins interact with microtubules, assisting in the formation and function of the mitotic spindle. Since kinesin-like motor protein activity is indeed observed during mitosis, the correct answer is that all options listed are observed during mitosis. The purpose of mitosis is to create two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell, ensuring accurate distribution of genetic material. The involvement of motor proteins, such as kinesin, is essential for this process to be completed successfully.
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