Press the exterior bumper closer towards the skin while applying little pressure to the tube.
What does skin mean?As an organ, the skin is the biggest. The integumentary system is made up of the skin, as well as its byproducts (hair, nails, perspiration, and oil glands). Protection is among the skin's primary purposes. It defends the body against elements like bacteria, chemicals, and temperature that are present outside.
What's the name of skin in scientific terms?Our skin tone is produced by the epidermis, which is the top layer of skin and acts as a waterproof barrier. Hair follicles, sweat glands, and hard connective tissue are all found in the dermis, which is located beneath the epidermis. Connective tissue and fat make up the deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis).
To know more about skin visit:
https://brainly.com/question/20693358\
#SPJ4
D Question 2
What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the
surface?
Distal
Proximal
Superficial
4 pts
Deep
Answer:
The anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface is "superficial".
Explanation:
The term "superficial" in anatomy refers to a structure that is closer to the surface of the body or a particular organ. This term is used to describe the location of structures in relation to other structures in the body, and it is important in medical diagnosis and treatment.
For example, if a doctor is examining a patient's skin, they may use the term "superficial" to describe a rash or lesion that is on the surface of the skin. Similarly, if a surgeon is performing a procedure on an organ, they may use the term "superficial" to describe a structure that is closer to the surface of the organ and therefore easier to access.
Understanding the location of structures in relation to other structures is essential in anatomy, as it helps medical professionals to diagnose and treat conditions more accurately. The term "superficial" is just one of many directional terms used in anatomy to describe the location of structures within the body.
a nurse is caring for a newborn immeadiatley following birth. after assuring a patent airway. what is the prioruty for the nurse?
The priority for the nurse immediately following birth, after ensuring a patent airway, is to establish skin-to-skin contact between the newborn and the mother. This is commonly known as "kangaroo care" and has several important benefits for the baby.
Temperature regulation: Skin-to-skin contact helps the baby maintain a stable body temperature, as the mother's body provides warmth and helps prevent heat loss. Bonding and attachment: This close contact promotes bonding and emotional attachment between the mother and baby, which is crucial for their long-term relationship and development.
Stimulation of breastfeeding: Kangaroo care enhances breastfeeding initiation and success. The baby can instinctively find the mother's breast, leading to early feeding and better milk production. Regulation of vital signs: The baby's heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure tend to stabilize when in skin-to-skin contact with the mother, promoting overall physiological stability. Reduction of stress and pain: The presence of the mother and the comfort provided by skin-to-skin contact help reduce the newborn's stress and discomfort, making the transition to the outside world smoother.
To know more about nurse visit :
https://brainly.com/question/32111683
#SPJ11
programs that are most effective in treating families experiencing abuse or neglect emphasize which two components
The programs that are most effective in treating families experiencing abuse or neglect typically emphasize two key components: prevention and intervention.
These components are essential for addressing the root causes of abuse or neglect and providing support to families in need.
Prevention programs focus on raising awareness, promoting healthy relationships, and strengthening families, while intervention programs involve providing support and resources for affected families, including therapy, counseling, and access to essential services. By combining these two components, these programs can effectively help families overcome challenges and create a safer environment for everyone involved.
Together, parent training and family therapy can be highly effective in treating families experiencing abuse or neglect. By teaching parents positive parenting skills and improving family functioning and communication, these programs can help prevent future incidents of abuse or neglect, and promote healthy family relationships.
These interventions can also improve child outcomes, such as reducing behavioral problems and increasing social competence. It is important to note that effective treatment programs may vary depending on the specific needs and circumstances of each family, and may involve additional components, such as case management and community support.
To know more about prevention and intervention refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/30674325?#
#SPJ11
The nurse is planning to contact the provider regarding the newborn's status. Which of the following prescriptions regarding the newborn should the nurse anticipate?
1. Instruct the mother to discontinue breastfeeding
2. administer scheduled doses of oral morphine
3. give a one-time does of naloxone IM
4. maintain a low stimulus environment
5. initiate neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) scoring
The nurse is planning to contact the provider regarding the newborn's status. Which of the following prescriptions regarding the newborn should the nurse anticipate The nurse should anticipate prescribing the following for the newborn:
4. maintain a low stimulus environment, and 5. initiate neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) scoring Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a drug withdrawal syndrome that affects newborns exposed to opioids or other drugs in utero. In order to prevent serious outcomes, it is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of NAS and initiate treatment as soon as possible. The following are some of the most common medications and interventions used to treat NAS:Medications to treat NAS:Medications may be given to treat specific symptoms of NAS, including:Phenobarbital:Morphine:Sedatives:Clonidine:Nonpharmacologic interventions to treat NAS:Nonpharmacologic interventions are also effective in the treatment of NAS, and may be used alone or in combination with medication. Some of the nonpharmacologic interventions that may be used include:Maintaining a low-stimulus environment:Neonates with NAS are often sensitive to bright lights, loud noises, and other stimuli, which can exacerbate their symptoms. Maintaining a calm, quiet environment can help to minimize stress and promote healing.Initiating neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) scoring:NAS scoring is used to assess the severity of symptoms and guide treatment. The scoring system assigns points based on the presence and severity of specific signs and symptoms, such as tremors, irritability, and vomiting.
To know more about newborn visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30705506
#SPJ11
The replication cycle of t7 virus has several things that none of the other virus replication cycles include. What is one of these things?.
The replication cycle of t7 virus has several things that none of the other virus replication cycles include. The second stage of virus replication only occurs in T7 when an opening is created through the membrane of the bacterium.
What is replication cycle ?Different viral species and groups may have replication cycles that varied greatly. However, there are normally six main stages for viral replication to be effective. These entail the release, replication, attachment, penetration, and uncoating of virion.
The t7 virus injects its DNA into the cell rather than allowing the entire viral structure to be eaten by the host cell.
Distinct viral species and groups might have quite different replication cycles. Nevertheless, for viral replication to be effective, there are typically six major phases. These involve virion release, replication, uncoating, attachment, penetration, and uncoating.
To learn more about T7 virus click on the link below:
https://brainly.com/question/17535552
#SPJ1
What is it called when someone consumes large amounts of alcohol in a short amount of time, taking in more than their body can process causing symptoms like mental confusion, unconsciousness, vomiting, seizures, and/or changes in body temperature and heart rate?.
Chlorpheniramine 100 mL
Lidocaine 2 oz
Banana Flavoring 1/2 tsp
Take 10 mL BID
14. How many 1 oz bottles will this solution fill????
To determine the number of 1 oz bottles the solution will fill, we need to calculate the total volume of the solution and divide it by the volume of each 1 oz bottle.
Given:
Chlorpheniramine: 100 mL
Lidocaine: 2 oz (approximately 59.15 mL)
Banana Flavoring: 1/2 tsp (approximately 2.46 mL)
Dosage: Take 10 mL BID (twice a day)
First, let's calculate the total volume of the solution:
Chlorpheniramine: 100 mL
Lidocaine: 59.15 mL
Banana Flavoring: 2.46 mL
Total volume = Chlorpheniramine + Lidocaine + Banana Flavoring
Total volume = 100 mL + 59.15 mL + 2.46 mL
Total volume ≈ 161.61 mL
Now, let's calculate the number of 1 oz bottles the solution will fill:
1 oz = approximately 29.57 mL
Number of 1 oz bottles = Total volume / Volume of each 1 oz bottle
Number of 1 oz bottles ≈ 161.61 mL / 29.57 mL
Number of 1 oz bottles ≈ 5.46
Therefore, the solution will fill approximately 5.46 (rounded up to 6) 1 oz bottles.
Know more about Chlorpheniramine:
https://brainly.com/question/5459638
#SPJ1
Please help this is for a test, will give brainliest. Im pretty sure its B but I want to make sure
A psychiatrist is seeing an elderly father and his daughter. The daughter tells the psychiatrist that he often talks to himself and commonly talks about various people he sees through out the day despite being home with his daughter all day.
The psychiatrist concludes that the father is suffering from a form of psychosis and prescribes him a Antipsychotic.
In a follow up appointment the daughter tell the psychiatrist that her fathers behavior has worsened. He started having intense panic attacks and was violent a few times.
What happened?
A. The psychiatrist gave the father a dosage that was too high for him. He should lower the dose and try again
B. The father actually suffers from dementia. He was prescribed the wrong type of medicine and worsened the condition.
C. The father wasn't prescribed a high enough dosage and his condition worsened naturally.
D. None. This is a normal side effect of Antipsychotics
Answer:
B is the correct answer srry for the l just saw this :(
Explanation:
The nurse is providing instructions to the client who is being prepared for skeletal traction. Which statement by the client indicates teaching was effective?
"CPM increases range of motion of the joint."
Metal pins will go through my skin to the bone."
"The joint above the fracture and below the fracture must be immobilized."
The statement by the client that indicates the nurse's teaching was effective is "Metal pins will go through my skin to the bone'' as metal pins cause a joint between skin and bone.
Skeletal traction involves inserting metal pins or wires through the skin and into the bone to provide a steady and continuous pull on the affected limb or body part. Hence, option b is correct.
Therefore, it is important for the client to understand that this will be a part of the procedure. This statement also demonstrates that the client has been informed about the specifics of the procedure.
The statement "CPM increases range of motion of the joint" is incorrect as it refers to continuous passive motion, which is not a part of skeletal traction.
To learn more about nurse, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/11946510
#SPJ11
Which of the following is a common risk factor for endothelial injury?
OA. Atrial fibrillation
OB. High levels of high-density lipoproteins
OC. Hypertension
D. Low levels of low-density lipoproteins
Answer:
OC. Hypertension
Explanation:
a mental or emotional condition so severe it interferes with daily functioning is called a
the client's arterial blood gas levels indicate hypoxemia. the client is on room air with a respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min and an spo2 of 86%. what is the first intervention to relieve hypoxemia? group of answer choices
The first intervention to relieve hypoxemia would be to provide supplemental oxygen to the client.
Oxygen therapy can help increase the amount of oxygen in the bloodstream, improving oxygen delivery to the body's tissues and alleviating symptoms of hypoxemia.
Depending on the severity of the hypoxemia and the client's condition, different methods of oxygen delivery may be used, such as nasal cannula, face mask, or mechanical ventilation. It is important to closely monitor the client's oxygen saturation levels and adjust the oxygen delivery as needed to maintain adequate oxygenation.
Other interventions to address the underlying cause of the hypoxemia may also be necessary, such as treating respiratory or cardiac conditions, improving ventilation, or addressing anemia.
To know more about hypoxemia here
https://brainly.com/question/30392763
#SPJ4
how to cure redundant prepuce after circumcision without surgery
What is the purpose of adding sulphuric acid to the aspirin reaction mixture?
Answer:
it makes it more active and speeds up the reaction
Explanation:
Medicare part D is a health insurance option available to Medicare beneficiaries. Private, Medicare-approved insurance companies run Medicare Advantage programs. These companies arrange for, or directly provide, health care services to the beneficiaries who enroll in a Medicare Advantage plan.
Both statements accurately describe aspects of Medicare Part D and Medicare Advantage, indicating that they are functioning as intended.
The statement "Medicare Part D is a health insurance option available to Medicare beneficiaries" is accurate. Medicare Part D is a prescription drug coverage program offered by private insurance companies approved by Medicare. It helps Medicare beneficiaries pay for their prescription medications.
The second statement, "Private, Medicare-approved insurance companies run Medicare Advantage programs. These companies arrange for, or directly provide, health care services to the beneficiaries who enroll in a Medicare Advantage plan," is also correct. Medicare Advantage, also known as Medicare Part C, is an alternative to Original Medicare (Part A and Part B) and is offered by private insurance companies approved by Medicare. These companies administer and manage the Medicare Advantage plans, which provide all the benefits covered by Original Medicare and often include additional benefits such as prescription drug coverage, dental, vision, and hearing services.
for more such questions on Medicare
https://brainly.com/question/31418684
#SPJ8
A pregnant patient delivers twins at 30 weeks gestation. The first baby is delivered vaginally, but during this delivery, the second baby has turned into the transverse position during labor. The decision is made to perform a cesarean to deliver the second baby. The OB physician who performed the delivery also performed the prenatal care. The standard coding for this is
The standard coding for the delivery of the twin patients is 59409, 59410, and 59510.
The delivery of multiple fetuses is coded as a single unit and not separately when the delivery occurs during the same encounter. When the delivery occurs through cesarean section and with multiple fetuses, code 59510 is used once for the delivery, and the delivery of the additional fetus is coded with 59409 or 59410, depending on the method of delivery for the first fetus. The delivery of the first baby is coded with the appropriate delivery code based on whether it was vaginal delivery or cesarean delivery. The patient was at 30 weeks gestation, which is considered premature birth. A premature birth involves the delivery of the baby before the 37th week of pregnancy.
The standard coding for the premature birth is 644.2x. The xx in the code should be replaced with the appropriate number based on the gestational age of the baby at the time of delivery. For instance, a premature birth that occurs at 30 weeks gestation is coded as 644.20.In conclusion, when a pregnant patient delivers twins at 30 weeks gestation, the appropriate coding for the delivery depends on the method of delivery for each fetus and the gestational age of the fetus at the time of delivery. The standard coding for the delivery is 59409, 59410, and 59510, while the standard coding for the premature birth is 644.2x.
To know more about patients visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/30818835
#SPJ11
whats a class b misdemeaner
Answer:Misdemeanors in New York are divided into 3 classes: Class A misdemeanors, Class B misdemeanors, and unclassified misdemeanors.
yasutani roshi teaches that koans are usually the best practice for those who are strongly motivated to realize their true nature. t/f
False. While Hakuin Ekaku Yasutani Roshi, a prominent figure in the Rinzai school of Zen Buddhism, did popularize the use of koans as a tool for meditation and enlightenment, this practice is not necessarily the best approach for everyone.
Koans, which are often stories or puzzles intended to evoke insight, can be difficult to understand and are typically used as a means to encourage a meditator to abandon the logical and intellectual understanding of life in favor of the intuitive wisdom that comes with Zen practice.
Those who are strongly motivated to realize their true nature may find it more beneficial to use mindfulness meditation, which involves focusing on the present moment and developing a greater awareness of one's physical and mental states. Ultimately, the best practice for any individual will depend on their own personality and preferences.
Know more about meditation here
https://brainly.com/question/30608551#
#SPJ11
what effect does the ARV have on the red blood cells
Answer:
HIV may affect erythropoiesis directly through infection of red cell precursors and bone marrow stromal cells.
Which protein, acting as a hormone, regulates blood glucose? a)oxytocin b)insulin c)prolactin.
Insulin is a peptide hormone made in the beta cells of the pancreas that is central to regulating carbohydrate metabolism in the body.
Which protein acts as a hormone that regulated blood glucose?Glucagon is a hormone that exertion with other hormones and bodily functions to control glucose levels in the blood. It approaches alpha cells found in the pancreas and is closely connected to insulin-secreting beta cells, making it a crucial part that keeps the body's blood glucose levels stable.
The pancreas produces glucagon, a peptide hormone that elevates blood glucose levels. Its action is directly opposed to that of insulin, which reduces blood glucose levels.
So we can conclude that the free of glucagon is tonic by low blood glucose, protein-rich meals, and adrenaline.
Learn more about hormones here: https://brainly.com/question/4678959
#SPJ1
What are the components of the communication process?
Explain the positive and negative aspects of the living arrangements for the elderly listed below. Be sure to thoroughly evaluate each option. Living in own home Living with their children Assisted living facility Nursing home with intermediate care Nursing home with skilled nursing care and make recommendations for healthy and disabled elderly
Answer:
See explanation below
Explanation:
Living arrangements for the elderly refers to the composition and organization of the living environment of elderly people.
There are various kinds of living arrangements available for the elderly and they are:
1.) Living in own home: This is a preferred option for most elderly people. It involves them living in their own homes with occasional assistance. The positive side to this is that they maintain and enjoy the comfort of their homes and also the sense of independence that comes with it. The negative aspect is the cost of having a paid caregiver and the constant support from family and friend. Living in own homes can also have mental effects on them - they may lonely and start overthinking.
2.) Living with Children: Elderly ones that have good relationships with their children are advised to live with them. It is a very good economic decision because the cost of having and maintaining a different house and catering for a cared giver will be eliminated. There is also the advantage of companionship and reduced stress because family is around to help. The negative side to this is the tightness of the house for families with small houses.
3.) Assisted Living Facility: This is a facility that offers personal care services to the elderly such as: transportation, meals, bathing and dressing. It is like a community with active adults who need personal care services. The positive side to this is the feeling of having a community, the daily activities that keep them occupied. The major negative side is the cost of living in an assisted living facility. Another is the loss of flexibility and privacy.
4.) Nursing Home with Intermediate Care: This is very similar to the Nursing Home with skilled nursing cares. It is usually regarded as a lower level skilled nursing care facility. The difference is that residents of an intermediate care facility require less assistance with their daily lives. 8 hourly supervision is enough for a day. The advantages and disadvantages are also the same with the skilled nursing care facility.
5.) Nursing Home with Skilled Nursing Care: This is a facility licensed to offer personal as well as medical services. They are usually a 24-hour care facility with nurses and licensed medical professionals around. The downside to this kind of facility is the unsatisfaction because the facility may be understaffed and there may be so many people that need to be attended to. And also the cost of both personal and medical services.
RECOMMENDATIONS
There are things to consider in choosing a living arrangement for elderly ones. They include: financial budget, medical. physical and emotional needs. It is also important to speak with a doctor first.
Healthy Elders are healthy and have no issues and can live in their own homes may opt to hire caregivers if they want
Disabled Elders should register in assisted living facilities where they have access to enough personal care services.
a 62-year-old man in the icu reports that he is developing substernal chest pain. his level of responsiveness is rapidly decreasing. his blood pressure is 50/p, pulse is 188, and his respirations are 10. the cardiac monitor reveals monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. your best course of action is:
In this scenario, the patient is experiencing a life-threatening medical emergency and requires immediate intervention.
The best course of action would be to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and call for a code blue or emergency response team immediately. This should include defibrillation if necessary for ventricular tachycardia and administration of epinephrine or other medications as required by the situation.
The patient's airway should be secured with intubation if necessary, and oxygen therapy should be provided as soon as possible. The patient's vital signs should be monitored continuously, and blood tests should be obtained to assess their electrolyte levels and cardiac enzymes.
Once the patient is stabilized, further evaluation and management can be initiated in the ICU. This may include echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, or other diagnostic testing to determine the underlying cause of the cardiac event and guide subsequent treatment. The patient may require ongoing supportive care and medication management to prevent recurrent events and promote recovery.
To know more about Cardiopulmonary resuscitation click here:
brainly.com/question/12864566
#SPJ11
Which class of diuretic can decrease calcium in the body?
Explanation:
Thiazode Diuretics can decrease calcium in the body.Magnesium is able to copper, and copper is able to magnesium. Zinc is able to magnesium, and magnesium is able to zinc. Copper is able to zinc, and zinc is able to copper.
Magnesium is able to reduce the copper, and copper is able to oxidize the magnesium. Zinc is able to oxidize magnesium, and magnesium is able to reduce zinc. Copper is able to oxidize the zinc, and zinc is able to reduce the copper.
The oxidation-reduction reactions are referred to as "redox reactions". These reactions occur by obtaining or losing electrons and changing the oxidation state of elements. The removal of electrons causes the oxidation status of an element's atom to increase. Reduction entails an electron gain and a decrease in the oxidation number. While reducing themselves, oxidizing agents oxidized the other elements. On the other side, the reducing agents decrease the other element, which is then oxidized.
Learn more about Magnesium here: brainly.com/question/14491437
#SPJ4
What would happen if Portia told Ms. Hilbert that her visit today will be covered 100 percent by her insurance company, based on what she learned about Mr. Campbell’s insurance with the same company?
If Portia told Ms. Hilbert that her visit today will be covered 100 percent by her insurance company it is attainable for Portia Milstine the MA (Medical Assisstant) at the front table to commit miscalculation of faulty categorization by presumptuous that Mrs. Hilbert's edges are identical as that of Josiah Campbell.
The fact that they're colleagues within the same place of labor, with an equivalent form of card doesn't mean that they need an equivalent medical cowl or health advantages.
Should the caregiver proceed to bill Mrs. David Hilbert on an equivalent basis, as Mr. Josiah, she would be committing a charge error. There are different varieties of billing errors that are common among medical assistants. They are:
Wrong Patient information
Duplicate billing
Balance billing
The question is incomplete, complete question is here
Patient Kenya Hilbert arrives for an appointment and gives the medical assistant, Portia Milstine, MA, her insurance card. Portia notices that the insurance company is Healthy Way Insurance and that Ms. Hilbert works for the Exact Accounting Company, a large company near the medical clinic. She recalls that this morning Josiah Campbell came in and that he also had Healthy Way Insurance and also works for the Exact Accounting Company. When she verified his benefits, she learned that preventive care is covered at 100 percent, and for other services, patients must pay a $20.00 copayment. The office is busy this afternoon, so Portia wonders if she really needs to take the time to verify the benefits for Ms. Hilbert. After all, it looks like she has the exact same insurance that Mr. Campbell had, and she already verified his benefits.
What would happen if Portia told Ms. Hilbert that her visit today will be covered 100 percent by her insurance company, based on what she learned about Mr. Campbell’s insurance with the same company?
To learn more about Insurance company here
brainly.com/question/12966341
#SPJ1
The vast majority of adults in the United States who are receiving care receive it: from professionals in a nursing facility. from professionals at an adult day center. at home from family caregivers. at home from professional caregivers.
Answer:
C. At home from family caregivers.
An eight-year-old girl in rural Wisconsin has chills, headache, and fever and reports having been bitten by mosquitoes. How would you confirm your diagnosis of arboviral encephalitis
The best technique to confirm the diagnosis of arboviral encephalitis is the ELISA test for IgM antibodies.
What is the ELISA test?The ELISA test (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), is a technique used in molecular biology laboratories capable of measuring antibodies in the blood.
This test may result very useful to detect IgM antibodies against antigens present in arboviruses.
In conclusion, the best technique to confirm the diagnosis of arboviral encephalitis is the ELISA test for IgM antibodies.
Learn more about the ELISA test here:
https://brainly.com/question/16012124
#SPJ1
ICD-10-PCS codes have a unique structure. An example of a valid code in the ICD-10-PCS system is?a) L03.311.b) B2151.c) 013.2.d) 2W3FX1Z.
An example of a valid code in the ICD-10-PC system is "2W3FX1Z."
The ICD-10-PCSystem (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Procedure Coding System) is a standardized system used for reporting medical procedures. It utilizes a unique structure to represent procedures accurately.
Each ICD-10-PCS code consists of seven characters and is alphanumeric. The first character represents the section of the body being operated on or the general type of procedure.
The second and third characters provide additional information about the body part or approach used.
The fourth character represents the root operation, which defines the objective of the procedure.
The fifth through seventh characters represent specific details such as body location, devices used, or qualifiers. The example code "2W3FX1Z" is a valid code within this system, adhering to the prescribed structure.
Learn more about PC System:
brainly.com/question/29606126
#SPJ11
Lower back pain may radiate toward the front of the pelvis for a number of reasons. Some of the most common sources of this type of pain include spinal injuries, bulging discs, nerve root irritation, and changes that occur during pregnancy.
True. lower back pain may radiate toward the front of the pelvis for a number of reasons. Some of the most common sources of this type of pain include spinal injuries, bulging discs, nerve root irritation, and changes that occur during pregnancy.
What is spinal injuries ?A spinal cord injury results in damage to the actual spinal cord as well as nearby organs, bones, and tissues. You might lose function or mobility in various body parts depending on the severity of the injury. Surgery, medicine, and physical therapy are all forms of treatment. A more recent strategy tries to stimulate active nerves.
The spinal cord acts as a messenger between the brain and the rest of the body. The spinal cord is encased in meninges, a layer of tissue, and a column of vertebrae, or spinal bones. An abrupt, traumatic blow to the vertebrae is the most common cause of spinal cord injuries. The spinal cord and its nerves are subsequently harmed by the fractured (broken) bones. The spinal cord can occasionally be completely severed or split by trauma.
Learn more about spinal injuries
https://brainly.com/question/20214348
#SPJ1
Complete Question:
State whether the given statement is True or False,
Lower back pain may radiate toward the front of the pelvis for a number of reasons. Some of the most common sources of this type of pain include spinal injuries, bulging discs, nerve root irritation, and changes that occur during pregnancy.