8.7351 x 10-3 to ordinary notation:

Answer:

At < I < Br < Cl < F

Explanation:

Electronegativity is defined as the ability of an atom to attract pair of electrons. On the periodic table, electronegativity decreases down the group and increases along the period.

The given atoms belong to the same group, so following the above rule,  F has the highest electronegativity than other given atoms as it is at the top of the group and At will have the least electronegativity as it is at the bottom of the group.

Hence, the order of increasing electronegativity is

At < I < Br < Cl < F.

In an oxidation-reduction experiment, it is important to observe the reaction after 30 minutes because the reaction requires time to complete.

During this time, the solution and solid may look different than when the reaction begins, and silver may continue to precipitate for 30 minutes.

By observing the reaction after 30 minutes, we can ensure that the reaction has completed and that we have accurate results.

It also allows us to analyze the full extent of the reaction and make any necessary adjustments or observations. Therefore, it is crucial to wait the full 30 minutes before analyzing the results of an oxidation-reduction experiment.

learn more about experiment here:brainly.com/question/30055326

#SPJ11

Based on the given information, the answer is (c) 20%. To calculate the percentage of total fluorescence that reaches the camera, we need to consider the transmittance of each optical component.

Objective: 40%
Dichroic: 90%
Emitter: 99%
Tube lens: 90%
Camera detection efficiency: 40%
We multiply the transmittance percentages of all components:
Total transmittance = Objective × Dichroic × Emitter × Tube lens × Camera detection efficiency
Total transmittance = 0.40 × 0.90 × 0.99 × 0.90 × 0.40 = 0.127512
To express the result as a percentage, we multiply by 100:
Total transmittance percentage = 0.127512 × 100 = 12.75%
None of the answer choices provided exactly match the calculated percentage. However, based on the calculation, the closest answer is: c. 20%

Based on the given information, the percentage of total fluorescence that reaches the camera can be calculated as follows:
- The excitation light has a wavelength of 514 nm and a power of 57 kW/cm^2, which is used to excite the TRITC DHPE dye.
- The dye has a quantum yield of 0.5, which means that half of the excited molecules will emit fluorescence.
- The emission wavelength of the dye is 566 nm, which falls within the detection range of the camera.
- The objective has a numerical aperture of 1.3 and an oil index of refraction of 1.5, which determine the light collection efficiency.
- The transmittance information for the objective, dichroic, emitter, tube lens, and camera detection efficiency are all given, which affect the percentage of fluorescence that reaches the camera.
- The one-photon absorption cross-section for rhodamine is σ=10^-16 cm^2, which is a measure of the probability that a photon will be absorbed by a single dye molecule.

To calculate the percentage of total fluorescence that reaches the camera, we need to consider the following factors:
- The excitation light intensity and wavelength determine the number of dye molecules that are excited and emit fluorescence.
- The objective numerical aperture and oil index of refraction determine the solid angle of light that is collected by the objective and focused onto the camera.
- The transmittance of the optical components between the objective and camera determines the percentage of collected light that actually reaches the camera.
- The one-photon absorption cross-section for rhodamine determines the efficiency of photon absorption and subsequent fluorescence emission.

Based on the given information, the answer is (c) 20%. This is calculated as follows:
- The excitation light intensity of 57 kW/cm^2 and exposure time of 5 ms result in a total energy of 285 mJ/cm^2 that is delivered to the dye molecules.
- The one-photon absorption cross section of σ=10^-16 cm^2 means that each dye molecule absorbs approximately 1 photon per 10^16 photons/cm^2.
- The total number of absorbed photons is therefore 285 mJ/cm^2 x 10^16 photons/cm^2 = 2.85 x 10^13 photons.
- Since the quantum yield of the dye is 0.5, half of the absorbed photons will result in fluorescence emission, which is 1.425 x 10^13 photons.
- The solid angle of light collected by the objective can be calculated using the numerical aperture and oil index of refraction, which is approximately 1.43 sr.
- The transmittance of the optical components between the objective and camera is multiplied together to give a total transmittance of 0.32%.
- The total fluorescence photons that reach the camera are therefore 1.425 x 10^13 x 0.0143 x 0.0032 = 6,511 photons.
- The total fluorescence photons emitted by the dye are 1.425 x 10^13 x 0.5 = 7.125 x 10^12 photons.
- The percentage of total fluorescence that reaches the camera is therefore 6,511/7.125 x 10^12 x 100% = 0.0915% = 0.1% (rounded to 1 decimal place).
- Therefore, the answer is (c) 20% which is the closest to 0.1%.

Learn more about total fluorescence here: brainly.com/question/30901077

#SPJ11

solids are similar to liquids in that both are condensed states, with particles that are far closer together than those of a gas. However, while liquids are fluid, solids are not. The particles of most solids are packed tightly together in an orderly arrangement. The motion of individual atoms, ions, or molecules in a solid is restricted to vibrational motion about a fixed point. Solids are almost completely incompressible and are the densest of the three states of matter.

The answer is  \(1.53 x 10^-3 g\) of hydrogen sulfide can produce of 5.55 x \(10^{-5}\) g silver sulfide

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with silver nitrate to form silver sulfide and nitric acid is:

H₂S + 2 AgNO₃ → Ag₂S + 2 HNO₃

From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of hydrogen sulfide reacts with 2 moles of silver nitrate to produce 1 mole of silver sulfide. We can use the molar mass of hydrogen sulfide to convert the given mass of H₂S to moles, and then use the mole ratio from the balanced equation to calculate the moles of Ag₂S produced. Finally, we can use the molar mass of Ag₂S to convert the moles to mass of silver sulfide produced.

Calculate the moles of H₂S:

moles of H₂S = mass ÷ molar mass

moles of H₂S = 1.53 * \(10^-3\) g ÷ 34.08 g/mol

moles of H₂S = 4.49 * \(10^-5\\\) mol

Use the mole ratio from the balanced equation to calculate the moles of Ag2S produced:moles of Ag₂S = 1/2 * moles of H₂S

moles of Ag₂S = 1/2 x 4.49 * \(10^{-5}\) mol

moles of Ag₂S = 2.24 x  \(10^{-5}\)mol

Calculate the mass of Ag₂S produced using its molar mass:

mass of Ag₂S = moles of Ag₂S x molar mass

mass of Ag₂S = 2.24 x \(10^{-5}\)mol x 247.8 g/mol

mass of Ag₂S = 5.55 x \(10^{-5}\) g

To learn more about silver sulfide here:

https://brainly.com/question/14751616

#SPJ1

An instant cold pack takes advantage of an endothermic dissolution process.

Instant cold packs typically consist of two compartments containing separate substances, usually water and ammonium nitrate or urea. When the pack is activated by breaking a barrier between the compartments, the substances mix, leading to dissolution. The dissolution of ammonium nitrate or urea in water is an endothermic process, meaning it absorbs heat from the surroundings, resulting in a decrease in temperature. This temperature decrease causes the pack to become cold, providing a cooling effect. By utilizing an endothermic dissolution process, the instant cold pack can rapidly lower the temperature for therapeutic or comfort purposes.

To learn more about Instant cold packs :brainly.com/question/31443568

#SPJ11

Answer:

0.005km

Explanation:

you divide by thousand

To calculate the percent yield of 1-bromobutane obtained in your experiment, you need to know the actual yield (the amount of 1-bromobutane you obtained) and the theoretical yield (the maximum amount of 1-bromobutane that could be produced based on the starting materials).

The percent yield is calculated using the formula: (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%. Without the specific values for the actual and theoretical yields, I cannot provide the exact percent yield.

Experimental evidence that the product isolated in your synthetic experiment is 1-bromobutane can include various analytical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, or mass spectrometry (MS). These techniques can be used to analyze the chemical structure of the product and confirm its identity as 1-bromobutane based on characteristic spectral peaks or fragmentation patterns.

The compound that reacted faster in your SN1 experiment can be determined by comparing the reaction rates of 2-bromo-2-methylpropane and 2-chloro-2-methylpropane. The relative rates can be obtained by observing the rate of disappearance of the starting material or the rate of formation of the product. Without specific experimental data, I cannot provide the exact relative rates or identify which compound reacted faster.

The leaving group ability of Br- or Cl- can be assessed by considering their stability after leaving the molecule. Generally, a better leaving group is more stable and will leave more readily. In this case, the answer to question 3 would indicate whether 2-bromo-2-methylpropane or 2-chloro-2-methylpropane reacted faster. If 2-bromo-2-methylpropane reacted faster, it suggests that Br- is a better leaving group than Cl-. These results would be consistent with the relative basicities of the two ions, as Cl- is a weaker base than Br-. However, without the specific experimental data, it is not possible to provide a definitive answer or explanation.

Learn more about the basicity:

brainly.com/question/30513209

#SPJ4

Answer:

Examples of synthetic polymers include nylon, polyethylene, polyester, Teflon, and epoxy.

(a) The pressure changes from 2.0 atm to 0.8 atm.

(b) The temperature increases by a factor of 4.

(c) The pressure changes from 0.8 atm to 1.25 atm.

(d) The pressure returns to the initial pressure of 2.0 atm.

To analyze the given quasi-static steps, we can use the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

(a) In an isobaric process, the pressure remains constant. The initial pressure is 2.0 atm, and the gas expands from 4.0 L to 10.0 L. Since the pressure is constant, we can use the equation:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

2.0 atm × 4.0 L = P₂ × 10.0 L

P₂ = 0.8 atm

(b) In an isochoric process, the volume remains constant. The volume is 10.0 L, and the pressure changes to 0.50 atm. We can use the ideal gas law to find the final temperature:

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

2.0 atm × 10.0 L / T₁ = 0.50 atm × 10.0 L / T₂

T₂ = 4T₁

The temperature increases by a factor of 4.

(c) In the isobaric compression, the pressure remains constant at 0.50 atm. The gas is compressed back to its initial volume of 4.0 L. Again, we can use the equation:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

0.50 atm × 10.0 L = P₂ × 4.0 L

P₂ = 1.25 atm

(d) Finally, in the isochoric process, the volume remains constant at 4.0 L, and the pressure returns to 2.0 atm. We don't need any calculations here since the final pressure matches the initial pressure.

For more such questions on pressure visit:

https://brainly.com/question/24719118

#SPJ8

Answer:Plasma is highest energy state of matter.It consists of electrons,protons and neutral particles.

Explanation:(1) Plasma has a very high electrical conductivity .

(2) The motion of electrons and ions in plasma produces it's own electric and magnetic field

(3)It is readily influenced by electric and magnetic fields .

(4)It produces it's on electromagnetic radiations.



Answer:

Carbon atoms each form four strong bonds. The bonds are covalent (atoms share electrons). This gives graphite its characteristic properties such as high melting and boiling points, good electrical conductivity, and softness. Use as pencil 'lead', as a lubricant in oil, furnace linings, electrodes, neutron moderators in nuclear power stations.

Diamond atoms each form three strong covalent bonds in the same layer and one weak bond to an atom in another layer.  Diamonds have a high level of hardness, thermal conductivity, and optical dispersion. It is used for jewellery, oil-well drills, abrasives and cutting tools.

Explanation:

Structure of Graphite and Diamond (attached below):

Answer:

500

Explanation:

In the box on a periodic table  we can find its atomic number, symbol, average atomic mass, and (sometimes) name of the element.

By the 20th century, it was clear that atomic numbers, not atomic masses, were involved in the periodic relationship. The periodic law, a more recent formulation of this relationship, states that an element's properties are a periodic function of its atomic number.

The elements are arranged in a modern periodic table in increasing order of their atomic numbers, and atoms with comparable properties are grouped in the same vertical column (Figure below). With its atomic number, symbol, average atomic mass, and (sometimes) name, each box represents an element. The elements are grouped in 18 vertical columns called groups and seven horizontal rows known as periods or series.

Each column's header lists the names of its groups. Roman numerals and capital letters have traditionally been used on labels in the United States. The IUPAC advises using the digits 1 through 18, and these labels are more widely used. Parts of two of the rows, totaling 14 columns, are typically written below the table's main body in order for it to fit on a single page.

Learn more about periodic table at https://brainly.com/question/11155928

#SPJ4

Since the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide can cause a reduction in concentration and potency over time, it is a good idea to check the concentration of hydrogen peroxide that has been exposed to air and light.

The chemical student employed titration with potassium permanganate to measure the quantity of hydrogen peroxide.

Using this technique, the volume of potassium permanganate solution needed to completely react with the hydrogen peroxide sample is measured after adding a known quantity of a standard potassium permanganate solution to the hydrogen peroxide sample until the reaction is complete.

Hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate react in the following way: 5 H2O2 + 2 KMnO4 + 3 H2SO4 5 O2 + 2 MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 8 H2O

The amount of hydrogen peroxide in the sample may be determined from the volume and concentration of the potassium permanganate solution used in the titration because the reaction uses 5 moles of hydrogen peroxide for every 2 moles of potassium permanganate.

The chemical student should carry out the following procedures to examine the hydrogen peroxide samples in dark and light vials that have been exposed to air for 10, 20, and 30 hours:

1. Make a standard potassium permanganate solution with a known concentration.

2. Pour a known volume of each test sample of hydrogen peroxide into a flask.

3. To serve as a catalyst for the reaction, add a tiny quantity of diluted sulfuric acid to the hydrogen peroxide sample.

4. Continue titrating the hydrogen peroxide sample with the potassium permanganate standard solution until the reaction is finished, which is shown by a lingering pink hue of the potassium permanganate solution.

5. To confirm the correctness of the results, repeat the titration using the same sample.

6. Using the volume and concentration of the potassium permanganate solution used in the titration, determine the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the sample.

The chemical student can find out if the exposure to air and light has changed the concentration of hydrogen peroxide over time by analysing the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the light and dark vials after 10, 20, and 30 hours.

The findings may be calculated by comparing them to the original concentration of 3% by weight.

For such more questions on Concentration

https://brainly.com/question/26255204

#SPJ4

Answer:

50.6

Explanation

using the furmla

mole=mass/mole mass

1012/20=50.6

Answer:

Decay. Plutonium-242 primarily decays into uranium-238 via alpha decay, before continuing along the uranium series.

Explanation:

please mark as brainlist

There is no recrystallization temperature for the 10% CW.I hope this helps.

From the 3D plot results, the recrystallization temperature for each %CW is approximated as shown in the table below:%CWApprox. recrystallization temperature (°C)30~31535~40050~46570~56590~650100~695There is a %CW for which the recrystallization temperature cannot be approximated. It is the 10% CW. The reason behind this is that there is no recrystallization temperature for that %CW. It is because the recrystallization temperature is the temperature at which the internal stresses are relieved through the process of recrystallization. But for the 10% CW, the material has not been cold worked enough to generate enough internal stresses that need to be relieved. Therefore, there is no recrystallization temperature for the 10% CW.I hope this helps.

Learn more about Recrystallization here,https://brainly.com/question/30670227

#SPJ11

The given statement " Apocalyptic literature, the source of suffering for god’s people is their faithfulness" is true. Because, it includes texts found in religious or biblical contexts, the suffering experienced by God's people is often attributed to their faithfulness or lack thereof.

These texts typically depict a period of intense tribulation, persecution, or catastrophic events that are believed to occur as part of a divine plan or judgment.

According to the narrative structure of apocalyptic literature, the suffering endured by the faithful is seen as a test of their devotion and commitment to their beliefs. It is believed that their faithfulness will ultimately be rewarded, either through deliverance or entrance into a new divine realm.

This theme can be found in various apocalyptic texts, such as the Book of Revelation in the New Testament of the Bible, where the faithful are depicted as enduring suffering and persecution due to their unwavering allegiance to God.

To know more about Apocalyptic literature here

https://brainly.com/question/17601404

#SPJ4

The statement “in apocalyptic literature, the source of suffering for God’s people is their faithfulness” is generally true.What is apocalyptic literature?Apocalyptic literature is a kind of literature that is heavily symbolic and depicts catastrophic events.

It was created during times of hardship and political strife, such as during the reign of the Roman Empire, which made it impossible for people to freely practice their religion and made them feel as though the end of the world was near.Suffering for God’s people in apocalyptic literature:In apocalyptic literature, the faithful are expected to suffer. As a result, the source of suffering for God’s people is their faithfulness.

Know more about apocalyptic literature here:

https://brainly.com/question/32340527

#SPJ11

Answer:

when an electron is acquired by a neutron atom, the energy change is called its electron affinity

When an electron is added to a neutral atom to create a negative ion, the energy of the atom changes (in kJ/mole). This is how electron affinity is defined. Alternatively put, the possibility of the neutral atom receiving an electron.

The amount of energy released when an electron binds to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous state to produce an anion is known as the electron affinity of an atom or molecule.

Although there is a slight distinction between the two, electron gain enthalpy is occasionally also referred to as electron affinity. The amount of energy released when an electron is added to a single gaseous atom is known as the electron gain enthalpy.

The amount of energy released when an atom receives an additional electron is known as its electron affinity. The gaseous state is when electron affinities are measured. On the periodic table, electron affinities tend to shift from negative to positive as we move from left to right.

Thus, when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom, the energy change is called as electron affinity.

To learn more about electron affinity, follow the link;

https://brainly.com/question/11302894

#SPJ5

The ratio between the neutral and the zwitterionic form of alanine at pH 7 is 1:100000.

Since the carboxylic group has a pKa of 3, that means that at pH 3 the ratio between its protonated and deprotonated (charged) form is 1:1. The difference between pH 7 and pH 3 is 7 - 3 = 4, which means that (because pH is a negative logarithm), pH 7 is 10000 times more basic than pH 3. This implies that the ratio between the protonated and the deprotonated form of the carboxylic group is 1:10000.
A similar calculation can be applied to the amino group. 8 - 7 = 1, so at pH 7, the ratio between its protonated (charged) and deprotonated form will be 10:1.
We then multiply these two ratios to get a ratio of neutral:zwitterionic = 1:100000.

You can find out more about alanine here:
brainly.com/question/28148042

#SPJ4

The following table for the reactions that occur when black powder is ignited​.

What is black powder?

In order to maintain a reaction, black powder needs a fuel (charcoal), an oxidizer (saltpeter or niter), and a stabilizer (sulfur). Without the oxidising agent, the reaction would take a long time, similar to a wood fire. The saltpeter in gunpowder provides the oxygen that carbon in a fire needs to draw from the surrounding atmosphere.

What is reactions?

A chemical reaction occurs when one or more chemicals, also known as reactants, change into one or more new substances, also known as products. Both chemical constituents and compounds are substances.

The completion of the above table when black powder is ignited-

The name of the compound=Potassium nitrate

The formula of the compound=KNO3

The balanced chemical equation-

4K NO3 + 2K 20 + 2N2 + 302

Type of reaction-

This is a decomposition reaction.

Mole ratio of reactants to products-

reactants : products=4 : 7

The name of the compound=Charcoal

The formula of the compound=C

The balanced chemical equation,

C+02 + CO2

Type of reaction-

This is a combustion reaction.

Mole ratio of reactants to products-

reactants : products=2 : 1

The name of the compound=Sulfur

The formula of the compound=S

The balanced chemical equation,

S + 02 → SO2

Type of reaction-

This is also a combustion reaction.

Mole ratio of reactants to products-

reactants : products=2 : 1

The name of the compound=Potassium chlorate

The formula of the compound=KClO3

The balanced chemical equation,

2K CIO3 → 2KCI + 302

Type of reaction-

This is a decomposition reaction.

Mole ratio of reactants to products-

reactants : products=2 : 5

The name of the compound=Potassium perchlorate

The formula of the compound=KClO4

The balanced chemical equation,

KClO4\righteous KCl+2O2

Type of reaction-

This is a decomposition reaction.

Mole ratio of reactants to products-

reactants : products=1 : 3

Therefore,  above table for the reactions that occur when black powder is ignited​.

Learn more about ignition from the given link.

https://brainly.com/question/28321742

#SPJ4

Ideal gas law is valid only for ideal gas not for vanderwaal gas. Therefore, the pressure of a tire at 25°C if the pressure is 1.5 atm when the temperature is 15°C is 1.55 atm.

Ideal gas equation is the mathematical expression that relates pressure volume and temperature. There is no force of attraction between the particles.

Mathematically the relation between Pressure, temperature and volume can be given as

PV=nRT

Rearranging the equation we get

P₁÷T₁=P₂÷T₂

where,

P = pressure

T =temperature

R = Gas constant = 0.0821 L.atm/K.mol

Substituting all the given values, we get

P₁÷T₁=P₂÷T₂

1.5 ÷288=P₂÷298K

P₂=1.55 atm

Therefore, the pressure of a tire at 25°C if the pressure is 1.5 atm when the temperature is 15°C is 1.55 atm.

To learn more about ideal gas equation, here:

https://brainly.com/question/14826347

#SPJ1

Answer:

I don’t get it you have to go more into detail lol then I’ll answer

Explanation:

Answer:

Mass

Explanation: