An example of a chemical change is
A dew disappearing from the grass
B mashing potatoes
C a magnet sticking to the refrigerator
D frying a hamburger

Answer:

The answer is B

Explanation:

A solution that contains a relatively low concentration of solute is called dilute, and one with a relatively high concentration is called concentrated. If we add more salt to a saturated solution of salt, we see it fall to the bottom and no more seems to dissolve.

It is false that if a question is asking about an opinion, it can be answered with science.

A personal belief or assumed that is not tested or backed up by evidence is described as an opinion.

A hypothesis is typically a claim based on some form of observation or evidence. Hypotheses must be testable and, once tested, evidence-supported.

Any question that is based on opinion cannot be answered by scientific reasonings as it is not evidence based.

Thus, the given statement is false.

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Answer:

82.1 kilograms

Explanation:

divide 181 by 2.205 to convert

Answer:

Heat treatment is the process of heating metal without letting it reach its molten, or melting, stage, and then cooling the metal in a controlled way to select desired mechanical properties. Heat treatment is used to either make metal stronger or more malleable, more resistant to abrasion or more ductile.

According to the balanced chemical equation, 2 moles of potassium permanganate produces 5 moles or oxidizes 5 moles of sulphite to sulphate ions. As a result, there are 0.639 moles of potassium.

In alkaline solution, KMnO4 reduces to green K₂MnO₄: 4 KMnO₄ + 4 KOH 4 K₂MnO₄ + O₂ + 2 H₂O. This reaction exemplifies hydroxide's uncommon role as a reducing agent. Mn₂O₇ is formed when concentrated sulfuric acid is added to potassium permanganate. One mole of KMnO₄ requires 5 moles of electrons in an acidic medium. Multiply equation (1) by 5 and equation (2) by 3 to balance the number of electrons. In an acidic medium, five moles of ferrous oxalate are oxidized by three moles of KMnO₄.

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.

When helium is heated from 9.0 °C to 79.0 °C and expands from a volume of 3.50 L to 3.89 L, it is an indication that the process is an isobaric process. The reason for this is that the pressure remains constant throughout the process.

Isobaric processes are also referred to as constant pressure processes. It is a thermodynamic process in which the pressure remains constant while the volume changes. Heat is absorbed by the gas when it is heated, causing its molecules to gain kinetic energy. As the kinetic energy increases, the molecules' movement becomes more erratic, and they begin to collide with each other more frequently. As a result, the distance between them expands, resulting in an expansion in the volume of the gas. The ideal gas law states that PV=nRT where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin (K). In an isobaric process, pressure (P) is constant, and since n, R, and P remain constant, the ideal gas law can be simplified as: V/T = constant. This equation shows that if temperature (T) increases, then volume (V) must also increase in order to keep the constant value intact. In the given problem, the volume increased from 3.50 L to 3.89 L due to the heating of helium from 9.0 °C to 79.0 °C.

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Answer:

So the resonance phenomenon is what allows for notes to be produced on a musical instrument at all. A guitar though makes an additional use of resonance. The body of the guitar is carefully designed to resonate when notes are played on the strings. The reason is that the body can then behave as an amplifier for the strings.

Explanation:

reference = socratic . org

Based on electronegativity of atoms, the inductive effect increases as the electronegativity of the atom increases and the electronegative atom is closer to the site of the acidic proton.

The inductive effect occurs due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms bonded together in which electronegative atoms increases the acidity but decreases the basicity of a compound.

The inductive effect is becomes stronger with decreasing distance between atoms, thus it is effective across short distances only.

Therefore, the inductive effect increases as the electronegativity of the atom increases and the electronegative atom is closer to the site of the acidic proton.

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The amount of heat absorbed when the temperature of the sodium hydroxide solution increases from 23.2 °C to 45.3 °C is 1084.4 J.

To calculate the amount of heat absorbed when the temperature of the sodium hydroxide solution increases from 23.2 °C to 45.3 °C, we can use the formula:

q = m x C x ΔT

where q is the heat absorbed, m is the mass of the solution, C is the specific heat capacity of the solution, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

First, we need to calculate the mass of the solution. The mass of the solution is the sum of the mass of the sodium hydroxide and the mass of water:

mass of solution = mass of NaOH + mass of water

mass of solution = 1.00 g + 25.0 g

mass of solution = 26.0 g

Next, we need to calculate the specific heat capacity of the solution. The specific heat capacity of a solution is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of the solution by one degree Celsius. The specific heat capacity of a solution can be estimated as the weighted average of the specific heat capacities of the solute and solvent. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g °C, and the specific heat capacity of sodium hydroxide is 1.23 J/g °C. The weight fraction of water in the solution is:

weight fraction of water = mass of water / mass of solutionweight fraction of water = 25.0 g / 26.0 g

weight fraction of water = 0.9615

The weight fraction of sodium hydroxide is therefore:

weight fraction of NaOH = 1 - weight fraction of water

weight fraction of NaOH = 1 - 0.9615

weight fraction of NaOH = 0.0385

Using these weight fractions and specific heat capacities, we can calculate the specific heat capacity of the solution:

C = (0.9615 x 4.18 J/g °C) + (0.0385 x 1.23 J/g °C)

C = 4.08 J/g °C

Finally, we can use the formula to calculate the heat absorbed:

q = m x C x ΔT

q = 26.0 g x 4.08 J/g °C x (45.3 °C - 23.2 °C)

q = 1084.4 J

Therefore, the amount of heat absorbed when the temperature of the sodium hydroxide solution increases from 23.2 °C to 45.3 °C is 1084.4 J.

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If the number of protons for a neutral atom is known, the atomic number and the identity of the element can be determined. The atomic number corresponds to the number of protons in an atom, and each element has a unique atomic number.

However, the number of electrons and the number of neutrons cannot be directly identified solely based on the number of protons.

The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons, as the atom overall carries no net charge. For example, if an atom has 6 protons (atomic number of 6), it will also have 6 electrons to maintain neutrality.

On the other hand, the number of neutrons in an atom can vary, even within the same element. Different isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. The total mass of an atom, which includes protons and neutrons, is determined by the atomic mass number. However, knowing only the number of protons does not provide information about the specific isotope or the number of neutrons.

To determine the number of neutrons or the specific isotope of an element, additional information such as the mass number or isotopic composition is needed.

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The final pressure of methane is 1595 torr.

This is a problem in gas laws, specifically the combined gas law, which relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas. The combined gas law will be expressed as:

(P₁ × V₁) /T₁=(P₂ × V₂) /T₂

where P₁, V₁, and T₁ are the initial pressure, volume, as well as temperature, respectively, and P₂, V₂, and T₂ are the final pressure, volume, as well as temperature, respectively. Since the temperature will be constant, we can simplify the equation to:

P₁ × V₁ = P₂ × V₂

Now, we can plug in the given values and solve for P₂:

P₂ = (P1 × V1) / V2

P₂ = (870 torr × 4.4 L) / 2.4 L

P₂ = 1595 torr

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Answer:

renewable energy sources such as solar and wind DONT emit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming

Explanation:

To calculate the heat transferred, we can use the formula:

Q = m * c * ΔT

Where:

Q is the heat transferred

m is the mass of the water

c is the  specific heat capacity of water

ΔT is the change in temperature

Given:

Mass of water (m) = 160 grams

Specific heat capacity of water (c) = 4.18 J/g°C

Change in temperature (ΔT) = 27°C - 18°C = 9°C

Substituting the values into the formula:

Q = 160 g * 4.18 J/g°C * 9°C

Calculating the expression:

Q = 6028.8 J

Therefore, the heat transferred is 6028.8 Joules.

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The more stable secondary alkyl radical is easier to create, hence 2 chlorobutane is created quicker than 1 chlorobutane.

Chemical stability in chemistry refers to a chemical system's thermodynamic stability.

When a system is in its lowest energy state or in chemical equilibrium with its surroundings, thermodynamic stability occurs.

In this case, the primary alkyl halide is 1-chlorobutane, while the secondary halide is 2-chlorobutane.

As a result, the SN1 reaction will occur in the 2-chlorobutane more quickly than the 1-chlorobutane.

Since it is simpler to produce the more stable secondary alkyl radical, 2 chlorobutane is produced more quickly than 1 chlorobutane.

Thus, 2-chloro 2-methylbutane is more stable.

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Answer:

10.3

Explanation:

According to henry's law, higher the pressure of the gas, more is the solubility of gas in liquid. Increasing pressure on the gas molecules, reduces the kinetic energy of the gas molecules and hence increase the concentration of gas in solution.

According to henry's law of solubility, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.

Mathematically,

C=K×P

where

C=solubility of a gas in a liquid

K= henry's constant=6.1x10⁻⁴ M /atm for nitrogen

P= pressure of the gas

The  gas molecules keep on moving randomly with high kinetic energy so it is very difficult to dissolve gas in solution. To do this we need to apply high pressure over the gas so that gas particles comes closer and easily goes into the solution.

Therefore, increasing pressure on the gas molecules, reduces the kinetic energy of the gas molecules and hence increase the concentration of gas in solution.

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Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. The most electronegative element from the list provided is O (Option B).

Electronegativity is an important concept in chemistry as it influences bond polarity, reactivity, and the distribution of electron density in molecules.The higher the electronegativity value, the stronger the atom's pull on the electrons.

Among the options provided:

a) H (hydrogen) has a relatively low electronegativity compared to the other elements.

c) N (nitrogen) has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen but lower than oxygen.

d) B (boron) has a lower electronegativity than nitrogen.

e) C (carbon) has a similar electronegativity to boron.

Out of these options, b) O (oxygen) has the highest electronegativity. Oxygen is a highly electronegative element, second only to fluorine on the periodic table. It has a strong attraction for electrons and tends to draw them towards itself in a chemical bond.

Therefore, oxygen (O) is the most electronegative element from the options given.

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Answer:

518 mL

Explanation:

We can solve this using Boyle's Law Formula

P1V1 = P2V2

where p1 = initial pressure, p2 = final pressure, v1 = initial volume and v2 = final volume

here , the initial pressure is 1 atm and the initial volume is 725mL

we are given the final pressure 1.4 and we need to find the final volume

so we have p1v1 = p2v2

==> plug in p1 = 1 , v1 = 725 mL and p2 = 1.4

(1)(725) = (1.4)v2

==> multiply 1 and 725

725 = (1.4)(v2)

==> divide both sides by 1.4

v2 = 518

N2 would have a volume of 518mL at 1.4atm

Answer:

517.86 mL

Explanation:

Boyle's Law Formula

Here :

Solving

Answer:

If the temperature of the system is increased, then the equilibrium position would shift to the right side. According to Le Chatelier's principle, when a stress is applied to a system in equilibrium, the system will adjust itself to counteract the stress. In this case, increasing the temperature would be an external stress on the system, and the reaction would shift to consume more of the reactants, namely CH4 and H2S, to create more of the products, CS2 and H2, thus shifting the equilibrium position towards the products.

Explanation:

Flowchart of a typical Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plant: Start - Influent Screening - Grit Removal - Primary Sedimentation Tank - Aeration Tank (Activated Sludge Process) - Secondary Sedimentation Tank - Disinfection - Effluent

Acid rain is formed by the emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO) into the atmosphere, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels in power plants, industrial processes, and vehicles. These pollutants undergo chemical reactions with water, oxygen, and other substances in the air, forming sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3). These acids then dissolve in atmospheric moisture and fall to the ground as acid rain.

In settling tanks used in wastewater treatment, there are generally two common settling patterns:

Upflow Clarifiers: In this pattern, the influent wastewater enters the tank from the bottom and flows upward, allowing solids to settle toward the bottom. The clarified effluent is then collected from the top.

Downflow Clarifiers: In this pattern, the influent wastewater enters the tank from the top and flows downward, promoting the settling of solids towards the bottom. The clarified effluent is collected from the bottom.

Both patterns aim to separate solids from the liquid phase, allowing the settled solids to be removed as sludge while the clarified water is discharged or further treated. The choice of settling pattern depends on the specific design and operational requirements of the wastewater treatment plant.

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Magnesium chloride, MgCl₂, is composed of 3 elements: magnesium (Mg), chlorine (Cl), and two atoms of chlorine (Cl).

An element is a basic substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Each element is defined by its atomic number, which is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of its atom. There are 118 known elements, ranging from the lightest, hydrogen, to the heaviest, oganesson. Elements can combine to form compounds, which have unique properties and characteristics. Some elements, such as carbon and oxygen, form the building blocks of life, while others, such as gold and silver, have been valued for their beauty and rarity. The properties of elements are determined by the arrangement of their electrons, and these properties can be used to predict the behavior of elements in chemical reactions.

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Compact Bone is composed of mineralized matrix and bone cells. whereas, Spongy Bone consists of a network of trabeculae, which are thin bony spicules or plates interconnected to create a porous framework.

Compact Bone:

Compact bone, also known as cortical bone, forms the outer layer of bone and provides strength and support. It is composed of mineralized matrix and bone cells.The main minerals found in compact bone include hydroxyapatite, which is a crystalline form of calcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate. These minerals contribute to the hardness and rigidity of the bone tissue.

In addition to minerals, compact bone contains several proteins that contribute to its structure and function. Collagen is the predominant protein found in the bone matrix. It provides flexibility and tensile strength to the bone, allowing it to resist breaking under stress. Other proteins, such as osteocalcin and osteopontin, are involved in mineralization processes and regulate bone remodeling.

Spongy Bone:

Spongy bone, also called trabecular or cancellous bone, is found at the inner layer of bone and forms a lattice-like structure. It consists of a network of trabeculae, which are thin bony spicules or plates interconnected to create a porous framework. This arrangement provides strength to the bone while keeping it lightweight.

Similar to compact bone, spongy bone contains mineralized matrix and bone cells. The minerals present in spongy bone are also hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate. However, spongy bone has a higher proportion of spaces within its structure compared to compact bone.

Proteins found in spongy bone include collagen, which provides structural support, and other non-collagenous proteins involved in bone development, remodeling, and mineralization.

Overall, both compact and spongy bone consist of mineralized matrix containing hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate, along with collagen and other proteins that contribute to the structure, strength, and function of the bone tissue. The specific arrangement and density of these components differ between compact and spongy bone, allowing them to fulfill different roles within the skeletal system.

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Bones are made up of two types of tissue: compact and spongy bone. Compact bone (cortical) forms the hard external layer of all bones while spongy (cancellous) bone forms the inner layer of all bones. Both types of bones are composed of specialized cells, mineral salts, and collagen fibers.

Our bones are made up of two types of tissue: compact bone and spongy bone. Compact bone, also known as cortical bone, forms the hard external layer of all bones and surrounds the medullary cavity, or bone marrow. This bone tissue consists of units called osteons or Haversian systems, featuring mineral matrix and living osteocytes connected by canaliculi, which transport blood.

Spongy bone, on the other hand, or cancellous bone, forms the inner layer of all bones. Unlike compact bone tissue, spongy bone tissue does not contain osteons. It consists of trabeculae: lamellae that are arranged like rods or plates. In between these trabeculae, we'll find the red bone marrow that is responsible for forming blood cells.

Both types of bone tissues contain specialized cells, mineral salts (mainly calcium and phosphorus), and collagen fibers. The integration of these minerals and proteins is critical for the robust structure and resilience of the skeletal system.

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The thermometer would read 40.5°S at 25°C based on new temperature scale.

An equation relating a reading on the new temperature scale (s) to a reading on the Celsius scale can be derived using the two known points of ethanol's melting and boiling points. The freezing point of ethanol is -117.3oc and the boiling point is 78.3oc. So, the equation can be expressed as follows:

S = (100/195.6)*(C + 117.3);

Where S = reading on the new temperature scale;

C  => reading on the Celsius scale.

s = (100/195.6)*(25 + 117.3) = 40.5

Therefore, this thermometer would read 40.5°S at 25°C.

It's important to note that this is a hypothetical temperature scale, and it only applies to the freezing and boiling points of ethanol. It doesn't have any practical use and it's not a standard temperature scale like Celsius or Fahrenheit. Also, the freezing and boiling points of ethanol are not constant, they depend on the pressure and the purity of the ethanol.

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Answer:

there are 4 sig figs in 120.9 and there are 4 sig figs in 1.008

Explanation:

Answer:

2

Explanation:

Elements in Group 2 have 2 valence electrons.

The number of valence electrons in Group 2 elements is 2. The correct answer is option D.

Valence electrons are the electrons present in the outermost energy level of an atom, and they play a critical role in determining the chemical properties of an element.

Group 2 elements are also known as alkaline earth metals, and include beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. These elements have two valence electrons in their outermost energy level, which makes them highly reactive and likely to form cations with a charge of +2.

Therefore, option D. 2 is the number of valence electrons in Group 2 elements.

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The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is oxygen (O2).The electron transport chain (ETC) in cellular respiration relies on a final electron acceptor to help oxygen get reduced into water. This is why oxygen is considered the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration.

During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down into pyruvate. Pyruvate is then transformed into acetyl CoA and enters the citric acid cycle, where it is oxidized and generates ATP, NADH, and FADH2. The final stage of aerobic respiration involves the electron transport chain, in which electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed through a series of proteins and coenzymes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, ultimately reducing oxygen to form water.

This process is known as oxidative phosphorylation.In conclusion, the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is oxygen (O2), and carbon dioxide is generated in the link reaction (pyruvate oxidation) and the citric acid cycle.

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The consumption of resources impacts Earth's environments by causing habitat destruction, biodiversity loss, air and water pollution, and climate change.

As the demand for resources increases, more and more land is cleared for mining, logging, and agriculture, leading to habitat destruction and biodiversity loss. The extraction, processing, and transportation of resources also release pollutants into the air and water, which can harm ecosystems and human health.

The burning of fossil fuels, which are often used to power the production and transportation of goods, releases greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. Therefore, it is important for individuals and societies to consider the environmental impacts of their consumption choices and find ways to reduce their ecological footprint.

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In the given chemical reaction \(\rm NaOH + CO_2 \rightarrow Na_2CO_3 + H_2O\), the limiting reagent is carbon dioxide and \(\rm Na_2CO_3\) that can be produced is 1.00 mol, and 0.85 mol of NaOH remains unreacted after the completion of the reaction.

The limiting reagent is the reactant that gets completely consumed in a chemical reaction, thereby limiting the amount of product that can be formed.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide is:

\(\rm NaOH + CO_2 \rightarrow Na_2CO_3 + H_2O\)

To determine which reactant is limiting, we need to calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide present and compare the mole ratios of the reactants in the balanced equation.

Moles of NaOH = 1.85 mol

Moles of \(\rm CO_2\) = 1.00 mol

The balanced equation shows that the mole ratio of NaOH to \(\rm CO_2\) is 2:1, which means that 2 moles of NaOH react with 1 mole of \(\rm CO_2\) .

Using the mole ratio, we can calculate the maximum number of moles of Na2CO3 that can be produced by each reactant:

Moles of NaOH / 2 = 0.925 mol \(\rm Na_2CO_3\)

Moles of\(\rm CO_2 \times 1\) /1 = 1.00 mol \(\rm Na_2CO_3\)

Since the calculated number of moles of \(\rm Na_2CO_3\) from \(\rm CO_2\) is less than the calculated number of moles of \(\rm Na_2CO_3\) from NaOH, \(\rm CO_2\) is the limiting reactant.

According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of \(\rm CO_2\) reacts to form 1 mole of \(\rm Na_2CO_3\) . Therefore, the number of moles of \(\rm Na_2CO_3\) produced is 1.00 mol.

To determine the amount of excess reactant remaining after the reaction, we need to calculate the amount of NaOH that did not react.

Moles of NaOH remaining = Moles of NaOH - (Moles of \(\rm Na_2CO_3\) produced x 2)

= 0.85 mol NaOH

Therefore, 0.85 mol of NaOH remains unreacted after the completion of the reaction.

In conclusion, carbon dioxide is the limiting reactant, and 1.00 mol of \(\rm Na_2CO_3\) can be produced. 0.85 mol of NaOH remains unreacted after the completion of the reaction.

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The question is incomplete. The complete question is:

Sodium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide as follow:

\(\rm NaOH + CO_2 \rightarrow Na_2CO_3 + H_2O\)

Which reagent (reactant) is limiting when 1.85 mol of sodium hydroxide and 1.00 mol carbon dioxide are allowed to react? How many moles of sodium carbonate can be produced? How many moles of the excess reactant remain after the completion of the reaction?

Answer: Measure the density

Explanation: pretty sure the density could identify if it is a mixture or a pure substance